European journal of anatomy 

About: European journal of anatomy is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 1136-4890. Over the lifetime, 720 publications have been published receiving 3824 citations. The journal is also known as: EJA & EJA. European journal of anatomy.

The legal and ethical framework governing body donation in Europe: a review of current practice and recommendations for good practice

Abstract: Discussions at the inaugural meeting of a Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group for Anatomical Sciences highlighted the fact that there exist considerable variations in the legal and ethical frameworks throughout Europe concerning body bequests for anatomical examination. Such differences appear to reflect cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional frameworks. For example, there are different views concerning the "ownership" of cadavers and concerning the need (perceived by different societies and national politicians) for legislation specifically related to anatomical dissection. Furthermore, there are different views concerning the acceptability of using unclaimed bodies that have not given informed consent. Given that in Europe there have been a series of controversial anatomical exhibitions and also a public (televised) dissection/autopsy, and given that the commercial sale or transport of anatomical material across national boundaries is strongly debated, it would seem appropriate to "harmonise" the situation (at least in the European Union). This paper summarises the legal situation in a variety of European countries and suggests examples of good practice. In particular, it recommends that all countries should adopt clear legal frameworks to regulate the acceptance of donations for medical education and research. It stresses the need for informed consent, with donors being given clear information upon which to base their decision, intentions to bequest being made by the donor before death and encourages donors to discuss their wishes to bequeath with relatives prior to death. Departments are encouraged, where they feel it appropriate, to hold Services of Thanksgiving and Commemoration for those who have donated their bodies. Finally, there needs to be legislation to regulate transport of bodies or body parts across national borders and a discouragement of any moves towards commercialisation in relation to bequests.

The legal and ethical framework governing Body Donation in Europe - 1st update on current practice

Abstract: Previously, we have reported on the legal and ethical aspects and current practice of body donation in several European countries, reflecting cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional frameworks. We have also established good practice in body donation. Here we shall further extend the legal and ethical frameworks in place and also focus on novelties in the law and different directives. Of particular interest are points that address the commercialization of human bodies and body parts and weaknesses in the legal directives. Therefore, it is important to define what is ethical and what needs to be considered unethical in body donation and the subsequent utilisation of human bodies for teaching and research.

A core syllabus in anatomy for medical students:Adding common sense to need to know

Abstract: A satisfactory knowledge of topographical anatomy is one of the key foundations of safe and effective medical practice. Existing curriculum guidelines in the UK and Ireland from bodies including the General Medical Council, the Medical Council of Ireland and Scottish Doctors do not provide detailed guidance on curriculum content in respect of individual subjects. This paper describes a core syllabus in anatomy developed by the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland detailing the level of knowledge that we believe should be the minimum expected of a recently-qualified medical graduate in the UK and Ireland about to embark upon their two year Foundation training.

Arterial patterns of the human upper limb: update of anatomical variations and embryological development.

Abstract: The arterial pattern of the upper limb is one of the systems that shows a large number of variations in the adult human body. However, embryological explanations for these variations have been subject to much debate. Recent studies have provided a new classification of the arterial variations in the upper limb, as well as a new model of arterial development based on the study of large anatomical and embryological samples. In the present article, we offer a review of the embryological and morphological data obtained in adults, contrasting them with those found in a new sample of adult material.

The retromolar foramen and canal in south Indian dry mandibles

Abstract: The retromolar foramen (RMF) is one of the nonmetrical variants of the mandible. A total of 53 (21.9%; N = 242) mandibles had the foramen; of these, 26 (10.7%) showed it only on the right side, 17 (7.1%) only on the left side, and 10 (4.1%) bilaterally. There was no side difference in this trait, and the distance between the foramen and other mandibular landmarks (anterior border of ramus, 3rd molar and lingula) did not show any side differences either (p>0.05). In 6 mandibles the retromolar canal was studied using the digital subtraction angiography technique. Mandibles 1 and 2 showed the vertical canal joining with the mandibular canal (Type I) bilaterally, and mandibles 3 and 5 showed type I only on the left side. Mandibles 3 only on the right side, 4 on both sides and 6 only on the left side showed the canal descending vertically and then coursing backwards to join the mandibular canal (Type II). Mandibles 5 and 6 only on the right side showed the canals descending to the mandibular canal, from the middle and anterior aspect of which another canal extended anteriorly superior to the mandibular canal (Ty p e III). These canals showed variations in length and diameter. This study shows that the foramen and canal are highly variable in their morphology and morphometry, and they should be taken into account during anaesthetic, surgical, and implantation procedures of the mandible .