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Showing papers in "Boletin De La Asociacion De Geografos Espanoles in 2019"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Camacho Olmedo, M. T., Paegelow, M., Mas, J. F., and Escobar, F. as discussed by the authors presented a Geomatic Approaches for Modeling Land Change Scenarios.
Abstract: Camacho Olmedo, M. T., Paegelow, M., Mas, J. F., & Escobar, F. (Eds.) (2018). Geomatic Approaches for Modeling Land Change Scenarios. Springer, 525 pp.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the changes of Land Cover/Land Use (LC/LU) in the province of Rodriguez de Mendoza (Peruvian Amazon), through the methods of supervised classification of maximum probability and interdependent visual interpretation of images of the Landsat satellite, between the 1987-2001 and 2001-2016.
Abstract: The forests of the Peruvian Amazon have undergone important transformations since the middle of the last century. This work evaluated the changes of Land Cover/Land Use (LC/LU) in the province of Rodriguez de Mendoza (Peruvian Amazon), through the methods of supervised classification of maximum probability and interdependent visual interpretation of images of the Landsat satellite, between the 1987–2001 and 2001–2016. Cross-tabulation matrices were constructed and annual change rates were calculated. The results show an accumulated loss of 918,59 km 2 of forest cover. The intensity of LC/LU and the deforestation rate were higher in the second period of analysis. It was evidenced that the high concentrations of loss of forest cover are close to the road and water network. The main causes of the loss of forests were the livestock activity and the migratory agricultural expansion to the small farm, favored by the accessibility of the transport infrastructures.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between the materiality of contemporary urban tourism and the response it receives from social movements opposing its expansion, and conclude that the social malaise found in tourist oversaturation is due to the disruption it causes to everyday life, including price increases and rising rents.
Abstract: espanolNo es turismofobia sino urbanofilia: percepciones de la turisficacion urbana de los grupos de interesEl desarrollo turistico afecta a centros urbanos prominentes en todo el mundo, causando un malestar social que ha sido etiquetado como "turismo-fobia.” El objetivo de nuestra contribucion es explicar la reciente aparicion de este termino al desentranar los vinculos entre la materialidad del turismo urbano contemporaneo y la respuesta que recibe de los movimientos sociales que se oponen a su expansion, intentando asi comprender las acepciones que los actores implicados en la turistificacion de la ciudad dan al termino. Para analizar estas dinamicas, recurrimos a la discusion de Lefebvre sobre el "derecho a la ciudad". Tomando el ejemplo de dos ciudades espanolas (Barcelona y Palma), usamos metodologias basadas en teoria fundamentada, entrevistas en profundidad, observacion participante, analisis de estrategias politicas discursivas e investigacion activista. Nuestros hallazgos indican que el malestar social que se encuentra en la sobresaturacion turistica se debe a la interrupcion que causa en la vida cotidiana. En consecuencia, la clase dominante, molesta por las movilizaciones por el derecho a la ciudad, ha descalificado e incluso criminalizado reivindicaciones legitimas, etiquetandolas de turismofobicas. Para concluir, proponemos una futura agenda de investigacion de estrategias por una mayor justicia y equidad social, a partir de returistificacion, desturistificacion o incluso decrecimiento turistico. EnglishTourism development affects prominent city centres worldwide, causing social unrest that has been labelled “tourism-phobia.” This article problematizes the recent appearance of this term by unravelling the links between the materiality of contemporary urban tourism and the response it receives from social movements opposing its expansion. We endeavour to understand the meaning that different actors involved in the city's touristification attach to this term, and in particular the perceptions of citizens’ movements that claim to espouse not tourism-phobia but urban-philia. To analyze these dynamics, we draw on Lefebvre’s discussion of the “right to the city” to highlight the extractive productive relations characterizing the tourism industry and the contestations such relations trigger. Taking the example of two Spanish cities (Barcelona and Palma), our findings indicate that the social malaise found in tourist oversaturation is due to the disruption it causes to everyday life, including price increases and rising rents. Consequently, the discomfort popular mobilisations have generated among the ruling class has led the latter to disqualify and even criminalise the former’s legitimate claims under the label of tourism-phobia. To conclude, we call for a future research agenda in pursuit of social justice and equity around re-touristification, de-touristification or even tourist degrowth.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the impact of tourism on the urban environment is presented, focusing on the causes, manifestations, and effects of tourism in the city of Madrid. But, the authors make a distinction between manifestations that only imply an intensification of previous problems and changes of probable disruptive scope, such as the proliferation of housing for tourist use.
Abstract: espanolLas ciudades son destinos turisticos de extraordinario dinamismo. Visitantes y actividades turisticas se concentran en los centros urbanos, sometidos a intensos procesos de turistificacion. A partir de revision bibliografica, se aborda un estudio de estos procesos atendiendo a sus causas, manifestaciones y efectos sobre la ciudad. El objetivo central del articulo es ayudar a clarificar un debate que ha transcendido el ambito academico para convertirse en un componente destacado de la agenda urbana contemporanea. A nivel de estado de la cuestion, se identifican puntos de continuidad y de innovacion en los estudios sobre el impacto del turismo en la ciudad. Respecto a la naturaleza del fenomeno, se diferencia entre manifestaciones que solo implican una intensificacion de problemas previos y cambios recientes de alcance disruptivo, caso de la proliferacion de las viviendas de uso turistico. EnglishCities are extraordinarily dynamic tourist destinations. Visitors and tourist activities are concentrated in urban centres, undergoing intense processes of touristification. Based on a bibliographic review, a study of these processes is undertaken, taking into account their causes, manifestations and effects on the city. The main objective of the article is to attempt to clarify a debate that has transcended the academic sphere to become an outstanding component of the contemporary urban agenda. On the level of the state of the question, points of continuity and innovation are identified in the studies about the impact of tourism in the city. With regard to the nature of the phenomenon, a distinction is made between manifestations that only imply an intensification of previous problems and changes of probable disruptive scope, such as the proliferation of housing for tourist use.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a theoretical analysis on the state of affairs in real estate dispossession and eviction in the context of both the Spanish crisis and the global trend towards the financialization of the world economy.
Abstract: The recent economic crisis in Spain has revealed the weakness of a real estate model based on an over-indebtedness that was upheld and promoted by the financial and political system. As the foundations of this system began to crumble, the socioeconomic consequences soon started to show; among them, a rise in evictions and foreclosures that is particularly relevant to the field of Geography. This paper has two main goals: First, to provide a theoretical reflection on the state of affairs in real estate dispossession and eviction in the context of both the Spanish crisis and the global trend towards the financialization of the world economy; and second, to offer a methodological interpretation based on a new study source, namely, the proceedings filed in the Centralized Service of Process and Attachments Offices of judicial districts, which allow to examine how the above mentioned phenomena translate in spatial terms. The results of the study emphasize the structural character of dispossession through legal action in our country’s secondary accumulation system as well as the need to move forward in the use of judicial records by means of a correct interpretation of proceedings and through the refining of the geographical information.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the level of implementation of smart solutions in four Spanish destinations: Donostia-San Sebastian, Madrid, Malaga and Valencia, and reveal that there is a gap between the Smart Tourist Destinations (SD) approaches and their operability in relation to the management of tourist overload.
Abstract: espanolSobrecarga turistica (overtourism) en espacios urbanos: el mito de las soluciones inteligentesEl rapido aumento de los flujos de turismo urbano genera problemas de sobrecarga turistica y plantea importantes retos para la gestion de la ciudad. En este escenario convergen a su vez nuevos paradigmas en la planificacion del turismo relacionados con los llamados Destinos Turisticos Inteligentes (DTI). El turismo inteligente y su nivel operativo abren nuevas vias de intervencion en la ciudad que pueden ayudar a gestionar la saturacion turistica. Por ello esta investigacion tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de implementacion de soluciones inteligentes en cuatro destinos urbanos espanoles: Donostia-San Sebastian, Madrid, Malaga y Valencia. La metodologia empleada combina la recopilacion documental de iniciativas y medidas recogidas en documentos de planificacion turistica con la realizacion de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los responsables de la estrategia Smart City y del proyecto DTI. Los resultados alcanzados permiten entrever un desfase entre los planteamientos del DTI, el nivel de implementacion de soluciones inteligentes y su operatividad en relacion con la gestion de la sobrecarga turistica. Apenas existe desarrollo de soluciones aplicadas a este tema, escasamente percibido aun como problematico desde la administracion local. No obstante, la necesidad de generar conocimiento util para la gestion de la sobrecarga turistica constituye un reto al que se enfrentan un numero creciente de destinos. EnglishThe rapid increase in urban tourism flows generates problems of tourist overcrowding and gives rise to important challenges for city management. Within this context, urban tourism planning is experiencing a convergence of new paradigms related to the so-called Smart Tourist Destinations (SD). Smart tourism and its operational level open up new avenues for intervention in the city which can help to manage overtourism. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the level of implementation of smart solutions in four Spanish destinations: Donostia-San Sebastian, Madrid, Malaga and Valencia. The methodology used combines the compilation of information on initiatives and measures found in public tourism planning documents with semi-structured interviews with those responsible for managing the Smart City strategy and the SD project. The results reveal that there is a gap between the SD approaches, the level of implementation of smart solutions and their operability in relation to the management of tourist overload. Almost no technological solutions have been developed to address this issue, which is barely perceived as a problem by local governments. However, the need to generate knowledge that is useful for managing tourist overload constitutes a challenge faced by a growing number of destinations.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the relationship between short-term rental platforms like Airbnb and urban transformation, and conclude that the growth of floating city-users is the main driver of urban change.
Abstract: espanolEl papel de Airbnb en la creacion de un "nuevo" centro de la ciudad vieja: hechos, problemas y controversias en PortoEl crecimiento del turismo urbano, favorecido por plataformas como Airbnb, esta cambiando drasticamente las ciudades. En toda Europa, los gobiernos locales se han enfrentado al crecimiento descontrolado de la llamada economia colaborativa y han desarrollado diferentes enfoques reglamentarios: una prohibicion total; laissez-faire; y la limitacion. Tomamos Porto como un caso-estudio, teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento significativo del turismo, de la Airbnb y de los usuarios flotantes en los ultimos dos anos de la ciudad. Utilizamos diferentes tipos de metodos cualitativos y cuantitativos (a saber, la base de datos oficial de Airdna) para analizar los principales cambios urbanos, el papel de Airbnb y el contexto de gobernanza. Llegamos a la conclusion de que el crecimiento de los usuarios flotantes de la ciudad, estimulado por Airbnb, parece ser el principal impulsor del cambio. Todavia, en Porto, la narrativa global de economia colaborativa y democratizacion del turismo de Airbnb resulta erronea, ya que su dinamica esta mas o menos relacionada con el crecimiento de la economia hotelera, los anfitriones profesionales y las concentraciones de renda y masificacion. En este contexto, ademas de laissez-faire, las preocupaciones de sostenibilidad urbana exigen enfoques regulatorios mas inteligentes asociados con visiones mas ampliamente compartidas, y objetivos claros a corto, medio y largo plazo. EnglishUrban tourism growth, favoured by short term rental platforms like Airbnb, is changing the cities dramatically. All over Europe local governments have been facing unbridled growth of the so-called sharing economy and developed different regulatory approaches: full prohibition; laissez-faire; and different sorts of limitations. We take Porto as a case-study, considering the exponential growth of tourism, Airbnb and floating city users over the past decade. We make use of qualitative and quantitative methods and draw on the official AirDNA database to analyse the relation between Airbnb and urban transformation, and the governance context. We conclude that the growth of floating city-users –stimulated by Airbnb– has been the main driver of urban change. The case of Porto –which in many ways illustrates the fast growth of short-term, rental-driven urban tourism in southern Europe– demonstrates that Airbnb’s global corporate narrative around property sharing, micro-entrepreneurship and tourism democratization hardly fits the urban reality of host professionalization, income concentration and growing massification. In this context, besides laissez-faire, urban sustainability concerns call for smarter regulatory approaches associated with more widely shared visions, and clear short, medium and long-term objectives.

14 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the impacts of the megaproject Santa Cruz Verde 2030 by means of document, spatial and statistical analyses, and outline the necessity of transparent planning and monitoring processes, in order to ensure the sustainability of this new urban quarter.
Abstract: espanol?De los megaproyectos a la gentrificacion turistica? El caso de Santa Cruz Verde 2030 (Islas Canarias, Espana)La refineria de petroleo en Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Espana) esta condicionando el urbanismo como empleador, pero tambien como agente contaminante y barrera urbanistica desde hace mas de 80 anos. El megaproyecto Santa Cruz Verde 2030 pretende transformar dicha zona en un barrio urbano con usos multiples. Basado en un analisis estadistico, urbanistico y documental, este ensayo analiza los impactos del megaproyecto. La transformacion implica un aumento de espacios verdes en un 39 %, mientras que el numero de camas en el sector turistico crece en un 70 %, lo que implica una turistificacion importante. Santa Cruz Verde 2030 simboliza un nuevo tipo de megaproyectos, caracterizado por usos multiples e imagenes de sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, los impactos podrian reconfigurar el urbanismo de la ciudad. En barrios colindantes, el megaproyecto conlleva diferentes consecuencias. En Los Llanos, la gentrificacion y el turismo estan fomentados. En Buenos Aires existe la oportunidad de integrar un barrio segregado en la ciudad. En este contexto, el ensayo esboza la necesidad de procesos de planificacion y monitorizacion transparentes que garanticen la sostenibilidad del proyecto. EnglishThe inner-city oil refinery in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, has been shaping the city’s urbanism as an employer, but also as a polluter and a physical barrier for more than 80 years. The megaproject Santa Cruz Verde 2030 aims at transforming this area into a mixed-use urban quarter. Based on a mixed methods approach, this paper analyses the impacts of the megaproject by means of document, spatial and statistical analyses. The project is estimated to increase the city’s green areas by 39 % and the number of hotel beds by 70 %, provoking a strong touristifaction. Santa Cruz Verde 2030 stands for a new type of megaprojects, offering a variety of uses and sustainability wordings. Nevertheless, the impacts might reconfigure the city’s urbanism as a whole, shifting centralities to its southwest. On a neighbourhood level, spillover effects are expected to have diverging consequences. While in the Los Llanos neighbourhood gentrification and tourism are fostered, in Buenos Aires the megaproject implies the opportunity to integrate this currently segregated quarter into the city. Against this background, the paper outlines the necessity of transparent planning and monitoring processes, in order to ensure the sustainability of this new urban quarter.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a geografia comercial de las ciudades es de elevado interes, especialmente cuando la urbanizacion and procesos como la gentrificacion han adquirido un caracter planetario.
Abstract: El estudio de la geografia comercial de las ciudades es de elevado interes, especialmente cuando la urbanizacion y procesos como la gentrificacion han adquirido un caracter planetario La literatura sobre la ciudad capitalista se ha centrado, por lo general, en la transformacion urbana, la dinamica del mercado de la vivienda o el desplazamiento de poblaciones autoctonas en relacion a las politicas neoliberales a diferentes escalas Sin embargo, en los ultimos anos y asociado a todo esto ha ganado peso el analisis del tejido comercial, en lo que este trabajo profundiza en un contexto urbano patrimonial Asi, se abordan los cambios en la geografia comercial del centro historico de Sevilla, planteando las hipotesis de la gentrificacion y la patrimonializacion a traves de la evolucion paralela de los establecimientos comerciales tradicionales y las franquicias y grandes firmas en el ultimo cuarto de siglo Para ello, el trabajo combina analisis cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre las diferentes fuentes bibliograficas y estadisticas existentes

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the conflicts generated by the recent tourist growth in the tourist city from the perspective of local social movements, and contrast the characteristics of the growth model in tourist city with the demands of social movements based on reconciling tourism with preserving and improving the quality of everyday life.
Abstract: espanolConflictos en la ciudad turistica desde la perspectiva de los movimientos sociales localesEsta investigacion aborda los conflictos generados por el crecimiento turistico reciente en la ciudad turistica desde la perspectiva de los movimientos sociales locales. Para ello primero, se revisan estos procesos de crecimiento, con especial atencion a la percepcion del exceso de turismo y al papel de las viviendas con fines turisticos. En segundo lugar, se reflexiona sobre los conflictos y las reacciones sociales que responden a la percepcion de impactos negativos del turismo en su espacio cotidiano. Se contrasta la revision teorica de manera aplicada a las ciudades de Malaga y Marbella. Los resultados evidencian que en las ciudades con turismo clasico de litoral ya existia la vivienda de alquiler desde sus origenes como destino y ahora se ha visibilizado porque las plataformas digitales lo han puesto en el mercado global; en ciudades con turismo urbano-cultural las viviendas son una nueva forma de alojamiento que genera nuevos conflictos; por ultimo, los resultados contrastan las caracteristicas del modelo crecentista en la ciudad turistica frente a las reivindicaciones de los movimientos sociales que cuya base es la compatibilidad del turismo con la preservacion y mejora de la calidad de la vida cotidiana. Los tres resultados constituyen oportunidades de investigacion. EnglishThis research addresses the conflicts generated by the recent tourist growth in the tourist city from the perspective of local social movements. First, these processes of growth are reviewed, with a particular focus on excess tourism and the role of tourist housing. Second, it reflects on the conflicts and the social reactions to the perception of negative impacts of tourism in its daily space. Third, the theoretical revision is contrasted and applied to the cities of Malaga and Marbella. The results show that in cities with classic coastal tourism rental housing have existed since their origins as a destination, and now it has become visible because technology platforms have placed it in the global market; meanwhile, in cities with urban-cultural tourism, housing is a new form of accommodation that generates new conflicts. Finally, the results contrast the characteristics of the growth model in the tourist city with the demands of social movements based on reconciling tourism with preserving and improving the quality of everyday life. The three results constitute research opportunities.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Beato Bergua, Salvador. El patrimonio natural de la Sierra del Aramo (Montana Central Asturiana) and the evolucion of its paisaje as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Beato Bergua, Salvador. El patrimonio natural de la Sierra del Aramo (Montana Central Asturiana) y la evolucion de su paisaje . Universidad de Oviedo (Espana), noviembre de 2018. Director: Dr. Miguel Angel Poblete Piedrabuena.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the declaration files of those vineyards' landscapes, and even those rejected or those that aspire to join them, and developed some observations for landscapes seeking inclusion on this list.
Abstract: Unesco has recognized eight cultural landscapes focused on vineyards as World Heritage Sites, all of them in Europe. These vineyards landscape, specifically included in the List because of the viticulture expression in territory, and others cultural landscape included because of the vineyards and also because of other scenery and cultural features, seem to stand out for their aesthetic quality, their deep tradition and their good adaptation to the requirements of the ecological environment and the market. But it is difficult to protect some vineyards and old cultural practices from extinction because of their lacking functionality and low adaptation capacity to the global market. Nevertheless, they contain valuable knowledge and traditions that, in some way, should receive protection and recognition. These landscapes should be granted some acknowledgement as important repositories of culture and tradition. By analysing the declaration files of those vineyards’ landscapes, and even those rejected or those that aspire to join them, we develop some observations for landscapes seeking inclusion on this list. At the same time, we defend a protection for the wine-growing landscapes of great cultural value, which are in danger of extinction because of the evolution of the modern vineyard, between aesthetics and functionality. Modern practices have often erased the "traditional" character of some vineyards, only recovered like an ornament and memory of the past.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a planificación inteligente de destinos como a nuevo paradigma of planificacion turistica is proposed, with the aim of aglutinar diferentes procesos and ante the posibilidad de que this enfoque pueda suponer una acentuación del papel del mercado in la planificada turista.
Abstract: La actividad turistica experimenta notables transformaciones, consecuencia de factores como la evolucion tecnologica, los cambios en la demanda y la aparicion de nuevos modelos de negocio. La interrelacion de estas dinamicas con los destinos turisticos plantea incognitas que afectan a la planificacion y a la propia evolucion hacia un turismo mas sostenible. La consiguiente necesidad de nuevos enfoques y paradigmas de planificacion fundamenta el presente trabajo, desde un enfoque teorico y conceptual, en el que se lleva a cabo un analisis evolutivo de la planificacion turistica en Espana y se debaten distintos planos, tales como el desgaste de los modelos teoricos de referencia; el descredito de la planificacion; el reto de la digitalizacion; la dificultad de aplicar nuevas tecnicas, metodos y fuentes de informacion; o la aparicion de dinamicas turisticas en la sociedad local que reconfiguran las relaciones entre residentes y turistas. El articulo plantea las bases de la planificacion inteligente de destinos como un nuevo paradigma de planificacion turistica, por su capacidad para aglutinar diferentes procesos y ante la posibilidad de que este enfoque pueda suponer una acentuacion del papel del mercado en la planificacion turistica, si no se reflexiona adecuadamente sobre su naturaleza y alcance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed-discourse analysis methodology that embraces both quantitative (Corpus Linguistics) and qualitative (Critical Discourse Analysis) tools has been selected to investigate whether these discursive constructions are competing for hegemony and, consequently, the ability to shape future scenarios, and to influence the neighborhood's social and geographical aspects.
Abstract: espanol?Hordas doradas o simplemente barbaros? Los discursos sobre el turismo, la turistificacion y la turismofobia en el barrio de Lavapies (Madrid)El barrio de Lavapies, como el conjunto de la ciudad de Madrid, esta experimentado en los ultimos anos un explosivo crecimiento turistico. En este contexto, estan empezando a aparecer en la prensa discursos criticos con el proceso, y, sobre todo, con el modelo de desarrollo basado en nuevas formas de alojamiento y en el uso de tecnologias que ponen directamente en contacto a oferentes y consumidores. Frente a estos, encontramos otras narrativas que defienden dicho modelo, y que apuestan por su desarrollo. La investigacion se plantea si dichas construcciones discursivas estan compitiendo por la hegemonia, y, en consecuencia, por su capacidad para configurar los escenarios de futuro e influir en la configuracion social y geografica del barrio. Con el fin de responder a esta pregunta se ha optado por una metodologia de analisis del discurso mixta, que incluye metodos cuantitativos (Linguistica de Corpus) y cualitativos (Analisis Critico del Discurso). Las conclusiones son que, aun cuando incipiente, la competencia discursiva por redefinir los terminos del debate en torno al turismo existe en Lavapies; y aun cuando limitado, dicho debate esta teniendo a su vez un impacto en la imagen percibida y en la realidad de este espacio del centro de Madrid. EnglishLike much of Madrid, the neighborhood of Lavapies has in recent years experienced explosive growth in tourism. In this context, critical discourses are beginning to appear in the press, especially in terms of the development model based on new types of accommodation and technologies that directly connect suppliers to consumers. To counter these discourses, we explore other narratives in defense of this model, which are committed to its development. Our investigation considers whether these discursive constructions are competing for hegemony and, consequently, the ability to shape future scenarios, and to influence the neighborhood’s social and geographical aspects. To this end, a mixed-discourse analysis methodology that embraces both quantitative (Corpus Linguistics) and qualitative (Critical Discourse Analysis) tools has been selected. Our conclusions are that a discursive competition for redefining the terms of the debate around tourism is currently at play in Lavapies, albeit in an incipient state; and that this debate is impacting the perceived image and reality of this area of central Madrid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the different forces involved in shaping the city of Ohrid (Macedonia del Norte) and demonstrate the manner in which the city has been transformed by tourism development.
Abstract: espanolDe una ciudad a una atraccion: la transformacion de Ohrid, Macedonia del NorteEste articulo evalua las diferentes fuerzas involucradas en la formacion de la ciudad de Ohrid (Macedonia del Norte) y demuestra la forma en que la ciudad se ha transformado por el desarrollo turistico. Como una ciudad post-socialista, el desarrollo de Ohrid tiene caracteristicas unicas en terminos de paisaje, dinamicas economicas y dimensiones funcionales. El objetivo del estudio se ha conseguido mediante un analisis de la validez y aplicacion del modelo de ciclo de vida del destino turistico (CVDT) con respecto a la evolucion del desarrollo turistico especificamente en Ohrid y en otras ciudades en general. El articulo destaca la conexion entre el contexto urbano de la ciudad y el desarrollo turistico. Los hallazgos indican que Ohrid actualmente esta en su fase de desarrollo y que su curva de ciclo de vida muestra una secuencia de doble ciclo, lo que significa que Ohrid esta atrayendo a muchos visitantes, alcanzando la etapa de madurez turistica. Desde una perspectiva practica, el estudio revela una falta de planificacion urbana y desarrollo turistico descontrolado. EnglishThis article assesses the different forces involved in shaping the city of Ohrid (North Macedonia) and demonstrates the manner in which the city has been transformed by tourism development. As a post-socialist city, the development of Ohrid has unique characters in terms of landscape, economic dynamics, and functional dimensions. The study's aim is also achieved by analyzing the validity and applicability of the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model with regard to the evolution of tourism development in Ohrid, specifically, and in other cities in general. The article emphasizes the connection between the city’s urban context and tourism development. The findings also indicate that Ohrid is currently in its Development stage and that its life cycle curve exhibits a double cycle sequence, meaning that Ohrid is attracting many visitors and has reached a state of tourism maturity. The article emphasizes the connection between the city’s urban context and tourism development. From a practical perspective, the study reveals a lack of urban planning and uncontrolled tourism development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an analisis llevado a cabo a traves de la aplicación de tecnicas de estadistica espacial junto a otras de analisión de patrones espaciales, se ha detectado la eficiencia de la estado espacial frente a otraves de otrás tecicoas, permitiendo descubrir destinos in los que se concentran elevados porcentajes de opiniones positivas, e.g.,
Abstract: Los continuos avances tecnologicos han supuesto ingentes progresos en las tecnologias de la informacion y de la comunicacion como la interaccion entre usuarios con la llegada de la Web 2.0. Dicho desarrollo ha transformado el sector turistico en numerosos aspectos como el origen de la reputacion online o la nueva modalidad de gestion de los alojamientos turisticos. En dicho escenario la presente investigacion aborda la reputacion en linea que presentaban los alojamientos de turismo rural en Extremadura durante el ano 2017, asi como su influencia en la gestion. Tras el analisis llevado a cabo a traves de la aplicacion de tecnicas de estadistica espacial junto a otras de analisis de patrones espaciales, se ha detectado la eficiencia de la estadistica espacial frente a otras tecnicas, permitiendo descubrir destinos en los que se concentran elevados porcentajes de opiniones positivas, otros donde prima la presencia de mayores valores de opiniones negativas, asi como la escasa gestion realizada por los responsables de los establecimientos ante sendas opiniones. Asimismo, se ha comprobado la notable influencia de la presencia de un rico patrimonio cultural a la hora de la eleccion del destino final, pues pese a existir opiniones negativas sobre un establecimiento y carecer este de gestiones correctas, la demanda continua seleccionandolo.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the effect of tourism on tourists in the centro historicico de Malaga, Spain, and find that tourists tend to be quite annoyed by the impact of tourism.
Abstract: espanolTurismofobia en los centros historicos: el caso de MalagaSe analizan las molestias que presentan los residentes en el centro historico de Malaga, debido a los impactos del turismo. La zona de estudio esta afectada por la perdida de poblacion y por molestias que presentan los residentes en espacios intensamente turisticos. Se indaga sobre la existencia de la turismofobia y los elementos que intervienen en la misma. Para ello se elaboro un cuestionario especifico sobre turismofobia, se distribuyeron y cumplimentaron 378 encuestas y se llevaron a cabo 10 entrevistas semiestructuras a residentes. Asi mismo, se confecciono una cartografia tematica que identifica espacialmente los principales problemas relacionados con las molestias a residentes. Esta investigacion es el primer estudio que analiza la turismofobia utilizando muestras estadisticamente fiables. Los resultados senalan la existencia de un colectivo de residentes bastante molesto (17,5 %) que se pueden denominar como turismofobicos, y un grupo bastante poco molesto (22,2 %), que se podria designar como turismofilicos. Hay variables sociodemograficas que son claves para interpretar estas actitudes, como son los casos del nivel de estudios y lugar de residencia. La distribucion espacial de las percepciones de las molestias debido al turismo es desigual en el centro historico de Malaga. EnglishThe annoyance presented by the residents in the historic centre of Malaga, due to the impact of tourism is analysed. The study area is affected by a declining population and problems presented by residents in intense tourism spaces. The existence of tourism-phobia and the elements involved in it are examined. To this end, a specific questionnaire was produced about tourism-phobia, 378 surveys were distributed and completed and 10 semi-structured interviews were carried out with residents. Likewise, a thematic map was created, spatially identifying the main problems relating to the nuisances to residents. This research is the first study that analyses tourism-phobia by using statistically reliable samples. The results show the existence of a group of residents who are quite annoyed (17.5 %) that can be classified as tourism-phobic and a group that is not very annoyed at all (22.2 %) that could be classed as tourism-philic. There are sociodemographic variables that are essential to interpreting these attitudes, such as the cases of the level of education and place of residence. The spatial distribution of the perceptions of the annoyance caused by tourism is uneven in the historic centre of Malaga.

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TL;DR: In this paper, diferent clasificaciónes of torrencialidad with respect to the problemas e impactos identificados in two areas mediterraneas contrastadas of la provincia de Malaga, one caracterizada by un clima mediterraneo subhumedo (Guadalhorce), and otra por un climas mediteraneo seco-semiarido (Axarquia).
Abstract: El incremento de la frecuencia de la torrencialidad en ambitos mediterraneos es una cuestion preocupante y no solo desde el punto de vista hidrogeomorfologico, sino tambien desde el humano, socioeconomico e infraestructural. La definicion del umbral de torrencialidad es clave para determinar la peligrosidad de un territorio determinado. En este estudio ajustamos diferentes clasificaciones de torrencialidad con los problemas e impactos identificados en dos areas mediterraneas contrastadas de la provincia de Malaga, una de ellas caracterizada por un clima mediterraneo subhumedo (Guadalhorce), y otra por un clima mediterraneo seco-semiarido (Axarquia). A partir del analisis de los datos pluviometricos de 18 observatorios (Red SAIH), los resultados determinan una escasa recurrencia de los eventos torrenciales predefinidos (>100 mm 24 h -1 ; >60 mm h -1 ), razon por la que proponemos el uso de un nuevo umbral de torrencialidad de menor duracion, pero mucha mas elevada intensidad (>10 mm 10 min -1 ), debido a que son muchos los episodios producidos por debajo de los umbrales anteriores, pero con consecuencias territoriales, como hemos constatado en el analisis mediatico. La precipitacion que se ajusta a este criterio ha sido definida como “precipitacion geomorfologica” por su elevada capacidad de generar alteraciones en los componentes superficiales del territorio. Este tipo de precipitacion presenta en ambos ambientes una alta recurrencia, un periodo de retorno practicamente anual y una elevada erosividad.

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TL;DR: A finales del siglo XVI se publico una importante obra conocida como Civitates Orbis Terrarum, con tres vistas de Sevilla de gran valor documental, que detallaron con verosimilitud su periferia urbana, junto a textos explicativos.
Abstract: A finales del siglo XVI se publico una importante obra conocida como Civitates Orbis Terrarum , con tres vistas de Sevilla de gran valor documental –dos de Hoefnagel y una copiada de Brambilla– que detallaron con verosimilitud su periferia urbana, junto a textos explicativos. Tras revisar su contexto, por primera vez se analiza el territorio extramuros representado: puerto, arrabales, murallas e hitos arquitectonicos en un entorno de caracter agrario. Ademas se consideran otras vistas y plagios, localizando sus miradores sobre aquel paisaje poco conocido y transformado por la ciudad actual.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of the fire in the configuration of the vegetal landscape of S. Bermeja during the last glacial maximum, in a context in which it seems that the fire had had a significant influence on the vegetation landscape.
Abstract: Pinus pinaster is a native conifer to the Western Mediterranean that occupies a wide range of geographical distribution, appearing in a great diversity of habitats. In the case of Sierra Bermeja (province of Malaga, southern Spain), the species integrates currently the predominant forests on serpentine soils. However, together with the fir forests of Abies pinsapo , this conifer has also been considered by certain authors as an introduced species in this territory. This fact and the isolated appearance of different species of arboreal Quercus have justified certain phytosociological theories defending the marginality of P. pinaster in front of the broad-leaved trees. This study, through the pedoanthracological analysis and later 14 C radiometric dating of charcoal samples, has allowed to establish the natural origin of the species on the ultramafic substrates and its presence in the massif along much of the Holocene. Also, of the obtained results seems to be inferred the role of refuge –probably the southernmost in Europe– that this massif could hold for this species during the last glacial maximum, in a context in which it seems that the fire had in the configuration of the vegetal landscape of S. Bermeja throughout the Holocene.

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TL;DR: More than 20 tourism and city plans were developed in Barcelona between 2010 and 2019, focusing on the strategic character that is attributed to tourism, its configurative potential of the city and its management needs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: espanolNo crucen la linea: planificacion de los limites del turismo en BarcelonaDurante el periodo 2010–2019 se llevan a cabo mas de 20 planes en la ciudad de Barcelona, algunos de los cuales con una afectacion directamente turistica. La nueva planificacion estrategica propone nuevos metodos de gobernanza al mismo tiempo que ensaya nuevos metodos de elaboracion y desarrollo; en cuanto a la planificacion turistica, los planes asumen que la condicion turistica es uno de los ejes centrales de la identidad urbana, de modo que, para mantener dicha identidad, es necesario limitar la actividad turistica. La nueva planificacion estrategica y turistica llevada a cabo durante el ultimo decenio tambien contribuye a la creacion de nuevas narrativas urbanas y turisticas. El articulo analiza los planes de turismo y de ciudad realizados entre 2010 y 2019 fijandose en el caracter estrategico que se atribuye al turismo, su potencial configurador de la ciudad y sus necesidades de gestion. EnglishMore than 20 plans were rolled out in Barcelona from 2010 to 2019, some of which have had a direct impact on tourism. The new strategic planning approach proposes new governance methods while testing new methods of preparing and developing such plans; as far as tourism planning is concerned, the plans assume that tourism is one of the central axes of urban identity, so that, in order to maintain this identity, it is necessary to limit tourist activity. The new strategic and tourism plans rolled out over the last decade have also contributed to the creation of new urban and tourism narratives. This article analyzes the tourism and city plans of Barcelona developed between 2010 and 2019, focusing on the strategic character that is attributed to tourism, its configurative potential of the city and its management needs.

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TL;DR: In this paper, a new conceptual proposal based on the combination of variables (space, time and society) when dealing with the process of overtourism in Santiago de Compostela is presented.
Abstract: Over the past decade, the concept of “overtourism” has been approached both theoretically and empirically. This research analyses it in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). It is the destination of an international urban tourism and of The Way of St. James, the First European Cultural itinerary and one of the most important pilgrimage routes in the World. Its marketing promotion since 1993 has produced a continuous growth that is translated into an increasing number of pilgrims’ arrivals. Tourism and pilgrimage data of the last years raise debates about the carrying capacity and overtourism in an historical centre of 169,9 hectares. For all that, the main aim of this work is to reflect on the contemporary evolution marked by these tourism trends and, above all, to introduce reflections and opinions of different local stakeholders to support a sustainable tourism development. From the methodological point of view, multiple approaches to contemporary tourism research are adopted and quantitative and qualitative methodologies are combined. The results introduce a new conceptual proposal based on the combination of variables (space, time and society) when dealing with the process of overtourism in Santiago de Compostela.

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TL;DR: In this article, a diachronic analysis of both processes is carried out and the variations in their intensity are evaluated to do this, and two scales have been worked on, the provincial one to obtain a comparative vision of the distribution of the processes, and a more detailed one, to identify accurately which are the territorial changes that explain the main increases and decreases in erosion and flooding.
Abstract: The rexistatic characteristics of eco-geomorphological systems in Mediterranean environments predispose to the existence of certain risks of flooding and soil erosion. These are fast answer geo-systems to change and very sensitive to land uses changes. This paper uses a large and significant region such as Malaga province to assess how the land uses has acted positively or negatively on these risks. A diachronic analysis of both processes is carried out and the variations in their intensity are evaluated to do this. Runoff threshold and the potential erosion of soils have been used as indicators, and two scales have been worked on, the provincial one, to obtain a comparative vision of the distribution of the processes, and a more detailed one, to identify accurately which are the territorial changes that explain the main increases and decreases in erosion and flooding. In the two selected periods, the results show the geographic distribution of both risks, and, on the other hand, the influence that processes such as littoralization, tourism, periurbanization, forest fires or reforestations have had on them.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the plans with respect to the supply offered on AirBnB to evaluate both the degree of touristification of the housing market and the timeliness and efficacy of the regulations passed.
Abstract: espanolLa legislatura 2015–2019 en Madrid y Barcelona ha estado marcada por el intento de regulacion del alquiler vacacional. En Barcelona, la presion vecinal motivo la aprobacion del Plan Especial Urbanistico de Alojamiento Turistico (PEUAT) en enero de 2017. En Madrid se aprobo el Plan Especial de Hospedaje (PEH) dos anos despues. En este caso, los agentes economicos y parte de la administracion abogaban por una regulacion laxa bajo el argumento de “no estar tan mal como Barcelona”, pese a admitir cierta turistificacion del tejido residencial. Pero, ?es cierta esta afirmacion? Esta investigacion proporciona una revision actualizada de estos planes revisitando los contextos sociales y politicos que los enmarcan. Se han comparado en contenido el PEH y el PEUAT con respecto a la oferta publicada en AirBnB —atendiendo a sus caracteristicas y distribucion a lo largo del tiempo para evaluar tanto el grado de turistificacion del parque inmobiliario, como la idoneidad y eficiencia de las normas zonales aprobadas. Los resultados verifican que ambos planes tratan de contener la turistificacion residencial de los distritos centrales. Sin embargo, la disparidad de criterios de zonificacion, asi como su aprobacion reactiva tras la posible consolidacion de la oferta profesionalizada de apartamentos, podrian comprometer su eficacia. EnglishThe 2015–2019 term has been characterized by the attempts of regulating the vacational rentals in Madrid and Barcelona. The social pressure motivated the approval of the Special Touristic Accommodation Plan (PEUAT) of Barcelona in January 2017. Similarly, Madrid approved the Special Accommodation Plan (PEH) two years after. However, the economic agents and part of the administration advocated for a softer regulation under the premise of “not being as crowded as Barcelona” —despite admitting certain saturation of the housing market. But, is that assumption correct? This work provides an updated review of both plans revisiting their social and political contexts. To do so, the plans have been compared with respect to the supply offered on AirBnB —analyzing its characteristics and spatial distribution along the term to evaluate both the degree of ‘touristification’ of the housing market, and the timeliness and efficacy of the regulations passed. The results remark that both plans try to contain residential touristification in the central districts. However, the disparities among zoning criteria, as well as their reactive approval after the potential consolidation of a professionalized supply of apartments, may have compromised their efficacy.

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TL;DR: In this paper, formaciones vegetales with presencia of Taxus baccata situadas en la Sierra del Aramo, the composicion floristica de dichas comunidades, su distribucion and estado were analyzed.
Abstract: Se analizan las formaciones vegetales con presencia de Taxus baccata situadas en la Sierra del Aramo, la composicion floristica de dichas comunidades, su distribucion y estado. La investigacion se ha fundamentado en el trabajo de campo y las herborizaciones fitosociologicas que han desvelado la relevancia de este taxon en el paisaje vegetal y la singularidad de algunos ejemplares y poblaciones. El estado de los tejos que forman parte del matorral petrano y la falta de brinzales en varias comunidades hace necesario plantear medidas para revertir su dinamica negativa. Asimismo, se ensaya el analisis pedoantracologico en dos ubicaciones por encima del limite superior del bosque, en zonas actualmente deforestadas. Los resultados demuestran la presencia de tejos en el Aramo desde la Edad del Bronce y ponen de manifiesto un cambio en el paisaje en consonancia cronologica con los hallazgos arqueologicos sobre la ocupacion humana de las montanas del Macizo Asturiano.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present una riqueza de información aportada por expertos en IDE y usuarios (investigadores, tecnicos, and docentes), cuyo analisis ha permitido concluir que, a pesar del interes de los datos existentes en las IDE for la comprension del territorio, existen barreras todavia que frenan su empleo, principalmente derivadas de su complejidad.
Abstract: La creciente importancia de los datos como materia prima exige al docente prestar una mayor atencion a los mismos. Los servicios y visores de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE), mantenidos por los organismos publicos responsables de ellos, ofrecen una gran riqueza de datos geograficamente referenciados o geodatos, lo que constituye un excelente recurso docente. Esos datos son libres, abiertos, ofrecen la ventaja de su calidad, interoperabilidad, transparencia, reutilizacion, facilidad de acceso y actualizacion, a veces en tiempo real, y con ellos, el estudiante puede alcanzar una comprension del territorio mas precisa. Se ha valorado la utilidad de su empleo a traves de la tecnica Delphi. Con ella, se ha reunido una gran riqueza de informacion aportada por expertos en IDE y usuarios (investigadores, tecnicos y docentes), cuyo analisis ha permitido concluir que, a pesar del interes de los datos existentes en las IDE para la comprension del territorio, existen barreras todavia que frenan su empleo, principalmente derivadas de su complejidad.

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TL;DR: In this article, a morphogenetic approach is used to identify and characterize urban forms of new contemporary urban landscapes, and the influence of spatial configuration on land-use mix is evaluated based on a quantitative approach.
Abstract: espanolTradicionalmente, la forma urbana se ha usado como medio para entender los espacios urbanos. A pesar de ello, este conocimiento se ha efectuado especialmente en cascos antiguos y grandes ciudades, y el alcance de sus enfoques y metodos ha sido muy limitado en planificacion y diseno. En base a estas limitaciones el articulo plantea (a) la identificacion y caracterizacion de formas urbanas de los nuevos paisajes urbanos contemporaneos apoyandose en un enfoque morfogenetico, y (b) la evaluacion de la influencia en la configuracion espacial sobre la diversidad de usos apoyandose en el enfoque cuantitativo. Mientras que un enfoque morfogenetico revela diferentes formas urbanas con relacion a la configuracion espacial de las manzanas, parcelas, edificios, calles, plazas y zonas verdes, el enfoque cuantitativo, apoyado en las tecnicas spacemate, diagrama n y el modelo de mezcla urbana funcional nos informa de propiedades espaciales de las formas urbanas y, a traves del analisis factorial e inferencial, nos ayuda a evaluar la influencia de dichas propiedades en la diversidad de usos. Este articulo contribuye al debate conceptual y combinacion de metodos en el estudio del grado de influencia del espacio (forma urbana) en la actividad humana (diversidad de usos) sirviendo ademas para guiar la planificacion y diseno urbanos. EnglishTraditionally, urban form has been used to understand urban spaces. However, this knowledge has mainly focused on historic city centers and large cities, and the scope of their approaches and methods has been very limited in the planning practice and urban design. Based on these limitations, the article proposes (a) the identification and characterization of urban forms of new contemporary urban landscapes based on a morphogenetic approach, and (b) the evaluation of the influence of spatial configuration on land-use mix based on a quantitative approach. On the one hand, the morphogenetic approach reveals different urban forms in relation to the spatial configuration of blocks, plots, buildings, streets, plazas and green areas. On the other, the quantitative approach, supported by the spacemate technique, the n diagram and the functional urban mix model, firstly informs us of the spatial properties of urban forms and secondly, through factorial and inferential analyses, helps us to evaluate the influence of these properties on the diversity of uses. To sum up, this article contributes to the conceptual debate and combination of methods in the study of the degree of influence of space (urban form) on human activity (land use mix) but also serves to guide urban planning and design.

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TL;DR: In this paper, a lectura del desarrollo del turismo en el medio rural a traves del marco de la transferencia of los programas LEADER and Planes en Destino, instrumentos de la Politica Europea de Desarrollos Rural and de la POLITICA Turistica nacional, respectivamente.
Abstract: Cuando se cumplen casi tres decadas desde el arranque del turismo rural en Espana, se percibe un deficit de atencion a la circulacion de los instrumentos y modelos que han marcado su desarrollo. Sin embargo, los procesos de recomposicion del medio rural europeo estan profundamente afectados por flujos globales de politicas publicas en las que el turismo ocupa un lugar predominante. Por ello esta investigacion propone una lectura del desarrollo del turismo en el medio rural a traves del marco de la transferencia de los programas LEADER y Planes en Destino, instrumentos de la Politica Europea de Desarrollo Rural y de la Politica Turistica nacional, respectivamente. Adoptando el marco analitico propuesto por Dolowitz y Marsh (2000) se hace recapitulacion de la literatura que estudia la implantacion de ambas politicas con el objetivo de sistematizar y caracterizar su transferencia. En particular, se aporta el estudio de su contenido desde una perspectiva evolutiva atendiendo a los modelos de turismo que se ponen en circulacion.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the role that other sources can acquire, specifically wine labels, as a tool that contributes information to the studies of the wine landscape, in addition to becoming a commercial resource for the promotion of wine and territory.
Abstract: The use of visual sources such as painting, photography, maps or films provides valuable information on the various dynamics that have taken place in the landscape over time. They show us the elements that remain in a territory, those that disappear, and the new ones that are incorporated. In the case of the wine landscape, these sources offer information on the relationship between the relief and the vineyard, the plantation systems used or the designs of the wineries, as well as the transformations that have occurred in recent decades. This paper analyzes the role that other sources can acquire, specifically wine labels, as a tool that contributes information to the studies of the wine landscape. They portray elements that make up the said landscape such as vineyards, wineries and field labour, as well as other components of the geographical space, in addition to becoming a commercial resource for the promotion of wine and territory.