Showing papers in "European Journal of Business and Management in 2014"

Impact of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance

Abstract: Employee motivation is considered as a force that drives the employees toward attaining specific goals and objectives of the organization. Now days, it is one of the sizzling issue in organizations since every wants to make best use of their financial and human resources. Main purpose of this study is to inquire that what kind of factors influence employ motivation in Pakistan and finding up to which extent motivation affects the employ performance. Data is collected from 160 teachers of Government and private schools by using self-administered questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied to find the effect of employee motivation on employee’s performance involving four variables employee motivation, employee performance, intrinsic rewards and employee perceived training effectiveness. The results of this study show that significant and positive relationship exists between employee motivation and employee performance. It is also concluded that intrinsic rewards has a significant positive relationship with employee performance and employee motivation. This study concludes that employee perceived training effectiveness has a negative relationship with motivation. It is also proved from to their responses, they were provided with the training courses but this training was not implemented by them in their routine teaching as they considered it to be ineffective. They were not satisfied with the training provided to them and this affected their motivation to teach. Keywords: Employee Motivation, Employ Performance, Intrinsic Rewards, Employee Perceived Training Effectiveness.

Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Abstract: There is an increasing interest of research on the area of corporate entrepreneurship recently. But much focus is given to specific areas. like the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship (Sharma P, Chrisman JJ 1999) ,developing and refining an instrument (Kuratko et al,1990; Hornsby et al,2002;Morris et al 2001; Tasika. M.Davis 2006; Adonisi 2003),linking corporate entrepreneurship to strategy, structure, and process(Lumpkin and Dess 1999) the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management (Barringer and Bluedorn,1999). An investigation of the internal organizational entrepreneurial climate and its relationship with innovativeness is generally scarce. Thus, by developing a model which relates corporate entrepreneurial variables with innovation, this study investigates the functional relationship between the two. Furthermore, the study tries to analyse the prevalence of corporate entrepreneurship and the level of innovation in Ethiopian leather footwear industry. Using analytical survey design in a cross sectional time, 6 leather footwear companies were selected judgmentally from Addis Ababa. The descriptive analysis showed that all the corporate entrepreneurial variables are below average on a five point likert scale measure. The level of innovation is also rated as average on a similar scale. Results of correlation matrix also indicated a positive association between the corporate entrepreneurial variables and innovation. furthermore, Regression analysis showed that reward system as well as time availability contributed the highest for innovation than the rest of the variables and evaluation of the regression model indicated around 48 % of the variance in innovation can be explained by the model and that the model was statistically significant. The findings in this study are so important for managers and other policy makers to find out how organizational and managerial variables could be modified in order to facilitate innovation. It is recommended that other studies should try to replicate these findings on different contexts. Key Words : Competitiveness, Corporate Entrepreneurship, Ethiopia, Innovation, leather.

Influence of Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, Risk on Attitude and Intention to Shop Online

Abstract: Recently, online shopping is growing rapidly around the world. The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that influence students’ intention to shop online. This research was done in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The respondent is 200 university’s active students who did not have online shopping experience before. The factors consist of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk as independent variables; attitude to shop online as intervening variable; and intention to shop online as exogenous variable. The data was processed and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The theory based on TAM. The result shows that perceived usefulness, ease of use and risk have significant influence on attitude toward online shopping. Perceived usefulness and ease of use have not significant influence toward intention to shop online. While perceived risk and attitude have significant influence toward intention to shop online. It is recommended for the next researcher to develop related research, with acceptation and use of technology that are elaborated with culture and other specific personality characteristics from consumer such as culture, religion, ethnicity and others. K eywords : Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Risk, Attitude, Intention to Shop Online

Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Selected Public Sector Organizations in Nigeria

Abstract: This study is on impact of training and development on organizational effectiveness in public sector in Nigeria. The study sought to determine the nature of the relationship between training/development and organizational effectiveness; to highlight the benefits of training and development in Nigeria public sector and to ascertain the impact of training/development on organizational performances. Sixty six (66) copies of the questionnaire were administered. 55 were duly completed and returned while 11 were not returned. The data generated from the field were presented and analyzed with descriptive statistic while the corresponding hypotheses were tested with the chi-square, Pearson’s Correlation and linear regression. The finding indicated that: There is positive relationship between training/development and organizational effectiveness. The increase in job satisfaction and reduce employee turnover are the benefit of training and development in public sector. Inter-personal and teamwork are the effect of training/development on organizational performance. The study concluded that effective training is an investment in the human resources of an organization, with both immediate and long –range returns. However mere investment is not enough; organizations need to manage training programs more effectively so that they can get the highest returns from their investment. The study recommends that organizations should make training and development of their employees a regular activity. Training has to involve more than just basic skill development. That is, to use training to gain a competitive advantage, organizations should view training broadly as a way to create intellectual capital. Keywords: Training, Development, Organizational Effectiveness and Organizational Performance, Nigeria

Effects of Working Capital Management on Performance of Non-Financial Companies Listed In NSE, Kenya

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of working capital management on the performance of non-financial companies listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), Kenya. The study employed an explanatory non-experimental research design. A census of 42 non-financial companies listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya was taken. The study used secondary panel data contained in the annual reports and financial statements of listed non-financial companies. The data were extracted from the Nairobi Securities Exchange hand books for the period 2006-2012.The study applied panel data models (random effects). Feasible Generalised Least Square (FGLS) regression results revealed that an aggressive financing policy had a significant positive effect on return on assets and return on equity while a conservative investing policy was found to affect performance positively. The study recommended that managers of listed non-financial companies should adopt an aggressive financing policy and a conservative investing policy should be employed to enhance the performance of non-financial companies listed in the NSE, Kenya. Key words : working capital management, performance, non-financial companies

Marketing Strategies and the Performance of SMEs in Ghana

Abstract: Marketing strategies constitute one of the key functional strategies that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) adopt to enhance performance. This study examines the effect of marketing strategies on the performance of SMEs in Ghana in terms of their profitability, brand awareness and market share. Data was collected through a survey research methodology. 363 SMEs were sampled from a population of 900 through stratified random sampling. Hypotheses were tested to ascertain the relationship between marketing strategies and performance. The overall results of this study suggest that strategic marketing are drivers of organizational positioning in a dynamic environment, and that it helps to enhance the development of new product/service for existing markets. Results of the study also reveal that the SMEs in Ghana mostly use traditional form of marketing to reach potential customers and also to entrench their brands. Interestingly, only few of them use modern technology in marketing their product and services; the SMEs should thus adopt more modern technological marketing tool such as mobile marketing to improve on their performance. The findings provide valuable insights for decision makers and SMEs owners on the relationship between strategic marketing and performance of SMEs in a globalized developing economy context. Keywords: Marketing strategies, strategic marketing, performance, SMEs, developing economy

Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Pakistan over the period of 1991 to 2006. Pakistan has been facing severe energy crises in the current period and the condition is deteriorating day by day. By applying technique of Granger causality and unit root test, the results infer that electric power consumption is granger causing GDP growth. The implications of the study are that energy conservation policy regarding consumption of energy would not lead to any side-effects on economic growth in Pakistan. The country needs a quantum jump in electricity generation in medium-term scenario to revert the possibilities of load shedding in future due to shrinking gap between demand and supply of electricity. Keywords : Granger test, GDP, energy consumption.

The Application of Porter’s Five Forces Model on Organization Performance: A Case of Cooperative Bank of Kenya Ltd

Abstract: The apex of environmental scanning with regard to competition can only be found in Porter’s Five Forces model. This is a long side External environment scanning tools such as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) analysis and calculate its coping with competition, how to retain or increase a company’s market share among others. This requires accurate competitive analysis in the face of these complexities. This may adversely affect the application and continued use of the five forces in Kenya. This study was an assessment of the application of Porter’s Five forces model of competitive analysis amidst the rapidly changing environment in the Kenyan Banking industry. The problem in this study was that the failure to use and under-utilisation of the five forces by banks has led to poor performance. The purpose of the study was to assess the application of the five forces model in terms of its benefits and limitations, and how it can be modified to cope with the Kenyan banking industry. This study would be of great significance in enriching the body of knowledge on Porter’s five forces model and providing a meaningful and contextual evaluation of the Kenyan banking industry consequently coming up with useful insights. A descriptive survey design was used and a triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative methods. A sample of 62 respondents was randomly selected from the stratified target population of top, middle and operational level managers in Cooperative Bank of Kenya and given questionnaires. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively and processed through computer (SPSS) with special emphasis on the facts and emerging themes that addressed the research questions and the resulting correlation and regression analyses results presented, discussed and interpreted. This was a mixed methodology of descriptive and inferential statistics to establish the existing relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Based on the findings, this study concludes that there is a strong positive relationship shown by R value of 0.8 between Porter’s Five Forces model and the performance of Cooperative Bank of Kenya. It also concludes that the strength and effects of substitutes should not be ignored; competitors are significant in benchmarking, keeping the management on toes and increasing efficiency and effectiveness thus aiding in success and achievement of competitive edge through innovation; the Bargaining power of buyers within the banking industry is critical in terms of understanding the bank’s buyers and successfully meeting their demands as a way of retaining them and achieving high customer satisfaction for repeat sales; the Bargaining power of sellers apply to the banking industry was a factor to watch as increase in the cost of their services leads to an increase in the cost of services offered by Cooperative Bank and the quality of their services also such as assured security and clean working environment determines employee motivation and satisfaction. Threat of new entrants was found to apply to the banking industry and needed mitigation measures as stated in the recommendations of the study.

Business Constraints and Potential Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: A Review

Abstract: The potential growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) elsewhere in the world including in Tanzania depends on conducive business environment. However, SMEs in Tanzania are confronted with a number of constraints which hamper their potential growth. This paper aims at assessing business constraints that affect the potential growth of SMEs in Tanzania. Variables such as inadequate business training, insufficient capital, competition, ant-entrepreneurial culture, bureaucratic procedures in business registration, high taxes, technological barrier/backwardness, theft/cheating and lack of trust, poor infrastructure, and corruption that affect potential growth of SMEs were measured. Quantitative approach was used in this study. An intensive literature review was conducted to find out the relationship between the variables. Frequency and percentage were computed to find out the results of the study. The findings show that inadequate business training, insufficient capital and anti-entrepreneurial culture are significant constraints. The study recommends that strategic training programmes need to be designed and implemented in order to provide SMEs with adequate entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitude. Additionally, re-engineering of lending schemes by the government and financial institutions is needed in order to enable SMEs access credit. Keywords: Business Constraints, Potential Growth, Small and Medium Enterprises, Tanzania

How Earning Per Share (EPS) Affects on Share Price and Firm Value

Abstract: Earnings per Share (EPS) is generally considered most important factor to determine share price and firm value. Literature shows that most of the individual investors take their individual investment decision based on the EPS. This paper attempts to provide empirical evidence on how EPS affect the share price movement. We have collected and analyzed 22 scheduled banks 110 firm year data and found that share price does not move as fast as the EPS move. We also further found that the share price movement depends on micro and macro economic factors on the economy. We suggest that investors must consider other factors as well as EPS in order to invest in the security market.

Effect of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Abstract: The Banking Industry has experienced a rapid growth in terms of profits, deposits and revenues in the recent past (Central Bank of Kenya, 2012). This trend has triggered a lot of competition among commercial banks. To weather this competition and to stand out as successful Kenyan businesses, commercial banks, just like other public and private organizations have adopted strategic management. Successful implementation of strategies is vital to any organization. However transforming strategies into action is a far more complex and daunting task to most firms’ managements which has led to a high rate of failure in strategy implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strategy implementation on performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of operationalization of strategy on performance of the banks and to determine the effect of institutionalization of strategy on performance of the banks. To achieve these objectives, the study adopted correlational research design. The target population was the forty three commercial banks in Kenya. Given the small number of commercial banks, a census study was conducted. The data gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages to summarize the data. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the nature and strength of the relationship between strategy implementation and organizational performance. To determine the effect of strategy implementation on organizational performance, a multiple regression model was developed. The results reveal that there is a moderately strong relationship between strategy implementation and organizational performance. The researcher therefore recommends that for institutions to thrive and compete they must implement strategies effectively. Keywords: Strategic management, strategy implementation, organizational, performance

Factors Affecting Tax Attitudes and Tax Compliance: A Survey Study in Yemen

Abstract: This study was aimed to bring an insight about influence of attitudes and considerations of individual taxpayers on tax compliance in Yemen taking internal and external factors into consideration The study was conducted in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen to evaluate and rank the factors that reduce taxpayer compliance A questionnaire was designed using a five point Likert scale and distributed to tax payers in order to learn their opinions The results indicated that, high tax rates and unfair tax system are the two most crucial factors associated with low compliance Furthermore, insufficient tax auditing, little deterrent effects of tax penalties and tax amnesties enacted frequently have impact on taxpayers’ compliance decision The factors like insufficient tax office staff number and frequent tax code changes affect tax compliance to a lesser extentIt was also revealed that collected taxes did not return as public goods and services in Yemen When the responses are compared by gender and age, females were found to be more compliant compared to males to taxation whereas age is not a significant factor in general, especially for external factors Older group was found to be more compliant compared to young in terms of factors having significant difference Keywords: tax, tax compliance, tax payer, internal factors, external factors

Determinants of Commercial Banks Lending: Evidence from Ethiopian Commercial Banks

Abstract: The study was mainly aimed to confirm the main determinants of commercial bank lending in Ethiopia by using panel data of eight commercial banks in the period from 2005 to 2011. It tested the relationship between commercial bank lending and its some determinants (bank size, credit risk, gross domestic product, investment, deposit, interest rate, liquidity ratio and cash required reserve). Seven years financial data of eight purposively chosen commercial banks were used for analysis purpose. Ordinary least square (OLS) was applied to determine the impact of those predictor variables on commercial bank lending. The result suggests that, there is significant relationship between commercial bank lending and its size, credit risk, gross domestic product and liquidity ratio. But deposit, investment, cash required reserve and interest rate does not affect Ethiopian commercial bank lending for the study period. The study suggests that commercial bank have to give more emphasis to credit risk and liquidity ratio because it weakens banks loan disbursement and leads a bank to be insolvent. Keywords : Commercial Banking, credit risk, deposit. interest rate, lending,

A Review of Tourism Development in Malaysia

Abstract: This article looks into the development of tourism secor in Malaysia and sheds light on the efforts undertaken by successive governmets so far to set a comprhensive planning, build infrastructure and promote Malaysia as a preffered destination internationally. The commitment of the government to the development of this sector and the improvement of the quality of tourism services and infrastructure are unlimited. Currently, tourism sector comes second after manufacturing in terms of contribution to GDP while the country is ranking among the top ten world tourist destinations. Such results indicate that government planning, which involves the interaction of all the influencing aspects and takes in consideration the breoad international context, proves successful and rightly guided. This unique experience can serve as a model to follow by other developing countries especially those countries with similar multicultral settings and natural potential. Keywords : Policy, Planning, Government, Malaysia, Tourism.

Coffee Production and Marketing in Ethiopia

Abstract: The general motive to write this current topic paper on Coffee production and marketing in Ethiopia is that Ethiopia is the birth place of coffee and it discovered earlier in the world. More than 1,000 years ago, coffee was a goatherd in Ethiopia southwestern highlands, David Beatty discovered the Ethiopian province where they first blossom Kaffa gave its name to coffee. Nobody is sure, exactly how coffee originally discovered as a beverage plant; it believed that its cultivation and use began as early as the 9th century in Ethiopia. It cultivated Yemen earlier, around AD 575. While, it originated in Ethiopia, from where it traveled to the Yemen about 600 years ago, and from Arabia began its journey around the world. Among the many legends, Kaldi, an Abyssinian goatherd, who lived around AD 850 found the origin of coffee. It is vital to the cultural and socio-economic life of Ethiopians and contributes 25%-30% of the country's foreign exchange, half of GDP, 90% of exports, 85% of total employments in the country and part of the culture; about 50 % of the produced coffee is consumed domestically. The general objective of the review is to understand coffee production and marketing value chain system in Ethiopia and specific objective is to revise coffee production and marketing value chain, volume of production, domestic and international marketing and consumption level. Its production accounts forest coffee 10%, Semi forest coffee 30%, Garden coffee 50 % and Plantation coffees accounts 10%. Factors causing low productivities are increasingly competing Khat, traditional agronomic practices, and shortage of specialized institution that provides extension support for coffee production. Low quality coffee supplied to the local market. While, price of coffee in the local market is usually higher than export prices and it has seasonal and auction market, and has poor fair trade system, price Volatility which affects those who depend on it for their livelihood. Its transaction primary, Ethiopian commodity exchange and international markets and its value chain include small-scale, private owned farm and state firms. Coffee processing activities in its value chain except loading and unloading, mostly performed by women groups of farmers. Its processing adds value and price of it in the chain. Were as its value chain actors are collector, local traders, primary cooperatives, coop. unions, exporters, importers, domestic wholesalers and retailers, service providers and consumers. Its supply chain is complex and small farmer’s sale to local traders, local trader’s sale to big coffee milers and exporters, after processing local trader sale to international exporters and primary cooperatives purchase a number of coffees and sale to cooperative union the union process it and sale to exporters on behalf of cooperatives. Ethiopian coffee mainly exported to 53 destination countries in the world its source 95 % from privet companies and 5 % is coffee growing farmer cooperative union. Certification and verification schemes can be powerful tools for value addition, access to a fast-growing market segment and the dissemination of good agricultural, environmental and social practice. The evaluation for sustainable production of coffee has four categories: Product quality, economic accountability, social responsibility, and environmental leadership in the supply chain. The approaches are Common denominator, Industry structure and social equity, Cost vs. benefits, Multiplicity of certification bodies, Supply and demand balance. It concluded that, coffee production, processing, marketing value chain needs its area based production, quality, pre and post-harvest management practices, and gender sensitive which is women participation and to benefit them, and link the value chain actors in chain is very important. Keywords : value chain, coffee value chain, supply chain market chain, value addition, fire price, producer benefit.

The Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation toward Learning Orientation, Innovation, Competitive Advantages and Marketing Performance

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of a) market orientation towards learning orientation, innovation and marketing performance, b) learning orientation towards innovation, competitive advantages, and marketing performance, c) entrepreneurial orientation towards learning orientation, competitive advantage, and marketing performance, d) innovation to competitive advantages, and marketing performance, and e) competitive advantages to marketing performance. This type of study is explanatory research and data collection is done through direct survey guided by the enumerators. During the survey, questionnaires are distributed randomly to 97 owners and managers of SMEs batik in Central Java, Indonesia as the respondents of the study. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by variance-based SEM analysis employing the GSCA software.The results of this study indicate that a) market orientation does not significantly affect to marketing performance, b) market orientation significantly affects learning orientation, c) market orientation significantly affects innovation, d) learning orientation significantly affects innovation, e) learning orientation significantly affects competitive advantages, f) learning orientation does not significantly affect marketing performance, g) entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects learning orientation, h) entrepreneurial orientation towards competitive advantage, i) entrepreneurial orientation does not significantly affect marketing performance, j) innovation significantly affects competitive advantages, k) marketing performance significantly affects innovation, and l) competitive advantage significantly affects marketing performance. In addition, some mediation effects are also found a) innovation mediates market orientation and marketing performance, and mediates market orientation and competitive advantages, b) learning orientation mediates market orientation and marketing performance, and mediates market orientation and innovation, c) learning orientation mediates entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance, and mediates entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantages, and d) competitive advantages mediate entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance. Keywords: market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, innovation, competitive advantages, marketing performance, SMEs Batik

Challenges and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh

Abstract: Poultry industry is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh. This industry can provide various opportunities to increase GDP growth rate plus equitable distribution through arranging food security as well as ensuring self -employment, creating purchasing power and reducing poverty at a large scale. About 44 per cent of daily human intake of animal protein comes from livestock products. The poultry industry has been supplying quality protein to the people of Bangladesh at the lowest price in the world. The study outlined major concerns focusing on the entire problems. The followings points have been finally consider as comprehensive issues; lack of quality chicks, high price of feed, marketing problem, insufficient bank loan, lack of quality vaccine, the vaccine price is very high and bird flu. It is observed that to import poultry related products huge amount of valuable foreign exchange will be spent. We have proposed for providing subsidy to the local industry and protect safeguard to the local entrepreneurs of the poultry industry. Keywords: Poultry, Problem, Prospect, Dropping, Bangladesh

Effects of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance (Case Study of Wartsila - Kipevu Ii Power Plant)

Abstract: As businesses evolve, to keep ahead of competition, so do their expectations for their employee's performance. An employee is a key element of an organisation and the success or failure of the organisation depends on individual employee performance which affects positively or negatively the organisation performance at large. Every business has their own specific way of doing things, has developed norms and procedures over time and has different atmosphere and feeling and this is the organisation culture. Organisation culture adopts overtime to cope up with such dynamic changes and meet the varying demand of employee expectations and satisfaction which in turn influence the employee's performance. The study analyses the influence of organisation culture on employee's performance with a focus on Wartsila Limited, a private organization in Kenya. It has offered recommendations on what can be done to achieve optimum performance while adopting the right culture. The study employed a survey research design with the target population comprising of a stratified census sample of 63 members of staff from the organization at different levels. The data has been collected using questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, to determine whether organisation culture really affects the employee's performance. The researcher has provided an introduction letter from the university as assurance that the information would be treated with maximum confidentiality, as reluctance to provide some personal information was an anticipated limitation of the study. Collected data was analysed using SPSS software and data represented in graphs, charts and tables for better understanding and interpretation. Since employee's job performance is one of the important factors for a business to compete in this global market, the purpose of this study is to explain and empirically test the effect of the four elements of Organisation culture namely; organisation values, organisation climate, leadership styles and work processes to the employee's performance. The results of this study suggest that managers should focus on the factors that have a significant effect on employee performance, if they want to enhance their businesses. Based on the results, this study was able to revealed that organizational values has a more significant effect to employee's job performance at Wartsila, than the organisation climate as is mostly assumed as a vice versa relationship. Overly a positive relationship between organisation culture and employee performance was established, however the effect diversely varied amongst the variables with work processes and systems in Wartsila having more effect to employees performance. The sophisticated and extensive nature of the paper would add value to organization studies discipline by providing an important qualitative perception towards organizational culture and employee performance and would initiate further discussions to create an effective framework between organizational culture and its impact on performance. Keyword s : Organisational Culture and Employee Performance

Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction

Abstract: In this study, the researcher has tried to investigate the three types of organizational culture and its impact on job satisfaction and employee commitment in Chemical Sector of Karachi. The core objective of the study is to identify the impact of organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee commitment in Chemical Sector so as to improve the job satisfaction and commitment of the employees in their working environment. And research question is what is the impact of organizational culture on job satisfaction and commitment of the employees? The study was originated by taking some previous literatures and tried to find out the research gap. The study was never studied in Chemical Sector in Karachi context and this was the main purpose and gap for the study. Quantitative research approach was used with 303 sample of respondents participated in the study. Data was then collected from the Chemical Sector working employees of the Karachi. Reliability was tested through reliability test, which shows 89.5% our sample data is reliable. This reliability allowed us to further analyze the data. Factor analysis has been used to shows the independent variables accuracy of the data. Further Regression analysis has been used to determine the relationship between supportive organizational culture, innovative organizational culture and bureaucratic organizational culture with job satisfaction and employee commitment.

Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Companies in Nigeria

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of randomly selected quoted firms in Nigeria. It investigates corporate governance variables and analyses whether they impact on firm performance as measured by return on asset (ROA) and profit margin (PM). Based on the review of existing literature, four corporate governance variables were selected namely: composition of board member, board size, CEO status and ownership concentration which served as the independent variables. The ordinary least square regression was used to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Findings from the study show that there is positive and significant relationship between composition of board member and board size as independent variables and firm performance. CEO status also has positive relationship with firm performance but insignificant at P<0.05. However, ownership concentration has negative relationships with return on asset (ROA) but positive relationship with profit margin (PM). The relationships are not significant at 5%. The study recommends among other things that companies’ board should be majorly dominated by independent directors and board size should be in line with corporate size and activities. Key w ords: Firm performance, Board Composition, Board Size, CEO Status

The Influence of Product Quality, Brand Image, and Quality of Service to Customer Trust and Implication on Customer Loyalty (Survey on Customer Brand Sharp Electronics Product at the South Kalimantan Province)

Abstract: This research aims to examine the influence of: 1) examine the influence of Product Quality, Brand Image, and Quality of Service on Customer Trust, 2) Quality of Product, Brand Image, and Quality of Service on Customer Loyalty, 3) Customer Trust on Customer Loyalty Causal Research design used to examine the influence between variables. Samples taken as many as 200 Sharp Electronics customer selected accidental sampling . Data collection using questionnaires. Hypothesis testing structural models is done with GeSCA ( Generalized Structured Component Analysis ). The result indicate there are significant influence on Quality of Product, Brand Image and Quality of Service on Customer Trust, Quality of Product have a significant influence on Customer Loyalty, while Brand Image and Quality of service is not a significant influence on Customer Loyalty. Customer Trust have a significant influence on Customer Loyalty. Keywords: Quality of Product, Brand Image, Quality of Service, Customer Trust, and Customer Loyalty.

A Study on Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Sectors

Abstract: Employee empowerment programs have been widely adopted in the public sector as well as private sectors as a way to improve employee performance. Empowered employees improve performance largely by finding innovative ways of correcting errors in production and service delivery and redesigning work processes. This study explores how psychological empowerment influences employee’s performance in small and medium scale enterprises. The objectives of the study is to present the correlation and impacts or influence of dimensions of psychological empowerment on employee performance. The study is descriptive type of research which is basically employed survey method. For the purpose of this study both qualitative and quantitative research approach were used. The respondents were stratified based on the activities they are engaged, then Simple random sampling design was used to collect data that were used to assess the four dimensions of psychological empowerment variables. Using a sample of 125 employed individuals of which 102 collected, a 12 item 5point likert scale of psychological empowerment measurement was developed with subscale reliabilities as follows: meaning (0.861), competence (0.754), self-determination (0.868) and impact (0.885). Similarly an 11 item 5 point likert scale with reliability test of Cronbatch Alpha 0.911 was used to measure performance. Primary data is the main source of data and the data were obtained by using questionnaire. To analyze the data inferential statistics were applied to gain an insight about the correlation between the variables and the influences that each variable have on dependent variable with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 software. The outcome from the study indicates that employee empowerment is essential in this era of globalization to enable the organization to respond quickly to any changes in the environment and take the advantage of employee performance. Respect and helping employees in their personal problems, nurturing their competency, letting them to select choices for meeting their needs, giving training, informing and involving them in decision making and rewarding fairly helps to empower as well as increase their performance. Keywords : Psychological empowerment, Meaningful work, Competence, self-determination, Impact and employee Performance.

Effect of Employee Participation in Decision Making On Performance of Selected Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: This study examined the effect of employee participation in decision making on performance of selected SMEs in Lagos, South Western Nigeria. Data was sourced from one hundred and twenty nine (129) employees and twenty seven (27) owner/managers of the randomly selected SMEs, with the aid of questionnaire. The data generated were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results showed that, overall, employee participation in decision making had significant positive impact on organizational performance in the SMEs, with (? = 0.597, t = 6.572, P<.01).The implication of this finding is that Nigerian SMEs should pay attention to human resource management practices which, they have hitherto, largely ignored, in the course of running their businesses. Increasing employee participation in decision making will impact positively on their growth and potential for survival. Key words : Employee participation, Decision making, Performance, SMEs and Nigeria.

Impact of CSR on Organizational Performance

Abstract: This research paper aims at proving the importance of CSR for the enhancement of the performance of the organizations. The six companies that have been focused are listed in the Pakistani index. The CSR (independent variable) has been analyzed by two indicators and Organizational Performance (dependent variable) has been analyzed by another two. Both primary as well as secondary data has been used and for the analysis descriptive, regression and correlation methods have been adopted. The findings depict a highly positive correlation between ROA and turnover out of all while the standard deviation for turnover is also abnormal. Regression results are not significant and appear to be rejecting the proposed model. Also at the end some recommendations have been made that highlight the importance of CSR for the betterment of the performance of the organizations. The overall study is a guiding force for the managers and a helpful tool for future researchers Keywords: CSR, Organizational Performance, Stakeholder Perspective.

Risk Management and Financial Performance of Banks in Nigeria

Abstract: Risk management issues in the banking sector do not only have greater impact on bank performance but also on national economic growth and general business development. The bank’s motivation for risk management comes from those risks which can lead to underperformance. This study focuses on the association of risk management practices and bank financial performance in Nigeria. Secondary data sourced was based on a 4year progressive annual reports and financial statements of 10 banks and a panel data estimation technique adopted. The result implies an inverse relationship between financial performance of banks and doubt loans, and capital asset ratio was found to be positive and significant. Similarly it suggests the higher the managed funds by banks the higher the performance. The study concludes a significant relationship between banks performance and risk management. Hence, the need for banks to practice prudent risks management in order to protect the interests of investors. Keywords: risk management, credit risk, financial distress, reputable risk, bank performance

Leveraging Social Media for Generation Y retention

Abstract: Social media has enmeshed into fabric of Generation Y (Gen Y), becoming part of their daily lives. Gen Y is the fastest growing workforce segment and its engagement is a top priority for organizations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of social media in engaging Gen Y employees and it highlights the burgeoning influence of social media on this generation. Furthermore, in congruence with psychological profile of this generation, a conceptual framework is proposed based on socio-technical system theory to engage Gen Y employees by leveraging social media tools. Implications and future direction of research are also discussed thereafter. Keywords : Social Media, Gen Y, HR, Retention

The Effect of Monetary and Non-Monetary Rewards on Employee Engagement and Firm Performance

Abstract: This research explores the concept of employee engagement and how employee engagement can be strengthened by offering monetary and non-monetary rewards to employees. The objective of this research was to assess the relationship between employee engagement and high firm performance. For testing hypothesis data were collected through questionnaires from 250 respondents. Hierarchical linear regression was used to estimate the effect of rewards on firm performance mediated through employee engagement. Results disclosed the fact that monetary and non-monetary rewards can increase the level of employee engagement and high level of employee engagement is an important cause for high firm performance. Keywords: Employee Engagement, Monetary Rewards, Non-Monetary Rewards, Perceived Organizational Performance

Review of Knowledge Management in Higher Education Institutions

Abstract: Higher education institutions are highly involved in business of knowledge; however they are taking responsibility of knowledge creation, sharing, transferring, storing, dissemination, reuse and learning. The purpose of this paper aims to analyze how knowledge is managed and useful in Higher education institutions. In the present study two of the highly discussed models have been studied i.e Strategic knowledge (SK) and Innovations knowledge (IK) in details. Strategic knowledge states that the basic source of knowledge is tacit and explicit, while at the other hand Innovations knowledge (IK) describes that basic source of knowledge is strategic knowledge. These Two conceptual models are designed keeping in view the available literature and currently practicing models. And finally the conceptual model of strategic knowledge (SK) and Innovations knowledge (IK) are compared. This comparison will be made by keeping in view the usefulness of Knowledge management in Higher education institutions. This paper emphasizes on how knowledge management add value to the Higher education institutions. Keywords: Knowledge management, Strategic Knowledge, Innovations Knowledge, Knowledge growth, Knowledge understanding and Higher Education Institutions.

The Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Industry –A Case of Jordan

Abstract: Due to the tough competition in the banking industry in Jordan, it is very necessary for financial institutions to build and maintain a strong relationship with the customers in order to achieve the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction. For this reason customer relationship management (CRM) has become more important in the service industry; especially in the banking industry. Therefore, the present study came to focus on the impact of CRM on customer satisfaction in banking industry of Jordan. The population of the present study is customers of Jordanian banks operating in Amman city, the capital of Jordan. 528 respondents were selected through convenient sampling and data has been collected through questionnaires which were self administered by researcher. The study proposed that there is no statistical relationship between CRM elements and customer satisfaction as a dependent variable. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables( i,e CRM elements represented by service quality, employee’s behavior, customer data base, solving customer problems physical environment; and social network interaction) and customer satisfaction as a dependent variable in the services banking industry. Keyword s : CRM ,Customer Satisfaction, Banking Industry, Services Marketing, Jordan.

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms Financial Performance and Shareholders wealth

Abstract: Our research has the basic purpose of finding the impact of corporate social responsibility on shareholders wealth and firms financial performance. We have selected three variables consisting of independent variable (corporate social responsibility), and dependent variable (firms financial performance and shareholders wealth) to conduct our research to find out the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Shareholders wealth and Firms Financial Performance. We tried to examine the effect either it is positive or negative between social corporate responsibility and shareholders wealth, firms financial performance. We have selected the sample of 10 firms that are highly rated as corporate social responsibility firms and 10 Non corporate social responsibility firms and evaluate their financial performance measures in accounting terms like ROA and ROE and shareholders wealth measures like EPS and stock price and try to find out whether there is any difference present between financial performance and shareholders wealth in CSR and Non CSR firms and supports our results by doing previous literature survey about that topic. Our research result shows the significant positive relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and firm’s financial performance and shareholders wealth. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Firms Financial Performance; Shareholders Wealth, Corporate Social Responsibility Firms, Non- Corporate Social Responsibility Firms.