Brazilian Journal of Botany 

About: Brazilian Journal of Botany is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 0100-8404. Over the lifetime, 1771 publications have been published receiving 31531 citations. The journal is also known as: Brazilian Journal of Botany = Revista Brasileira de Botânica & Brazilian Journal of Botany.

How and why to measure the germination process

Abstract: In the last two centuries, papers have been published including measurements of the germination process. High diversity of mathematical expressions has made comparisons between papers and some times the interpretation of results difficult. Thus, in this paper is included a review about measurements of the germination process, with an analysis of the several mathematical expressions included in the specific literature, recovering the history, sense, and limitations of some germination measurements. Among the measurements included in this paper are the germinability, germination time, coefficient of uniformity of germination (CUG), coefficient of variation of the germination time (CVt), germination rate (mean rate, weighted mean rate, coefficient of velocity, germination rate of George, Timson’s index, GV or Czabator’s index; Throneberry and Smith’s method and its adaptations, including Maguire’s rate; ERI or emergence rate index, germination index, and its modifications), uncertainty associated to the distribution of the relative frequency of germination (U), and synchronization index (Z). The limits of the germination measurements were included to make the interpretation and decisions during comparisons easier. Time, rate, homogeneity, and synchrony are aspects that can be measured, informing the dynamics of the germination process. These characteristics are important not only for physiologists and seed technologists, but also for ecologists because it is possible to predict the degree of successful of a species based on the capacity of their harvest seed to spread the germination through time, permitting the recruitment in the environment of some part of the seedlings formed.

Fenologia de espécies arbóreas em floresta de planície litorânea do sudeste do Brasil

Abstract: The present study aimed to characterize the reproductive and leafing phenology of tree species of a coastal-plain forest from Southeastern Brazil and to relate the observed patterns with the local biotic and abiotic factors. The study was carried out in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Nucleo de Picinguaba, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo State (23°22'30"S; 44°46'-44°51'45"W). The climate is tropical-wet, with a high rainfall well distributed throughout the year. Monthly observations were carried out from July 1993 to June 1994 on 290 individuals of 46 tree species. The leaf fall was considered non-seasonal (Rayleigh test not significantly), while leaf flushing > 25%, flowering and fruiting were defined as weakly seasonal (Rayleigh test significantly, but low r values). Flowering and leaf flushing were more intense during the wettest months, from November to February. Fruit production was constant along the year. Ninety percent of the species were defined as evergreen and 87% of the species present animal-dispersed fruits. The phenological patterns observed for the coastal-plain forest at Picinguaba were weakly seasonal, contrasting with the very seasonal patterns found in the semideciduous forests from Southeastern Brazil.

Comparação de dois métodos de avaliação da fenologia de plantas, sua interpretação e representação

Abstract: This work compared two methods of plant phenological evaluation along with their graphical representation. The study was conducted at the Nucleo Picinguaba, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo State (23o22' S and 44o48' W), Brazil, in three Atlantic forest types: coastalplain, lowland, and premontane forest. Observations on flowering, fruiting, leaf fall and leaf flushing tree phenology were carried out monthly from November/1994 to April/1996. We compared i) the Fournier's percent index of intensity - the intensity of phenological events was estimated according to an interval scale varying from 0 to 4, with a 25% interval between classes; and ii) index of activity or percent of individuals. The index of activity and the Fournier's percent index of intensity provided distinct and complementary information, optimizing the data collection and making the analysis and interpretation of phenological patterns more simple and straightforward. We suggest the combined use of the two methods in the estimation and representation of species-level phenological data, and the proper differentiation between peak of activity and peak of intensity.

An overview of invasive plants in Brazil.

Abstract: An overview of invasive plants in Brazil). Alien plants are known to occur in Brazil since the 18 th century when African grasses started to be recorded in pastures near Rio de Janeiro. In the beginning of the 19 th century two royal decrees (July, 1809 and July, 1810) offered grants and tax exemption to everyone who would introduce plants of economic value. Nowadays, there are 117 plant species recognized as invasive or established and with invasive potential in Brazil and an unknown number of introduced plant species. Some of the most pervasive invasive species are Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Hedychium coronarium Konig in tropical ombrophilous forest, Hovenia dulcis Thunb. in subtropical ombrophilous forest and subtropical semi-deciduous forest, Pinus taeda L. and Pinus elliottii Engelm. in subtropical ombrophilous forest and steppe, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. in stepic-savanna, Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth in tropical and subtropical semi-deciduous forest, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. in the Brazilian savannas, and Eragrostis plana Nees in the steppe. The purpose of this article is to fill a knowledge gap on alien species that are invasive in Brazil and where they are invading by summarizing data obtained by joint efforts of the Horus Institute for Environmental Conservation and Development, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network (IABIN) invasive species thematic network (I3N), and the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA) in the last six years.

Tropical inselbergs: habitat types, adaptive strategies and diversity patterns

Abstract: Inselbergs are isolated rock outcrops that rise abruptly above the surrounding plains. Granitic and gneissic inselbergs are geologically and geomorphologically old and occur throughout a broad spectrum of climatic zones. They form microclimatically and edaphically dry growth sites that support a highly specialized vegetation. Based on physiognomic criteria a number of habitat types can be distinguished that are widespread on inselbergs (e.g. ephemeral flush vegetation, monocotyledonous mats, rock pools). Three hot spots of global inselberg plant diversity can be identified which are both rich in species and endemics: a) southeastern Brazil, b) Madagascar and c) southwestern Australia.