Showing papers in "Experimental Eye Research in 2010"

TL;DR: The growth factor mediated synthesis ofSeveral different collagen types and the core proteins of several different leucine-rich type proteoglycans are required to produce collagen fibrils with the size and spacing needed for corneal stromal transparency.

TL;DR: The results of this study provide a detailed, comprehensive description of human corneal nerve architecture and density that extends and refines existing accounts and may predict or help to understand the consequences of cornesal nerve damage during refractive, cataract and other ocular surgeries.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the three major membrane mucins of the ocular surface, M UC1, MUC4, and MUC16, and describes how the ectodomains of each are released into the tear film and are, thus, a component of the soluble mucin of the tearFilm.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the involvement of specific apoptotic cascades as well as the insults that trigger RGC apoptosis are discussed and the existence of endogenous protective mechanisms as wellAs exogenous neuroprotective strategies are presented.

TL;DR: It is proposed that in the initiation of glaucoma (POAG) an alteration in the quality of blood flow dynamics in the optic nerve head results in sustained or intermittent ischemia of a defined nature, which results in normal mitochondrial function being negatively affected and as a consequence retinal ganglion cell function is compromised.

TL;DR: From a consideration of the dimensions, the dry mass contents and the protein distributions in the lens and in the various zones, it can be concluded that the juvenile nucleus and the layers contained within it, as well as most of theadult nucleus, were actually produced during prenatal life and the adult nucleus was completed within 3 months after birth, in the final stages of the prenatal growth mode.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used high-field micro-MRI to characterize the scleral thickness distribution and other geometric features of human eyes, especially near the region of the optic nerve head (ONH), in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

TL;DR: With this mouse glaucoma model, there was differential susceptibility to ocular elongation and RGC layer and axon damage among mouse strains and by age.

TL;DR: The modified technique of tissue preparation used for this study allowed for observation of new nerve structure features and, for the first time, provided a complete view of the human corneal nerve architecture, revealing that aging decreases the number of central epithelial nerve terminals, and increases the presence of irregular anomalies beneath the basal layer.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of laser photocoagulation (LP)-induced OHT on the survival and retrograde axonal transport (RAT) of adult rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC) from 1 to 12 wks found that a large proportion of RGCs had their RAT impaired.

TL;DR: The mechanisms involved in glaucomatous disease are summarized, the rationale for neuroprotection inglaucoma management is highlighted and current potential neuroprotective strategies targeting RGCs from the laboratory to the clinic are reviewed.

TL;DR: The characteristics of each RDH in vitro and the findings from knockout models that suggest the roles for each in the visual cycle are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that visual function can be restored in blind rats by transducing the ChR2V gene into retinal ganglion cells of genetically blind rats through transduction of the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene.

TL;DR: Induction of lysosomal dysfunction by lipid peroxidation-derived protein modifications results in increased lipofuscinogenesis and reduced autophagy activity in RPE cells in vitro, which may contribute to RPE cell dysfunction and degeneration in AMD.

TL;DR: The viscoelasticity of the tissue, which was evident with significant increases in stress and tangent modulus was associated with reductions in the regional variation in stiffness, which should be useful in improving the accuracy of representing the sclera's real-life conditions in numerical simulations.

TL;DR: A role for both D1 and D2 receptors in the ocular growth responses is supported, and two daily hours of unrestricted vision during negative lens wear normally prevents the development of myopia.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that Müller glial-derived neuronal progenitor cells are necessary to regenerate cones and that distinct mechanisms selectively regenerate rod and cone photoreceptors in the adult zebrafish retina and increases the understanding of the molecular pathways required for photoreceptor cell regeneration.

TL;DR: Recent findings regarding TLR expression and their involvement in various ocular surface diseases are discussed.

TL;DR: The clinical precedence for use of stem cell therapy and the accessibility of the transparent stem cell niche make the cornea a unique model for the study of adult stem cells in physiological conditions as well as in disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a human cell product that can be manufactured under conditions acceptable for clinical use and in quantities sufficient for treating large numbers of patients can rescue photoreceptors and sustain substantial visual function when injected into the subretinal space of a rodent model for retinal degeneration.

TL;DR: The finding suggests that IL-6 blockade may have a therapeutic effect on human ocular inflammation which is mediated via mechanisms distinct from those of TNF blockade and may represent an alternative therapy for patients with ocularinflammation who are refractory to anti-TNF mAb therapy.

TL;DR: In this article, NPD1 protected the RPE cells against both single-dose and repetitive oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and promoted higher levels of phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K pathways.

TL;DR: O-phospho-l-serine (L-SOP), a molecule that mimics the phosphatidylserine head group and partially blocks microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, disrupts Müller glia proliferation subsequent to or in parallel with ascl1a and stat3 activation, suggesting that at least one signaling mechanism is required to activate Müllerglia proliferation in the light-damaged retina.

TL;DR: In this mouse model, the majority of myofibroblasts developed from bone marrow-derived cells, although SMA-GFP- cells represent the largest population of cells in the corneas.

TL;DR: It is concluded that reconstruction of human ONH anatomy from 3D histology is possible, but that large inter-individual anatomic variations make morphometric analysis of the ONH very difficult in the absence of large sample numbers.

TL;DR: The age-related decline in macromolecular diffusion across Bruch's membrane suggests that in the elderly, the patency of the conducting pathways may be compromised and in the more advanced ageing of Bruch’s associated with AMD, the metabolic trafficking of carrier proteins may be severely impaired.

TL;DR: Corneal epithelial injury induces release of endogenous metabolites that are cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists and these responses are elicited through both EGFR dependent and EGFR-independent signaling pathways.

TL;DR: Evaluation of both PDGF and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) as potential therapeutic targets in the context of a rabbit model of PVR revealed that PDGFR-based approaches protected from PVR, whereas neutralizing PDGFs was a much less effective strategy.

TL;DR: The results indicate that lipid peroxidation products in vitro interfere with RPE lysosomal protease activities by two different mechanisms of action: (i) HNE and MDA directly inactivate lysOSomal cysteine proteases by covalent binding to the active center; and (ii) H NE-and MDA-mediated protein modifications convert proteolytic substrates into competitive inhibitors of lysoomal proteases.