Showing papers in "Design Studies in 2000"

TL;DR: Using the formal functional decomposition and heuristic methods, modular design can be executed earlier in the product development process, as illustrated by the example of a consumer power-tool product and a larger, complex maintenance device.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss why this style of communication is so important, and what information it is used to convey, and view it as the use of a language to describe regions in the space of possible designs.

TL;DR: It is found that in about a half of a practising architect's entire design process there was bi-directional causality between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements; not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for invention, but also the occurrence of invention tended to cause new unexpected discoveries.

TL;DR: The authors argue that scenic fieldwork that merely describes and codifies what relevant persons do in the workplace may miss out on the constitutive practices of how they do what they do, the 'interactional what' of their activities.

TL;DR: A new meta-theoretical method is suggested for assisting the critical analysis, comparison and formulation of design theories and concepts, to assist with the establishment of coherence and compatibility between concepts in disparate theories.

TL;DR: In this article, a model developed with the attempt to define the general and personal attributes of design knowledge is presented, with emphasis on its deficiencies, specifically when relating the abstract with the concrete, and thinking with doing, in design teaching.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a study of engineering design as a social activity in a small design and manufacturing organisation, using the social scientific method of ethnography, and conclude that storytelling appears to be a central mechanism in the development of a common language in design teams.

TL;DR: A technique is described, based upon three types of operation, namely lateral transformations, vertical transformations and duplication, that occur between designer's sketches that can be used to help track the designer's thinking mode which, it is envisaged, will increase the efficiency of the sketching activity.

TL;DR: In this article, a collection of drawings for the design of a house was examined to investigate the systems of design transformations. And the relationships among the drawings and developed a notation system for documenting these relationships.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an ethnographic study of design teams in the UK which was commissioned to help Rolls-Royce gain a further understanding of teamwork, in particular those aspects which are tacit.

TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology for representing a functional model of a product in a quantitative manner is introduced, where product design knowledge can be archived and transmitted in databases using this novel representation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a substantial change in process occurs when including visual expression into creative problem solving meetings, and present visual adaptations of the brainstorming technique applied do not appear to suffice.

TL;DR: It is shown how text analysis as a part of data mining can be used to analyse different aspects of participation in collaboration, including participation in synchronous communication to evaluate individual contribution and the extent of collaboration.

TL;DR: This paper explored the relationship between pure and applied ethnography, and their use in cognitive and social research, and discussed how the outcomes of applied ethnographies can be applied to i) the design of a computer-based design support tool and ii) the development of controlled experimental studies that retain sufficient ecological validity to capture realistic design expertise.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined design issues of creativity, mental synthesis, and drawing by conducting two experiments and found that how and when drawing is used is important for design in that drawing and design representation appear to play a central role in the design thinking process.

TL;DR: The fundamental unit of style measurement is a set of common features appearing in objects, which is used for categorising a style and the signature of a style.

TL;DR: A language that has been developed for the modeling of engineering design artifacts is presented and the implementation of a prototype tool suite, which includes intelligent web-based interfaces that allow distributed users to create, edit and browse design repositories, is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a broader framework for understanding creativity by distinguishing different levels of creativity, namely personal and social-cultural creativity, and their interaction, by analyzing the procedure of rule formation and the phenomena of seeing emergent subshapes.

TL;DR: A web-based online environment that was used in conjunction with a graduate-level architectural studio failed to promote open interaction and did not appear to sustain a strong sense of community.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that sketches of seen objects exhibit a structure consistent with the volumetric parts of the recalled objects, and that sometimes, sketching structure does not match the part structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the hypothesis that regular assessments of the way teams function can help improve team performance and found that designers gave significantly more positive ratings of various aspects of their team working after assessing their team.

TL;DR: In this article, two methods of computer-based car styling, texture mapping and direct computer modeling, are compared and evaluated within a typical framework for automobile concept design, and three case studies illustrate the direct modelling method, showing differences of computer use in each case.

TL;DR: It is argued that an intelligent design support system allows the designers to turn their typically incomplete, inconsistent and inaccurate specification of designs into a correct representation of their ideas, thus reducing the interpretation by technicians as well as the design time.

TL;DR: In this paper, a longitudinal study of electronics engineering design teams in industry, using ethnographic methods, was conducted as a preamble to the development of a prototype computer-based support tool for project leaders and design engineers.

TL;DR: A method for negotiating architectural design across domains is proposed by examining issues of perception, generation and evaluation, and detailing a prototype in which these mechanisms are augmented using computational agents for achieving coherence and innovation in remote collaborative design.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between imagery and design is made, which both mislocates the significance of these phenomena and also fails to give an insightful account of them, and a model of design activity which puts the notions of imagery, observation, perception, sketching, drawing and modelling into a more illuminating perspective.

TL;DR: The paper presents an architecture for managing access to component catalogues, allowing designers to find components on the basis of their intended use rather than a pre-defined indexing scheme.

TL;DR: In this article, a team of students who had been educated on the systematic approach to design was engaged in the design of a new product, a disposable bicycle made out of paper.