Showing papers in "Asian Journal of Applied Sciences in 2017"

An Analysis of Map Matching Algorithm for Recent Intelligent Transport System

Abstract: Map matching is a technique combining electronic map with locating information to obtain the real position of vehicles in a road network. Map matching algorithms can be divided in real-time and offline algorithms. Real-time algorithms associate the position during the recording process to the road network. Offline algorithms are used after the data is recorded and are then matched to the road network. Real-time applications can only calculate based upon the points prior to a given time (as opposed to those of a whole journey), but are intended to be used in 'live' environments. This brings a compromise of performance over accuracy. Offline applications can consider all points and so can tolerate slower performance in favour of accuracy. The MM algorithms integrate positioning data with spatial road network data to identify the correct link on which a vehicle is travelling and to determine the location of a vehicle on a link. A map-matching algorithm could be used as a key component to improve the performance of systems that support the navigation function of intelligent transport systems. A number of map-matching algorithms have been developed by around the world using different techniques such as topological analysis of spatial road network data, probabilistic theory, fuzzy logic, and belief theory. The performances of these algorithms have improved over the years due to the application of advanced techniques in the map matching processes and improvements in the quality of both positioning and spatial road network data. However, these algorithms are not always capable of supporting intelligent transport system applications with high required navigation performance, especially in difficult and complex environments such as dense urban areas. The main objectives of this paper are thus to uncover the constraints and limitations by an in-depth literature review and to recommend ideas to address them. This paper also presents some ideas for monitoring the integrity of map matching algorithms. The map-matching algorithms considered in this paper are generic and do not assume knowledge of ‘future’ information (i.e. based on either cost or time). Clearly, such data would result in relatively simple map-matching algorithms.

Compositional Change in Fish Assemblage Structure in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Abstract: Shatt Al-Arab River suffered from deterioration in water quality due to seawater intrusion as a result of the decline in rate of discharge of freshwater during the recent years. Therefore, the fish assemblage structure in the river was assessed using taxonomic and functional metrics of assemblage structure during the period from November 2015 to October 2016. Fish were sampled monthly by different fishing gears including gill nets, cast net and electro-fishing from three sites on the river. The fish assemblage consisted of 111 fish species representing 50 families belong to Osteichthyes except three relate to Chondrichthyes. The fish fauna comprised 15 native, 13 exotic and 83 marine species. The most abundant species were Carassius auratus (13.24%), Oreochromis aureus (12.58%) and Planiliza klunzingeri (10.56%). The dominance value (D3) was 63.4%. The resident species formed 36.0%, occasional species 55.9% and seasonal species 8.1% of the total number of fish species. Fish diversity index ranged from 1.62 to 2.22, richness from 2.23 to 4.63 and evenness from 0.40 to 0.64. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that water temperature and salinity correlated positively with the number of species. The results revealed that the fish assemblage in the river was clearly shifted in the number of species, the percents of exotic and marine species and the dominancy species compared with the previous status.

A Survey on Internet of Things

Abstract: “Everything that is blend to the internet is cognizant”, is going to be the new rule for future. Future is Internet of Things (IOT we are moving towards it with swift pace. Generally to the way humans use internet, now onwards gadgets will be the main users of IOT ecosystem. We know that, today internet has already taken an decisive part of everyday life and it has also fiercely changed the lives of human being. This paper introduces Internet of Things (IOTs), which offers competence to identify and connect worldwide physical objects into a unified system. As a part of IOTs, serious interest is raised over access of particular information related to device and individual privacy. This survey epitomizes the security threats and privacy concerns of IOT .Main permissive factor of this conception is the assimilation of various technologies. In this paper, we describe the key technologies elaborate in the implementation of Internet of Things and the leading application discipline where the Internet of Things will play a key role. The global sensing networks is enabled by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and these technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. The rise of these devices in a communicating and actuating network will create the Internet of Things (IOT). Here the sensors and actuators bind easily with the environment around us and the knowledge is shared across various terrace in order to develop a common operating picture (COP). Internet

A Review on the Development Strategies of Agro-industrial Institutions in Indonesia

Abstract: The importance of agro-industrial development is deeply associated to necessity for development of agriculture-based economic activities. An alternative model and an institutional model selected should consider the innovation taken, feasibility, the lowest cost, the lowest possible consequences or risks. This article was aimed to describe strategies for development of agro-industrial institutions and some other opportunities for novelty as a research contribution. Results of the analysis discovered some research opportunities that become challenges for researchers, in particular in the context of wide open agro-industries. They include ones related to the historical analysis, the comparative analysis and the functional analysis, the assessment of institutional positions, the structurization of institutional systems, future prospects, the assessment of potential innovations and the institutional performance measurement. In-depth review of one component or in depth-study of a combination of components is continuously required. Therefore, characteristics of each agricultural commodity, social dynamics, current development and technological advances, policy changes and global challenges become challenges crucial for development of agro-industrial institutions in the future.

A Review of Clayey Soils

Abstract: Clays in general and expansive soils in particular have been a major concern to geotechnical engineers for many years. Moisture variations produce big volume changes in these types of soils. Several factors like amount and type of clay minerals, soil structure, dry density, confining pressure, moisture content and climate changes influence the amount of swell and shrinkage. These volume changes finally result in serious damage to the various structures including pavements. In addition, clayey soils are usually stiff when they are dry and give up their stiffness as they become saturated. Soft clays (i.e. illite/kaolinite/ montmorillonite) are associated with low compressive strength and excessive settlement. This reduction in strength due to moisture leads to severe damages to buildings and foundations.

Solution of Elastic Half Space Problem using Boussinesq Displacement Potential Functions

Abstract: In this study, the Boussinesq displacement potential functions were used to solve the elastic half space problem involving a point load acting at the origin.Displacement field components were obtained from the Boussinesq potential functions using Love's expressions. Strin displacement and stress-strain laws were used simultaneously to obtain the stress fields from the displacement fields. It was found that solutions for stress and displacement fields were exactly the same expressions obtained by other researchers in the technical literature.

Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Brick Composition Using Artificial Neural Network on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Abstract: Indonesia with raw material limestone abundant, light brick of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is the most important component in the construction of buildings, so that needs light brick AAC qualified in mechanical and thermal properties of acoustic. In the research domain lightweight brick lifting who qualified mechanical properties. Advantages of light brick AAC low density of about 500 to 650 kg/m3, more economical, suitable for multi-storey buildings can reduce the weight of 30 to 40 % compared with conventional brick (clay brick). One of the problems found in the fabrication of lightweight brick is how to determine the composition of raw materials used. The composition of materials in lightweight brick can affect its mechanical properties which are an important parameter for building materials. In this research the prediction of the effect of elements composition and density on compressive strength (AAC) using neural network has been done. Furthermore, the simulation on the effect of each element composition and the density on compressive strength also have been done. The best network developed in this research using feed forward back propagation architecture and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is to use 8 hidden nodes, with MSE (mean square error) training of 0.001605667 and MSE validation of 0.01455. Simulation results show that composition of Ca, Si, O, and density are all directly proportional to compresssive strentgh, while composition of Al is inversely proportional. The compressive strength prediction results obtained for 4 AAC, and for sample AAC-a = are 4.80 MPa, AAC-b= samples 5.24 MPa, AAC-c=3.23 MPa, and AAC-d= 3.67 MPa. The result of prediction shows that the neural network developed can predict the effect of composition and density on compressive strength of AAC.

The Development of Sustainable Community Food Barn in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract: Food storage in the form of barn is mostly ineffective in Wonogiri. Even though, it has very significant role as buffer stock in the drought season. Meanwhile, the government’s program initiates the activating of food barn, by providing fund assistance for barn building, rice miller and restock rice grains in the barn. However, it has not made the barn well developed, due to its dependency on the program. The aim of this study is to construct the development of sustainable community’s food barn. This study was used an exploratory method. The location of this study was selected purposively in Wonogiri. The result of this study showed that inactive food barn was caused by its poor management. Meanwhile, the active food barn functioned for savings and loans of rice grains. It has high dependency to the government program. The barn development needs a support from physical and non-physical environment to reach its sustainability.

Effect of Concentrator, Blade Diameter and Blade Number on the Savonius Wind Turbine Performance

Abstract: Savonius turbine is a type of vertical-axis wind turbines. The turbine has a potential to be developed as it has a simple construction and is suitable for low wind speeds. However, the turbine is still rarely used because of the low efficiency of the turbine compared to other turbines. The low efficiency of the turbine is due to the negative moment. Some efforts have been done to reduce the negative moment such as by adding a wind concentrator. The wind concentrator can steer the incoming wind toward the turbine blades that generate positive moments, consequently, the generated power increases. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the number and diameter of the Savonius blade wind turbine with an additional concentrator. The concentrator had a concentration ratio of 6:1 and it was tested at the lower wind speeds of 2-5 m/s. The result shows that adding a wind concentrator can increase the rotational speed of the rotor, power coefficient, and the turbine power. The Savonius turbine with two blades has the best performance compared to the three and four blades. The Savonius blade wind turbine with the rotor diameter of 12 cm is the best Savonius turbine for the concentration ratio of 6:1.

Low-cost biodiesel production

Abstract: Use of fossil fuel after about 200 years of its dominance the world’s primary source of energy has caused many environmental problems of which increase in air pollution and climate change are the major ones. Biodiesel production from microalgae is a renewable and bio-friendly source of energy recognized worldwide than fossil fuel. Unfortunately, the major challenge hindering biodiesel production at pilot scale is the high cost of production. This study, therefore, discusses some important steps taken to lower the cost of biodiesel production which includes a choice of lipid extraction methods, biomass drying methods, biodiesel conversion methods and choice of cultivating media. The cheap and effective method of lipid extraction, biomass drying and biodiesel conversion was identified and discussed. The use of natural media such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) for the cultivation of microalgae to produce biomass, which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production was highlighted. The identification of the major strategies for up-scaling biodiesel production is a step forward in making biodiesel production economically viable.

Micropropagation through In Vitro Tillering from Seed Cultures of the Medicinal Plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus

Abstract: Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus is a wild aromatic herb that produces essential oils and terpenoids of pharmaceutical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It is becoming endangered as a result of over collection for its multi-uses. Effect of different factors on axillary multiplication and growth from seed cultures in vitro were studied. Those included benzyl adenine concentrations, different sugar types, sugar alcohol types and concentrations and different silver nitrate concentrations. Among different concentrations of benzyl adenine used, 7 mg/l produced the highest number of shoots (27.0±4.5 shoots/explant), fresh weight and dry weight. Maltose, glucose and sucrose gave significantly higher shoot numbers and fresh weight than fructose, lactose and galactose. Addition of sorbitol in concentrations 2.25% in combination with 2.25% of sucrose significantly increased shoot numbers (35.5 ± 5.8 shoots/explant), while different concentrations of mannitol either did not affect or negatively affected biomass production. Silver nitrate at 2 mg/l improved shoots proliferation (33.4±3.7 shoot/explant), fresh weight and dry weights. For rooting, different concentrations of three auxin types used did not induce any rooting. Well develop strong roots were produced only on media containing 6% of glucose or sucrose. Humic acid significantly increased root growth. This study established an efficient, reproducible and rapid protocol for in vitro mass production of the species that can be used in folk medicine, in drug production, and also for ex-situ conservation.

Effect of Paclobutrazol on Adventitious Root Formation of IBA-Treated Cuttings of ‘Zard’ and ‘Dakal’ Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Cultivars

Abstract: Olive cuttings are difficult to propagate. They root well using synthetic auxin, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). To evaluate the rooting and viability of olive semi-hardwood cuttings of ‘Dakal’ and ‘Zard’ cultivars in response to application of growth retardant, paclobutrazol (PBZ), and interaction of IBA and PBZ, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2012. Cuttings were dipped for 30 minutes in PBZ (0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg.L -1 ) and for 50 seconds inIBA (2000 mg.L -1 ) solutions, respectively and then planted in a sandy bed of propagation under automatic mist system with 95% humidity and 20±5 o C base temperature. Results showed that cutting viability, percentages of rooted, callused and rooted plus callused cuttings and root growth parameters were higher in ‘Dakal’ cultivar than ‘Zard’ cultivar. The 2000 mg.L -1 PBZ treated cuttings had a higher cutting viability, rooting percentage, number of branches per cutting, shoot length, number of roots per cutting, root length and root fresh and dry weights than the control. It appears that the rooting of ‘Dakal’ cultivar can be substantially improved by the treatment of PBZ (included IBA).

Multi-criteria Approach for Prioritizing Bridge Maintenance in Developing Country (Case Study of Bali Province, Indonesia)

Abstract: Transport agencies in developing countries are often faced by the need to maintain a lot of road projects but have limited budget. One important road infrastructure complement is bridge. The bridge is a vital infrastructure facilities for the continuing development of social and economic activities of the region. A serious problem in developing countries such as Indonesia is limited funds available for maintenance. In Bali Province, the priority of bridge maintenance program is prepared based only on the technical condition of the bridge. However, many aspects actually need to be considered. As limited funds available, the objective of this study is to develop bridge maintenance prioritization criteria and rank the bridges to be maintained based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by using Bali Province as a case study. It was found that the stakeholders for bridge maintenance in Bali Province gave priority to road network system 1.34 times more than movement system, 1.56 times more than land use system and 2.49 times more than institutional system. The road network system was identified as the main factor considered in maintaining bridge in Bali Province. From 86 bridges considered in this study, it was found that 19 bridges were in the very high priority category. It was also found that the ranking of bridge maintenance priority based on the AHP method was very similar to the realized program.

A Variable-stpe-size Block Predictor-corrector Method for Ordinary Differential Equations

Abstract: A Variable-stpe-size Block Predictor-corrector Method for Ordinary Differential Equations Background and Objective: Over the years, block predictor-corrector method has been limited to predicting and correcting methods without further use. Predictor-corrector method possesses other attributes that utilize the Principal Local Truncation Error (PLTE) to design a suitable step size, tolerance level and control error. This study examined a variable step-size block predictor-corrector method for solving first-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Materials and Methods: The combination of Newton’s backward difference interpolation polynomial and numerical integration methods were applied and evaluated at some selected grid points to formulate the block predictor-corrector method. Nevertheless, this process advances to generate the PLTE of the block predictor-corrector method after establishing the order of the method. Results: The numerical results were shown to demonstrate the performance of the variable step-size block predictor-corrector method in solving first-order ODEs. The complete results were incurred with the aid of Mathematica 9 kernel for Microsoft windows (64bit). Conclusion: Numerical results showed that the variable-step-size block predictor-corrector method is more effective and perform better than existing methods in terms of the maximum errors at all tested tolerance levels as well as designing a suitable step size to control error.

Improving Macro Nutrition Content on Nutritional Biscuits with Substitution of Tilapia Fish Flour, Sardine Fish Flour, and Red Rice Flour

Abstract: The objective of the research: to study the macro nutrient content of biscuits with substitution of tilapia fish flour, sardine fish flour, and red rice flour. Method: experimental research, the study was conducted in March – June 2017 at Culinary Laboratory Universitas Negeri Makassar and Biophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin. Main ingredients: 1 biscuit without substitution (F0) and 7 biscuits with substitution: tilapia fish flour substituted biscuit (F1), sardine fish flour substituted biscuit (F2), red rice flour substituted biscuit (F3), tilapia and sardine fish flour substituted biscuit (F4), tilapia fish flour and red rice flour substituted biscuit (F5), sardine fish flour and red rice flour substituted biscuit (F6), and tilapia and sardine fish flour and red rice flour substituted biscuit (F7). Data collection by proximate analysis: water content AOAC (2012) 930.15, ash content AOAC (2012) 942.05, fat content AOAC (2012) 991.36, protein content IK.LP-04.3-LT-1.0, carbohydrate content IK.LP-04.3-LT-1.0, and presented in histograms. The Results of Nutrient Content in the biscuits with substitution of tilapia fish flour, sardine fish flour, and red rice flour are respectively energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, water, and ashes: F0: 476.03kkal; 7.72g; 17.43g; 72.07g; 2.03g; 0.75g. F1: 500.33Kkal; 13.59g; 24.77g; 55.76g; 4.48g; 1.4g. F2: 490.65Kkal; 11.01g; 21.49g; 63.3g; 3.03g; 1.17g. F3: 507.46Kkal; 11.68g; 24.46g; 60.15g; 2.52g; 1.19g. F4: 478.78Kkal; 11.05g; 19.3g; 65.22g; 3.1g; 1.33g. F5: 492.3Kkal; 11.25g; 21.75g; 62.89g; 2.88g; 1.23g. F6: 483.06Kkal; 10.03g; 20.43g; 64.77g; 3.31g; 1.46g. F7: 478.11Kkal; 7.8g; 20.23g; 66.21g; 3.94g; 1.82g.

The Development of Equipment Criticality Analysis (ECA) Protocols of Offshore Carbon Steel Static Mechanical Equipment

Abstract: Best practice in developing Inspection Plan for static mechanical equipment on offshore topside platform is by performing Risk-based inspection (RBI) analysis. However, there are hundreds or even thousands static mechanical equipment on offshore topside platform. Since detailed RBI analysis requires a lot of data and tedious calculation then it is necessary to do equipment criticality screening prior to perform detail RBI analysis as it is suggested in DNV-RP-G101. Equipment Criticality Analysis (ECA) protocols for carbon steel static mechanical equipment have been developed as criticality screening tools. The protocols were developed based upon DNV-RP-G101. ECA categorizes the static mechanical equipment into C1, C2, or C3 which refer to high, medium or low criticality equipment respectively. The C3 equipment will receive minimum surveillance with planned corrective maintenance while C2 and C1 equipment will require detail RBI analysis.

Lung Cancer Risk Due to Radon in Different Brand Cigarette Tobacco in Iraqi Market

Abstract: Sealed can technique using CR-39 plastic track detector strippable has been used in order to measure radon concentrations to calculate the annual effective dose and lung cancer cases per year per million person for twenty different brand tobacco cigarette were collected from Iraqi market. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer, following tobacco smoke. Radon is not only an independent risk factor; it also increases the risk of lung cancer in smokers. It has been observed that tobacco smoking increases the risks of radon-induced lung cancer. Radon and cigarette smoking have synergistic, multiplicative effect on lung cancer rates. People who inhale tobacco smoke are exposed to higher concentrations of radioactivity. Ever since studies on the relation of smoking to cancer, particularly the lung cancer has been established, there had been a great interest in studies concerned with the monitoring of the alpha radioactivity in tobacco. The results showed that the 222 Rn concentrations in cigarette tobacco samples ranged from (156.450 to 403.087) Bq/m 3 with an average 284.751 Bq/m 3 , while the radon induced lung cancer risks was found to vary from 71.047 to 183.049 with an av­erage value of 129.3107 per million person, and standard deviation 83.529 and 37.932, respectively. Excellent correlation has been observed between radon concentration and lung cancer cases per year per million person for different brand tobacco cigarettes.

Predictive Factors for Quality of Life Among Small and Medium Enterprise Workers in Indonesia

Abstract: Background and Objective: There are more than 7 million workers in the small and medium enterprises (SME) in Indonesia. The various occupational risks and environmental hazards threaten the health and well-being of these SME workers. It is important to promote occupational health and safety programs in order to improve quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic profile and to examine the factors that impact the QOL among SME workers in Indonesia. Methodology: This study utilized a cross sectional study design. WHO quality of life (WHO-QOL) questionnaire was used to determine individuals perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Four domain scores include physical, psychological, environmental and social relationship. Sample for this study were 492 workers from 2 SME industries (food and textile). All of the industries were in registered in the Indonesia Ministry of Trade and Industry. Bivariate analysis was used by ordered logistic regression for quality of life in general with satisfaction of health as dependent variable and logistic regression for 4 domains as dependent variable. Results: The poor condition was found in social domain (36.58%, μ = 0.63, SD = 0.48), followed by psychological (32.32%, μ = 0.68, SD = 0.46), environmental (25.2%, μ = 0.75, SD = 0.43) and physical domain (17.47%, μ = 0.83, SD = 0.38). Quality of life among non-permanent employer was 0.5 times lower than permanent employees. Employees with higher educational level had better QOL (OR = 1.149 , CI = 1.063-1.242) in all domains. Employee with long duration of sleep had better QOL than those with short sleep duration. The SME workers who exercised regularly had 2 times better QOL (physical and social domain) and were more satisfied with their health than workers who did not exercise regularly. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors influenced the quality of life among Indonesian workers, as well as job characteristics (work status, work shift and work area condition), individual characteristics (education level) and lifestyles (sleep duration and exercise habit).

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Apigenin and Luteolin in Ethanol Extract of Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Leaves

Abstract: A simple, specific, precise, accurate, and sensitive method for separation and quantification of two flavonoids mainly apigenin (API) and luteolin (LUT) by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed and validated. Flavonoids present in the leaves of Clerodendrum serratum L. (C. serratum) were analyzed and quantified. Analysis was carried out on enable C18G column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 µm) as stationary phase, mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-acetic acid-orthophosphoric acid-water (40:20:0.05:0.05:40) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min -1 and detection wavelength at 352 nm. The proposed method was validated by ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1). In this study, an excellent linearity was obtained with correlation coefficient (r 2 ) higher than 0.999. Besides, the chromatographic peaks also showed good resolution. Other validation parameters including precision, specificity, accuracy, and robustness demonstrated good reliability in the quantification of apigenin and luteolin. Thus the newly developed and validated method can be conveniently used for the quantification of API and LUT in leaves of C. serratum L. leaves and also be applied to standardization of multicomponent herbal remedies containing C. Serratum.

P-Coretractable and Strongly P-Coretractable Modules

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the notion of P-coretractable module . Some basic properties of this class of modules are investigated and some relationships between these modules and other related concepts are introduced . Also , we give the notion of strongly P-coretractable and study it comparison with P-coretractable , moreover the mono-P-coretractable concept are introduced and studied .

Effects of mix vegetation and root shear strength grown on carbonaceous shale

Abstract: Background: Carbonaceous shale is one of the common rock types in Malaysia. The most common types of landslides in Malaysia were happened on the cut slope before the construction of highway. Brachiaria ruziziensis and Colopogonium mucunoides were used as the mix vegetation to investigate the effect of chemical amendments on plant growth and root shear strength relationship. Objective: The objective of this study: (1) To investigate the effect of compound fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), NPK+Ground Magnesium Limestone (GML) (NGL), NPK+GML+foliar fertilizer (Vita-Grow™) (NGF) and control (Ctrl) and (2) To determine the soil shear strength, biomass and root growth. Materials and Methods: The soil samples were analyzed for pH, Total Nitrogen (TN), Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), available phosphorus, exchangeable Al, Ca, Mg and K and trace nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn). Results: The carbonaceous shale was low in pH, total N, soil organic carbon, extractable P, basic cations (Ca, Mg and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu and Zn). Both P and Ca/Mg were low indicating inherent infertility and chemical constraints for root developments. The dry matter yield, root length and root weight of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Colopogonium mucunoides were increased significantly against NGF treatment. The increased of plant top and root dry weight treated with NGF were 26 and 38%, respectively, compared to the other treatments. The significant root shear strength relationship indicates that root enhanced shear strength by reducing the cohesion and increased the angle of internal friction component. The shear strength analysis from the direct shear test method is to determine the shear strength from the plotted graph. The shear strength analysis showed that NGF treatment was having high shear strength in 5.4, 10.9 and 16.3 and normal stress in 54, 109 and 163 kN m–2. Rapid vegetation growth observed within a 5 months period demonstrated that nutrient and lime application effectively ameliorated chemical constraints to plant growth. Conclusion: The plant mix species treated with NPK+GML+foliar fertilizer (NGF) indicated higher shear strength, dry matter yield and root densities in all layers.

Measurement of Interconnecting Network for Roadside Unit Placement on Cellular Network to Support Intelligent Transportation System

Abstract: The significant problems in metropolitan’s traffic are road congestion and safety The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) offer improvement for the problems using Roadside Unit placement along the road to detect and inform all matters relating to traffic condition. This research will be conducted measurement interconnection network that will be used by Roadside Unit (RSU) to communicate with the central office. RSU will transmit data type of vehicle and speed information to the central office server. Measurements carried out on the existing cellular network and find the right position for placement of RSU according network availability by considering the received signal power, pathloss and performance data delivery. Measurement locations in the main road metropolitan city of Surabaya by using sensors (counted mode) as the RSU. From the measurements taken showed that communication between infrastructures managed by using digital sensors falcon plus II with a percentage error of less than 3%. Communications between the RSU and the central office using GPRS / GSM network supported by the presence of a nearby BTS tower. The power level of BTS antenna greater than wireless modem (SIM 900) sensitivity (-107 dbm), with pathloss exponent about 2.77. The ability of data transmission by wireless modem (SIM 900) reached 85.6 Kbps to 42.8 Kbps for downlink and uplink. The server side using the internet network 512 Mbps with a dynamic public IP features that support port forwarding that is useful for data communication. Best sensor position for mounting the sensor horizontally at a height of 40-120 cm from ground level to the maximum detection distance of 150 m for vertical mounting above the overpass. Best sensor position facing the one lane road with a height of 5-6 m from ground level, with the best angle measurement is 45˚-60˚ for vertical and horizontal mounting. Average speed of vehicles is 38.34 km / h with a volume of 4128 units of vehicles, mostly motorcycles and traffic density 135 units / km. Keywords— Roadside unit, I2I, ITS, cellular network

Genetic Studies on Grain Protein Content and Some Agronomic Characters of Rice by Halfdiallel Crossing System

Abstract: Diallel method was use to study quantitative characters of rice. The output of the analysis will provide genetic information to select further generation. The results were Grain Protein Content (GPC) and filled grain characters in rice determined by epistatic gene effect. Over dominant had been show in day of harvest while that in plant height was partially dominant, and in panicles length were partially dominant and close to complete dominant.

Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Antioxidant Evaluation of Rutin from Leaf of Polyalthia longifolia

Abstract: Medicinal plants are sources of antioxidant compounds that have been reported to protect the human body from the adverse effects of free radicals. Therefore, the present study was intended to identify the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging constituent from the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaf using bioassay-guided fractionation. On the basis of DPPH radical scavenging assay-guided isolation, the leaf extract of P. longifolia was separated by employing a solvent partition of methanol leaf extract followed by Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) revealed a strong antioxidant activity, compared to other fractions through in vitro DPPH radical-scavenging assay. The repeated fractionation of active EtOAc by MPLC separation and elution procedure yielded a sub-fraction EtOAc_F007 with strong antioxidant potential. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate sub-fraction EtOAc_F007 has noticeable effects on DPPH radical compared with other sub fractions. The sub fraction EtOAc_F007 was further purified using a preparative HPLC system. Subsequent Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the purified constituent from sub-fraction EtOAc-F007 led to the identification of rutin as the antioxidant agent in P. longifolia leaf extract. The results obtained suggested that extracts from P. longifolia leaf have potential use as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants by contributing valuable health effects.

Determination of Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement for Four-Year-Old Oil Palm

Abstract: Fertilization is one of the methods to increase the productivity of oil palm in Indonesia, especially in smallholder plantations. The aim of this research were to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to determine the optimum N fertilizer rate for a four-year-old oil palm (1 st mature oil palm). This study was conducted at IPB-Cargill Teaching Farm of Oil Palm, Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia from April 2016 to March 2017. This experiment used one factor of randomized complete block design that consisted of five treatment levels, three replications and five palm samples. The treatment levels were 0, 725, 1450, 2175 and 2900 g N palm -1 year -1 . Nitrogen fertilizer significantly affects the palm height, trunk girth, leaf area, leaf greenness, stomata density, leaf N content, bunch number, and productivity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), but didn’t affect the frond length and average bunch weight on 1 st mature oil palm. The optimum N fertilizer rate was 1632 ± 207 g N palm -1 year -1 for four-year-old oil palm (1 st mature oil palm). Application of N fertilizer with application rate of 1632 g N palm -1 year -1 could increase the productivity by 35% compared to control (4.9 ton FFB ha -1 year -1 higher than control).

Authorship Arabic Text Detection According to Style of Writing by Using (SABA) Method

Abstract: Authorship attribution of a style of writing is a method depend on analyzing texts in text mining, e.g., historical books and novels that famous authors wrote, attempted to measure the author's style, by choosing some attributes that show the author manner of writing. Assuming that these writers have a different way of writing that no other writer have; thus, authorship attribution is the essential of identifying the author of a given text [1].

Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Synthesis of Alkynyl Derivatives of Quinoline-5, 8-Dione

Abstract: The synthesis of various alkynylquinoline-5,8-diones is reported. The intermediate 6,7-dibromoquinoline-5,8-dione was obtained by nitrosation of 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by reduction and subsequent bromination and oxidation. The coupling reaction of 6,7-dibromoquinoline-5,8-dione with various terminal alkynes via Palladium catalysis gave the alkynylquinoline-5,8-diones in good to excellent yields (50-85% ). The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using spectroscopic methods, which include UV/Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopy. In vitro antimicrobial activity screening carried out on the compounds against bacterial strains: Escherichia coli 1, Escherichia coli 12, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeroginosa, showed that the synthesized compounds have significant activities (MIC= 0.15-3.20), against the tested organisms. However, compound 5e did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa.