Showing papers in "Cytologia in 2017"

Cytogenetic Study of Three Microhylid Species (Anura, Microhylidae) from Thailand

Abstract: 1 Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 40001, Thailand 2 Program in Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand 3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 4 Program in Biology, Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand 5 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 7 Research Group on Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

Chromosomal Characteristics of the Tropical Oyster, Crassostrea belcheri Sowerby, 1871 (Ostreoida, Ostreidae) by Conventional and Ag-NOR Banding Techniques

Abstract: 1 Research Group on Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Marine Shellfish Breeding Research Unit, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang Campus, Trang 92150, Thailand 4 Program in Biology, Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand

Visualization of Chromatin Loci with Transiently Expressed CRISPR/Cas9 in Plants

Abstract: Labeling of specific DNA sequences in living organisms is important for understanding the mechanism of gene regulation during development, differentiation, and environmental adaptation. Here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based chromatin visualization system in plants. We adapted the mammalian nuclease-dead Cas9fluorescent protein (dCas9-FP) system to a plant expression vector. Transient expression of dCas9-FP and single guide RNA (sgRNA) for telomeric sequences efficiently labeled telomere repeats in tobacco.

First Chromosome Analysis of the Humpback Cardinalfish, Fibramia lateralis (Perciformes, Apogonidae)

Abstract: 1 Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 2 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 4 Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Muang, Surin 32000, Thailand 5 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand 6 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

Standardized Karyotype and Idiogram of Bengal Monitor Lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Squamata, Varanidae)

Abstract: 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Muang 50200, Thailand 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 3 Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin, Muang 32000, Thailand 4 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 5 Research Group on Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand

Role of Potassium Nitrate (KNO 3 ) in Alleviation of Detrimental Effects of Salt Stress on Some Physiological and Cytogenetical Parameters in Allium cepa L.

Abstract: In this work, the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on the seed germination, seedling growth (radicle length, radicle number and fresh weight), mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations of Allium cepa L. germinated under both normal conditions and salt stress were studied. The final germination percentages, radicle lengths, radical numbers and fresh weights of onion seeds germinated in the medium with KNO3 alone were statistically the same as ones of the control seeds germinated in distilled water medium. In addition, the mitotic index in root tip meristems of A. cepa seeds germinated in the medium with KNO3 alone demonstrated a decrease according to ones of the control seeds germinated in distilled water medium, while their frequency of chromosomal aberrations showed an increase according to the control. On the other hand, salt stress considerably inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of A. cepa. Furthermore, it markedly decreased the mitotic index in root tip meristems of the seeds and increased the number of chromosomal aberrations. The detrimental effects of salt on the seed germination, seedling growth, mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations was dramatically alleviated in varying degrees by KNO3 application.

Cytotoxic assessment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from a domestic wastewater canal with heavy metal contamination.

Abstract: 1 Research Group on Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 2 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai, Muang 43000, Thailand 3 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Muang 50200, Thailand 5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 6 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand

Mutagenic Effectivity of Cadmium Sulphide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Physiological and Cytological Attributes of Lathyrus sativus L.

Abstract: Dry seeds (moisture content: 17.50%) of Lathyrus sativus L. (Family: Fabaceae, common name̶ grass pea) are exposed (doses: 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 μg mL-1, duration: 3 and 6 h) to chemically synthesized cadmium sulphide and copper oxide nanoparticle (NP) treatments for assessment of genotoxic potentiality. The objective of the work is to foresee whether the NPs possess effective mutagenic potentiality. Result is significant in the direction of underlined objective.

Capsaicinoids Production and Accumulation in Epidermal Cells on the Internal Side of the Fruit Pericarp in ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (Capsicum chinense)

Abstract: Capsaicinoids are pungent components that are produced only in the genus Capsicum. These functional compounds are produced in chili pepper fruits and have health benefits for humans. A high capsaicinoid level is one of the major parameters determining the commercial quality and health-promoting properties of chili peppers. Several reports have indicated that capsaicinoids are produced in the interlocular septum of chili pepper fruits. Microscopic analyses show that there are morphological changes in epidermal cells in the interlocular septum during the capsaicinoid-biosynthesis stages of fruit development. Epidermal cells containing capsaicinoids in the interlocular septum had an elongated shape. Recently, it was reported that capsaicinoids and transcripts of genes encoding enzymes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis were present in the fruit pericarp of extremely pungent chili cultivars. However, the morphological changes in epidermal cells in pericarp tissue had not been reported. In this study, microscopic analyses of the fruit of Capsicum chinense cv. ‘Bhut Jolokia,’ an extremely pungent chili pepper variety, revealed elongated epidermal cells secreting capsaicinoids on the inside surface of the pericarp.

Karyotype and Idiogram of the Axis Deer (Axia axis, Cervidae) by Conventional Staining, GTG-, High-Resolution GTG-, and Ag-NOR-Banding Techniques

Abstract: 1 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 3 Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand 4 Agricultural Technology Division, Department Technology and Industries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani Campus), Muang, Pattani 94000, Thailand 5 Program in Biology, Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand

Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in the Droseraceae by Flow Cytometry

Abstract: 1 Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9–1–1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862–8652, Japan 2 Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9–1–1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862–8652, Japan 3 Science Education (Biology), Faculty of Education, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagito, Gifu 501–1193, Japan 4 Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic

The First Report on Chromosome Analysis of F 1 Hybrid Catfish: Mekong Giant Catfish ( Pangasianodon gigas )×Striped Catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) and Spot Pangasius ( Pangasius larnaudii )× Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Siluriformes, Pangasiidae)

Abstract: 1 Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phang Khon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand 2 Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Sansai, Chiangmai 50290, Thailand 3 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 4 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand 5 Major of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahasarakham Rajabhat University, Muang, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand

Chromosomal Characteristics of the Three-Spot Damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) in Thailand

Abstract: 1 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand 3 Department of Technology and Industries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani), Muang, Pattani 94000, Thailand 4 School of Agricultural of Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand 5 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand

Cytological Investigations on Eight Carex Species in Korea (Cyperaceae)

Abstract: Carex L. is one of the most species-rich genera in the flora of Korea with about 157 taxa. Somatic or meiotic chromosome numbers of eight Carex taxa from the Korean Peninsula are reported, including first counts for C. macrandrolepis H. Lév. (n=37II) and C. splendentissima U. Kang & J. M. Chung (2n=12). Furthermore, there are first chromosomal investigations from Korea populations: C. bostrychostigma Maxim. (n=22II), C. capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. (n=35II), and C. breviculmis R. Br. (n=33II). None of the chromosomes has distinct primary constrictions. Carex sect. Mitratae exhibits high variation in chromosome numbers with aneuploidy (chromosome number increases with genomic duplication) and/or agmatoploidy (chromosome number increases without genomic duplication) whereas C. sect. Siderostictae shows polyploidy. Chromosome dynamics have played an important role in Carex species diversity in the Korean Peninsula.

Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis and Isolation of a 5S rRNA-Related Marker in the Scleractinian Coral Platygyra contorta Veron 1990 (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)

Abstract: 1 Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan 2 Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan 3 Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Otsuki, Hata County, Kochi 788–0333, Japan 4 Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2–5–1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780–8520, Japan

Cytogenetic Characterization of Species and Hybrids of Orchids of Cattleya Genus

Abstract: 1 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rod. MT 358, Km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso 78300000, Brazil 2 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Avenida Perimetral Rogério Silva, S/N. Bairro: Jardim Flamboyant, Mato Grosso 78580000, Brazil 3 Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013602, Brazil

Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles Induced Desynapsis in Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Pioneer Report

Abstract: A cytological ‘plant type’ showing impairment of homologues (desynapsis) has been spotted in M2 population of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) following exposure of dry seeds (moisture content 5.00%) to cadmium sulphide nanoparticle (CdS-NPs) treatments (0.25 μg mL-1, 3 h). Present investigation highlights the effective potentiality of CdS-NPs in inducing desynaptic mutant, a pioneer report of its type.

Karyotype and Idiogram of Indian Hog Deer (Hyelaphus porcinus) by Conventional Staining, GTG-, High-Resolution and Ag-NOR Banding Techniques

Abstract: 1 Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin, Muang 32000, Thailand 2 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 3 Department of Animal Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya Nakhonsrithammarat Campus, Nakhonsrithammarat, Thungyai 80240, Thailand 4 Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin, Muang 32000, Thailand 5 Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Muang 34000, Thailand

Cytological Characterization of Induced Multiple Translocation Heterozygote in Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Abstract: Gamma irradiations were successfully used to develop the multiple chromosomal interchanges in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). A plant showing two interchange complexes was isolated from the M1 population raised from 30 kR irradiated seed progeny. The translocation heterozygote showed ring and chain of one hexavalent as well as one quadrivalent along with two bivalents at diakinesis in majority of pollen mother cells. Some pollen mother cells exhibited pentavalents, trivalents and univalents in varying frequencies. The hexavalent predominantly showed alternate type of segregation when compared with the quadrivalent which exhibited adjacent type of orientation in most of the PMCs. At anaphase-I, the translocation heterozygote displayed various abnormalities such as unequal chromosome distribution, laggards and bridges. Pollen fertility was found to be very low (28.79%).

First Report of Intraspecific Polyploidy (2x, 4x) in Physochlaina praealta (Decne.) Miers. (Family: Solanaceae)

Abstract: Physochlaina praealta (family: Solanaceae), a widely distributed species of Indian cold deserts, is studied for male meiotic studies. We here report for the first time the existence of intraspecific polyploidy (2x, 4x) in the species. Both the 2x and 4x individuals show perfectly normal meiotic behavior and nearly 100% fertile pollen grains. The 4x plants show allopolyploid like meiotic behavior characterized by normal chromosome pairing and regular segregation of chromosomes. The 2x and 4x plants grow under similar type of habitats but the 4x individuals were noticed to be more pubescent. The 4x plants can also be differentiated from the 2x on the basis of micro-characters like trichome (size, density), stomata (size and frequency) and pollen grain size which increases with ploidy.

Chromosome Counts in Wild and Cultivated Species of Curcuma Linn.

Abstract: The genus Curcuma, an important member of the family Zingiberaceae (Jatoi et al. 2007), consists of many species which are economically and ornamentally important. Many species are highly prized for their medicinal properties. The genus comprises of 120 species (Leong-Škorničková et al. 2007) which are distributed in south and south-east Asia including China, Australia and the South Pacific (Larsen et al. 1998, Wu and Larsen 2000, Ye et al. 2008, Chen and Xia 2011). Curcuma species display a great quantum of diversity in habitat, morphology and ethnobotanical uses (Syamkumar and Sasikumar 2007). Cytological studies have been of considerable value for solving taxonomic riddles and can also provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms that shape the plant genome (Bennett and Leitch 2005, De Storme and Mason 2014). Significant variations in the chromosome number and ploidy level in the genus Curcuma have been reported by many authors (Sugiura 1931, Sharma and Bhattacharya 1959, Ramachandran 1961, Das et al. 1999, Joseph et al. 1999, Leong-Škorničková et al. 2007). Curcuma is a complex genus and polyploidization has further complicated our understanding towards the evolution and phylogeny (Leong-Škorničková et al. 2007, Chen and Xia 2011). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the somatic chromosome numbers and verify the ploidy level in some cultivated and wild species of Curcuma.

Cytological studies on some ecotypes of Nigella sativa L. in Iran.

Abstract: The karyotype of six Iranian ecotypes of Nigella sativa, which is a member of the Ranunculaceae family, was studied. The results showed that all studied ecotypes contained 12 chromosomes (2n=2x=12). The karyotype formulas for the ecotypes are: G1: 5m+1T, G2: 4m+1sm+1st, G3: 5m+1st, G4: 5m+1T, G5: 4m+1sm+1T and G6: 3m+2st+1sm. The total form percentages (TF%) of the ecotypes observed were as follows: G1 40.64, G2 41.04, G3 43.83, G4 41.36, G5 39.60, G6 38.94. The largest total haploid length was detected in G6 (51.76 μm) while G4 demonstrated the least (32.56 μm). The first two principal component analysis (PCA) justified over 89% of the total variations of cytological characteristics. UPGMA cluster analysis was carried out for chromosomal parameters which classified the studied ecotypes into five classes.

Cytomixis and Intraspecific Polyploidy (2 x , 4 x ) in Inula grandiflora Willd. from Malana Valley, Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract: On the basis of meiotic studies carried out presently on Inula grandiflora from Malana Valley in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, we here report the existence of cytomixis and intraspecific diploid (n=8) and tetraploid (n=16) cytotypes. The 4x individuals grow much taller and possess larger sized leaves and capitula. Stomata and pollen grain characters could also be employed in the segregation of the two cytotypes. The plants of 4x cytotype showed normal bivalent formation, regular microsporogenesis and high pollen fertility. Meanwhile, the diploid individuals which also grow under the same climatic conditions depicted the phenomenon of cytomixis involving chromatin transfer among two to eight meiocytes at different stages of meiosis. The PMCs involved in cytomixis showed various meiotic irregularities leading into reduction in some pollen fertility. Although the inter-cellular nuclear migration has been confined only to diploid individuals, which grow under the same environmental conditions, cytomixis seems to be a natural phenomenon controlled by some genes as suggested by earlier workers.

NOR Polymorphism and Chromosome Analysis of Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni (Perciformes, Apogonidae)

Abstract: 1 Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 2 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 4 Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Muang, Surin 32000, Thailand 5 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Kai Campus, Muang, Nong Kai 43000, Thailand 6 School of Agricultural of Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand 7 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

Karyotype Diversity in Three Asparagus L. Species

Abstract: Three Asparagus species viz. A. racemosus Willd., A. officinalis L., and A. setaceus (Kunth) Jessop were investigated by cytogenetical and molecular analysis for authentic characterization. The diploid chromosome number 2n=20 was found in A. racemosus and A. setaceus, while, A. officinalis possesses 2n=22 chromosomes. Diploid chromosome number 2n=22 is the first report for A. officinalis. These three species differed in respect of other karyotypic features such as total length of 2n chromosome complements, number of satellites, range of relative lengths, centromeric indices, etc. Some unique CMAand DAPI-banded chromosomes were found in three species which could be used as marker chromosomes for the respective species. A pair of satellites was observed in A. racemosus after CMAand DAPI-staining but absent in orcein staining indicating the stain-specific nature of satellites. The chromosomes of three Asparagus species possessed different structural abnormalities such as deletions, tandem duplications, and dispersed distribution of GCand AT-rich repetitive sequences. This organizational variation of chromosomes was one of the major reasons for karyotype diversification. Four primer combinations were applied for RAPD analysis in three species of Asparagus to find out their genomic relationship. The three species showed several unique bands useful as markers for each species. Therefore, the three Asparagus species could authentically be characterized by conventional and fluorescent karyotype together with RAPD fingerprinting.