Showing papers in "Environment and Urbanization in 2021"
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the precariousness of existing food and nutrition security in two small cities in Bangladesh, although residents with guaranteed incomes and adequate savings did not suffer significantly during lockdown.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving urban crisis. This research paper assesses impacts of the lockdown on food security and associated coping mechanisms in two small cities in Bangladesh (Mongla and Noapara) during March to May 2020. Due to restrictions during the prolonged lockdown, residents (in particular low-income groups) had limited access to livelihood opportunities and experienced significant or complete loss of income. This affected both the quantity and quality of food consumed. Coping strategies reported include curtailing consumption, relying on inexpensive starchy staples, increasing the share of total expenditure allocated to food, taking out loans and accessing relief. The pandemic has exacerbated the precariousness of existing food and nutrition security in these cities, although residents with guaranteed incomes and adequate savings did not suffer significantly during lockdown. While coping strategies and the importance of social capital are similar in small and large cities, food procurement and relationships with local governments show differences.
51 citations
TL;DR: In the early months of 2020, COVID-19 rapidly changed how the world functioned, with the closure of borders, schools and workplaces, national lockdowns, and the rapid normalization of self-defense.
Abstract: Throughout the early months of 2020, COVID-19 rapidly changed how the world functioned, with the closure of borders, schools and workplaces, national lockdowns, and the rapid normalization of “self...
32 citations
TL;DR: As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases nears 27 million, there is a rush to answer (what next) and an urgency to act (to solve the immediate problems) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases nears 27 million, there is a rush to answer (what next) and a rush to act (to solve the immediate problems of COVID-19). This paper discusses, with a speci...
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the socio-spatial behavior of the COVID-19 virus in the most impacted area in Brazil was analyzed using five spatial regression models to assess the disease distribution in the a...
Abstract: Seeking to understand the socio-spatial behaviour of the COVID-19 virus in the most impacted area in Brazil, five spatial regression models were analysed to assess the disease distribution in the a...
25 citations
TL;DR: For example, between 1978 and 2018, the urban population in China increased from 17.9 percent to 59.6 percent of the total as discussed by the authors, and urbanization has many implications.
Abstract: Recent decades have brought dramatic urbanization to China. Between 1978 and 2018, the urban population rose from 17.9 per cent to 59.6 per cent of the total. Urbanization has many implications, in...
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impacts of extreme heat and flooding on water and electricity in low-income urban settlements in the global South are explored, and the authors show that extreme weather events disproportionately affect residents of low income urban settlements.
Abstract: Extreme weather events disproportionately affect residents of low-income urban settlements in the global South. This paper explores the impacts of extreme heat and flooding on water and electricity...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial extent of urban green spaces and the influence of land use practices in African cities are analyzed and the authors highlight the need to address their fast-declining urban green space.
Abstract: African cities, faced with rapid urbanization and haphazard land use practices, struggle to address their fast-declining urban green space (UGS). Yet the spatial extent of UGS, and the influence of...
18 citations
TL;DR: This paper shows how grassroots recycler networks are an emblematic case of grassroots governmentality, whereby urban poor communities contribute to building more inclusive environmental regimes by developing technologies of power more typical of the powerful.
Abstract: This paper examines the multiple strategies articulated by grassroots recycler networks to bring about socioenvironmental change. The paper shows how these networks are an emblematic case of grassroots governmentality, whereby urban poor communities contribute to building more inclusive environmental regimes by developing technologies of power more typical of the powerful. These technologies include enumeration, with its resulting self-knowledge; the production of discourses and rationalities of social inclusion and environmental sustainability; and engagement in open and diverse alliances, at times with actors holding apparently antagonistic interests. The paper also reveals how recycling networks are a representative case of deep and green democracy. It is deep democracy, as grassroots networks strive to gain deep and true representativeness in their territories. It is green democracy, as it illustrates alternative pathways to environmental governance that is not limited to state and global organizations, but that also includes a range of control techniques emanating from the communities themselves.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze enabling conditions for scaling participatory planning in otherwise exclusionary urban political environments, drawing on the Mukuru Special Planning Area in Nairobi (Kenya).
Abstract: Drawing on the Mukuru Special Planning Area in Nairobi (Kenya), this article analyses enabling conditions for scaling participatory planning in otherwise exclusionary urban political environments. ...
13 citations
TL;DR: In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance as mentioned in this paper, and the emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors were discussed.
Abstract: In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance. The emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors...
11 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the extent to which participatory budgeting (PB) contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation, based on an analysis of initiatives from 15 cities and regions in the US.
Abstract: This paper explores the extent to which participatory budgeting (PB) contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation, based on an analysis of initiatives from 15 cities and regions in the g...
TL;DR: The authors describes the role of intergenerational processes in increasing or reducing multidimensional inequality in Indio Guayas, a low-income peripheral settlement in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Abstract: This paper describes the role of intergenerational processes in increasing or reducing multidimensional inequality in Indio Guayas, a low-income peripheral settlement in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It also...
TL;DR: The water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector is facing a shortfall of several million appropriately skilled professionals Massive open online courses (MOOCs) can play a crucial role in address this issue.
Abstract: The water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector is facing a shortfall of several million appropriately skilled professionals Massive open online courses (MOOCs) can play a crucial role in addressi
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate economic consequences on the urban poor, particularly on young people living on the streets, as the pandemic moves from acute to chronic phases as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate economic consequences on the urban poor, particularly on young people living on the streets. As the pandemic moves from acute to chronic phases, novel...
TL;DR: The demolition of the Beijing Sun Palace Farmers’ Market is used to examine the long-term impacts of government-initiated urban remodelling campaigns on the educational status of migrant children in Beijing.
Abstract: In recent years, Beijing has implemented urban renewal policies aimed at forcing out rural migrants to restrict the city’s population. One such policy restricts their access to public schools. We u...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors shed light on the effects of community resilience and risk appraisal on climate change adaptation behavior within the context of the resettlement site of Kannagi Nagar in Chennai, India.
Abstract: This study sheds light on the effects of community resilience and risk appraisal on climate change adaptation behaviour within the context of the resettlement site of Kannagi Nagar in Chennai, Indi...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the relationship between design methodologies and the scaling of participation in cities, and recognize that scaling of community-led informal settlement upgradability is achievable.
Abstract: This article explores the relationship between design methodologies and the scaling of participation in cities. The article recognizes that the scaling of community-led informal settlement upgradin...
TL;DR: All over the world, people suffer violence and discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity as mentioned in this paper, and Queer theory has linked the politics of identity and sexuality with radical de...
Abstract: All over the world, people suffer violence and discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity. Queer theory has linked the politics of identity and sexuality with radical de...
TL;DR: The authors showed that existing datasets and statistics provide a useful indication of progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, but they are far from accurate and sufficient and there is a need for n...
Abstract: While existing datasets and statistics provide a useful indication of progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, they are far from accurate and sufficient. There is a need for n...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the changes to social networks of people living in seven informal settlements in Raipur, India, who, in line with the Indian Alliance model of community organizing, worked with community organizers.
Abstract: This paper examines the changes to social networks of people living in seven informal settlements in Raipur, India, who, in line with the “Indian Alliance” model of community organizing, worked wit...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present important challenges for the extension of quality childcare services to informal workers, who make up most of the urban poor across the global South, who are disproportionally women.
Abstract: Cities present important challenges for the extension of quality childcare services to informal workers, who make up most of the urban poor across the global South. For women, who are disproportion...
TL;DR: While advances in participatory planning have led in many cases to the more inclusive rebuilding of informal settlements, the debate regarding participatory plans has focused largely on the impr....
Abstract: While advances in participatory planning have led in many cases to the more inclusive rebuilding of informal settlements, the debate regarding participatory planning has focused largely on the impr...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that urban climate interventions that better meet the needs of low-income and other marginalized groups must move forward in a more coordinated manner. But, they do not discuss how to implement these interventions.
Abstract: Recent transformative resilience research calls for urban climate interventions that better meet the needs of low-income and other marginalized groups. Such initiatives, it is suggested, must move ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of participation, co-production and community management in a random sample of 50 rural and urban water systems under the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASE) was examined.
Abstract: This paper examines the role of participation, co-production and community management in a random sample of 50 rural and urban water systems under the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASE...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors took advantage of their existing dataset of 6,721 slum households in two Indian cities and undertook six rounds of follow-up phone interviews on the impact of COVID-19 between July and November 202.
Abstract: Taking advantage of our existing dataset of 6,721 slum households in two Indian cities, we undertook six rounds of follow-up phone interviews on the impact of COVID-19 between July and November 202...
TL;DR: In this paper, three urban poor networks play a central role in advocating for the rights and entitlements of low-income settlement residents, despite their numerous achievements, despite the fact that they have achieved great success.
Abstract: In Dhaka, three urban poor networks play a central role in advocating for the rights and entitlements of low-income settlement residents. Despite their numerous achievements, this article outlines ...
TL;DR: Despite considerable literature exploring Brazil's participatory management, less academic attention focuses on Brazil's public policy councils (conselhos gestores de politicas publicas) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Despite considerable literature exploring Brazil’s participatory management, less academic attention focuses on Brazil’s public policy councils (conselhos gestores de politicas publicas), which are...
TL;DR: The global discourse around architecture education emphasizes rethinking curricula for engaging more with social issues as discussed by the authors, and the shift from creating star architects to socially responsive professionals has been discussed in the literature.
Abstract: The global discourse around architecture education emphasizes rethinking curricula for engaging more with social issues. The shift from creating star architects to socially responsive professionals...
TL;DR: The city of Manizales in Colombia has been widely recognized as a good practice case in disaster risk management (DRM), and previous research has sought to amplify learning through exami... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The city of Manizales in Colombia has been widely recognized as a good practice case in disaster risk management (DRM). Previous research has sought to amplify learning from Manizales through exami...