Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1978"

TL;DR: The possibility is entertained that brain opiates may function to control the intensity of emotions arising from social separation and parallels between the biological nature of narcotic addiction and the formation of social bonds are discussed.

TL;DR: A circadian etiology is consistent with the genetics and age distribution of manic-depressive illness and affective disturbances could be evolutionary remnants of the photo-periodic seasonal responses in animals.

TL;DR: Relating these findings to previous patient and animal data provides a rationale for use of specific types of cerebellar simulation in the treatment of intractable behavioral disorders and epilepsy.

TL;DR: Down's syndrome appears to be a human chromosomal abnormality in which genetically determined biochemical defects leading to precocious aging and dementia can be studied.

TL;DR: It is found that brains from Alzheimer patients contain approximately 1.4 times the aluminum level found in a control series, which is a plausible chemical mechanism for the changes of aluminum encephalopathy.

TL;DR: Postmortem changes in human brain amines are discussed in relation to those occurring postmortem in the rat brain, in which phenylethylamine, p-tyramine, and tryptamine have been shown to increase to levels greater than those prevailing in vivo.

TL;DR: REM cyclic periodicity was larger in narcoleptics who also demonstrated a REM-sleep fragmentation, and this fragmentation became more pronounced as time passed, with several shifts from REM to wakefulness and stage 1.

TL;DR: The attenuated later EP activity associated with overt psychosis was interpreted as a concomitant of cognitive (attention?) impairment, rather than of emotional disturbance, than in any other subject group.

TL;DR: The hypotheses of relative cholinergic underactivity in Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia, mania, and schizophrenia were pharmacologically investigated, using physostigmine and choline chloride and a transient improvement during physostIGmine infusion predicted a positive response to a trial of oral cholin chloride was predicted.

TL;DR: Consideration of curvilinear relationships enhanced the amount of variance explained, and it is suggested that certain patterns of consumption may accelerate the alcohol-induced decline of brain function.

TL;DR: One infant had a prolonged separation-induced decrease in HR that persisted throughout reunion, indicating that the stress of maternal separation may induce physiological changes that considerably exceed the duration of the effective stress.

TL;DR: Among the patients with bipolar affective disorder, DBH activity from manic patients was significantly lower than that from depressed or euthymic patients, and the theory that the amount of DBH in CSF may serve as an indicator of central noradrenergic activity is discussed.

TL;DR: The results provide a direct demonstration of a left hemisphere involvement in schizophrenic dysfunction, and VEP stability differences between the hemispheres were greater than normal in latent schizophrenics, with less stability on the left.

TL;DR: The best-ranked procedures were nearest centroid sorting methods and complete and centroid linkage hierarchical methods, and the overall poorest ranking were obtained for multivariate normal mixture analysis and facial representation of multidimensional points.

TL;DR: A quantitative ratio measure was developed which permitted comparisons between the reinforcing and anorectic potency of eight phenylethylamine anorectics and cocaine in laboratory baboons, and may provide information for preclinical evaluation of relative abuse potential of anorctic drugs.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that reduced platelet MAO activity in alcoholics is a relatively stable phenomenon, independent of ethanol consumption and proximate factors of the illness which are associated with excessive ethanol consumption.

TL;DR: Findings of differences in platelet MAO activity in clinically defined subgroups of nonaffective schizophrenic disorders and the schizophrenia-related depressive disorders may help to account for some of the discrepancies in findings among the various studies of platelets in schizophrenic and affective disorders.

TL;DR: The view that hypnosis facilitates greater participation of the right cerebral hemisphere in cognition and may partially account for several well known hypnotic effects is supported.

TL;DR: EEGs were recorded for two groups of chronic alcoholics who scored at opposite extremes on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale and a significant linear trend was found for power as a function of degree of impairment from controls to moderately impaired alcoholic to severely impaired alcoholics in frequency bands above 14 Hz.

TL;DR: Because ADH is both produced in the hypothalamus and can be accurately measured in blood, this substance may prove particularly valuable in the study of psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Significant ECS-produced intensification of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome persisted for 3 weeks following ten periodic ECSs and occurred even when the motor seizures elicited by the antecedent E CSs were pharmacologically suppressed.

TL;DR: None of the known inherited diseases of organic acid metabolism was found in any of the psychotic children, but future studies utilizing sophisticated gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--computer techniques might disclose abnormal organic acid content in the CSF of such patients.

TL;DR: A male patient with obsessive homosexual pedophilic fantasies treated with psychotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestin with antiandrogen activity was administered and MPA was observed to have psychological benefits that outlived its physiologic activity.

TL;DR: The failure of apparently intense auditory-visual distraction to significantly disrupt schizophrenia' SPEM suggests that inattentiveness alone does not account for schizophrenics' tracking impairment, and is supported by the finding that only the more intense distraction by dichotic listening produced a (trend toward) greater impairment in schizophrenics.

TL;DR: An association between unsocialized aggressive reaction in boys and antisocial personality disorder in their adult relatives is suggested, an interesting contrast to the relationship between hyperactivity in children and alcoholism in theiradult relatives.

TL;DR: The increased fluency after haloperidol, an agent which is felt to turn off the dopaminergic system via postsynaptic blockade, and after low-dose apomorphine, which appears to inhibit the dopamine system via presynaptic effects is consistent with a role for central dopamine systems in the pathogenesis of stuttering.