Showing papers in "Clinics in Chest Medicine in 1992"

TL;DR: Evidence exists linking REM sleep to an increased risk of myocardial ischemia, infarction, sudden death, and stroke in men who habitually snore, and there is reasonable information indicating excessive mortality in the absence of treatment.

TL;DR: In conclusion, it is important to appreciate the anatomic and physiologic adaptations in pregnancy in order to accurately diagnose and treat cardiopulmonary disease states in the gravid woman.

TL;DR: The evaluation and management of a patient with an SPN is guided by principles that were derived from earlier surgical studies, and the physician must be aware of the patient's anxieties, fears, and attitude and provide an opportunity for active participation by the patient in the decision-making process.

TL;DR: Findings add a new dimension to the understanding of the pathophysiologic effects of OSA on the cardiovascular system by demonstrating that the LV is a structure that may suffer functional impairment secondary to the stresses imposed by OSA.

TL;DR: Treatment of idiopathic CSA is a relatively benign condition in which cardiorespiratory failure is not a feature, but the use of nocturnal nasal CPAP appears to be quite effective.

TL;DR: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can affect pregnancy, posing risks to mother and fetus, and treatment requires considering antimicrobial appropriateness and safety, choosing therapy in line with guidelines, but considering maternal and fetal risk.

TL;DR: The initial evaluation should occur simultaneously with efforts to control the patient's airway and respiratory status, andTherapeutic interventions can be directed with an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and estimated rate of blood loss.

TL;DR: Several studies show that patients with untreated sleep apnea are poor drivers and have two to three times more auto accidents than other drivers and that almost one quarter of these patients report frequently falling asleep while driving.

TL;DR: Through a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OSA, better treatment modalities should be developed, resulting in improved quality of life for OSA patients.

TL;DR: Estimates indicate that occupation remains an important cause of lung cancer, and both epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggest that dietary factors may modify the risk of lungcancer.

TL;DR: Although tracheostomy is performed most commonly for ventilator-dependent patients who have had prolonged periods of endotracheal intubation, it is still necessary and used for other airway problems.

TL;DR: Future efforts should be directed toward better defining the long-term impact of pregnancy on the natural history of CF and more precisely defining the pregravid parameters useful in predicting outcome for both mother and child.

TL;DR: Hard metal is a mixture of tungsten carbide and cobalt, to which small amounts of other metals may be added, and is widely used for industrial purposes whenever extreme hardness and high temperature resistance are needed.

TL;DR: This article outlines an approach to management for injuries to the lung, heart, esophagus, tracheobronchial tree, diaphragm, and major thoracic vessels and the management of rib fractures, scapula fractures, sternal fractures, and flail chest with associated pulmonary contusion.

TL;DR: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are relatively frequent occurrences in pregnancy and the postpartum period and patients with deficiencies of antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S as well as patients with antiphospholipid antibodies are at increased risk forThrombotic complications and require particular vigilance during pregnancy.

TL;DR: The most common causes of acute respiratory failure in pregnancy are sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, and amniotic fluid embolism as mentioned in this paper, however, no specific therapy has as yet been proven effective for ARDS, other than treating the underlying cause.

TL;DR: After decades of decline, tuberculosis case rates are again increasing in the United States, with increases have been most dramatic among minority young adults of childbearing age.

TL;DR: Upper airway imaging provides some insights into the mechanism of action of certain treatments and is increasingly used to help direct treatment.

TL;DR: The evaluation of the tired patient requires an awareness of the various meanings of tiredness, and it is important to differentiate normal sleepiness that is a product of circadian rhythm variation in vigilance from pathologic sleepiness.

TL;DR: The article reviews recent data on hospital-related asthma and exposures to potential respiratory hazards such as antineoplastic agents, anesthetic gases, and ethylene oxide.

TL;DR: Clinical data for ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulates at contemporary levels indicate potentially untoward or adverse physiologic or clinical responses in healthy individuals and sensitive groups such as children, adolescents, and asthmatic patients.

TL;DR: Although many women report sleep disturbance during pregnancy, those with severe snoring, observed irregular breathing with sleep, or excessive daytime somnolence should be referred for clinical polysomnography and nasal CPAP would appear to be the treatment of choice.

TL;DR: Although the indications for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea are controversial, there is general agreement that treatment is warranted in patients with a combined apnea and hypopnea frequency of 20 events per hour of sleep.

TL;DR: Transthoracic needle aspiration is a safe and highly accurate method in the diagnosis of intrathoracic malignancy and should be considered as the procedure of choice in metastatic disease, mediastinal masses, small peripheral nodules, and chest wall involvement.

TL;DR: The cardiopulmonary and clinical findings of pregnancy as well as specific disease indicators in the more common causes of cardiac and pulmonary dyspnea during pregnancy are described.

TL;DR: Lung disease among farm workers can result from a wide variety of hazardous exposures that include organic dusts, chemicals, and toxic gases, which need to be recognized and prevented.

TL;DR: Patients with severe restrictive lung disease (i.e., vital capacity < 1 L) should be advised to avoid pregnancy or consider therapeutic abortion, and women with unstable scolioses at the time of pregnancy can demonstrate progression of the curve with the pregnancy.

TL;DR: The incidence, clinical manifestations, and, where appropriate, therapeutic options of these disorders are discussed.

TL;DR: Patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders are vulnerable at night when alterations in ventilatory mechanics and control associated with their disease are imposed on the changes in mechanics and Control associated with sleep.

TL;DR: The mechanisms, pathophysiologic consequences, and treatment of REM hypoxemia, which occurs during REM sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, are discussed.