Journal•ISSN: 0079-6034
Chemical immunology and allergy
Karger Publishers
About: Chemical immunology and allergy is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Immune system & Immunoglobulin E. It has an ISSN identifier of 0079-6034. Over the lifetime, 310 publications have been published receiving 9690 citations.
Topics: Immune system, Immunoglobulin E, Allergy, Antigen, Food allergy
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TL;DR: The structures and activities of these AMPs, as well as the signalling cascades, which lead to their induction upon detection of infectious non-self are reviewed.
Abstract: The production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important aspect of host-defence in multicellular organisms Biochemical analysis of the hemolymph of the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster and other Diptera has led to the discovery of eight classes of AMPs These peptides can be grouped into three families based on their main biological targets, gram-positive bacteria (defensin), gram-negative bacteria (cecropins, drosocin, attacins, diptericin, MPAC), or fungi (drosomycin, metchnikowin) Drosophila AMPs are synthesized by the fat body in response to infection, and secreted into the blood Most of them can also be induced in surface epithelia in a tissue-specific manner Finally, some of them are constitutively expressed in defined tissues, such as the salivary glands or the reproductive tract We review here the structures and activities of these AMPs, as well as the signalling cascades, which lead to their induction upon detection of infectious non-self
365 citations
TL;DR: The role of gamma/delta T cells is discussed as a bridge between the innate and the adaptive immune system, based on the interpretation that Gamma/d delta T cells use their T cell receptor as a pattern recognition receptor.
Abstract: While most T cells use a CD3-associated α/β T cell receptor as antigen recognition
structure, a second population of T cells expresses the alternative γ/δ T cell receptor. γ/δ
T cells are a minor po
273 citations
TL;DR: An excessive maternal inflammatory response, perhaps directed against foreign fetal antigens, results in a chain of events including shallow trophoblast invasion, defective spiral artery remodelling, placental infarction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and placental fragments in the systemic circulation.
Abstract: Preeclampsia is a placenta-dependent disorder with both local and systemic anomalies
with neonatal and maternal morbidity. It is manifested late in pregnancy, but the onset is during
early stages of
262 citations
TL;DR: Toll-like receptors are critical molecules to induce not only inflammatory responses but also fine-tuned adaptive immune responses depending on invading pathogens and provide their signalling specificities.
Abstract: The recognition of microbes by innate immune cells initiates activation of the whole immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to recognize various components of invading pathogens. At present, the natural ligands for almost all TLR members have been identified. TLRs are expressed on many types of cells including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). The recognition of invading microbes by TLRs on DCs induces proinflammatory cytokine production and enhanced antigen presentation to naive T cells, and finally activates antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. The sequential activation of innate and subsequent adaptive immunity are crucial steps to eradicate invading pathogens. Recently, the TLR signalling pathway has been intensively investigated. Accumulating evidence indicates that, at least, four adaptor molecules are involved in TLR signalling and provide their signalling specificities. Distinct TLR ligands provide distinct activation status and cytokine production patterns for antigen presenting cells, resulting in the induction of differential immune responses. Thus, TLRs are critical molecules to induce not only inflammatory responses but also fine-tuned adaptive immune responses depending on invading pathogens.
230 citations
TL;DR: The data revise the tenet that the cornea is immune privileged due to a lack of resident lymphoreticular cells per se, but suggest that the Cornea is capable of actively participating in the immune response to foreign antigens and autoantigens, rather than being a passive bystander.
Abstract: Corneal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were thought to reside exclusively in the peripheral
cornea. However, recent evidence demonstrates that the central cornea is also endowed
with a heterogeneou
177 citations