Showing papers in "Fisheries in 1979"
TL;DR: As stream order (1-5) increased, width and depth and percent of channel containing rubble increased as mentioned in this paper. But the number of fish species, summer water space (depth times surface area) for fish, and total numbers of fish increased.
Abstract: As stream order (1–5) increased, width and depth and percent of channel containing rubble increased. With increasing order, channel gradient, channel elevation, and percent of channel composed of gravel decreased. As stream order increased, the number of fish species, summer water space (depth times surface area) for fish, and the total numbers of fish increased. With increasing order, the numbers of chinook salmon, rainbow trout, and sculpin increased, but the numbers of cutthroat trout and Dolly Varden decreased. The analysis demonstrated the value of headwater streams to Dolly Varden and to cutthroat and rainbow trout and resulted in management's emphasizing protection of such waters. Stream order can be used to determine approximate stream size by providing estimate of width and depth.
127 citations
TL;DR: Although suckers eat eggs and fry of some fishes, there was no evidence that such predation is harmful to prey populations, and studies suggesting competition for food failed to demonstrate that food was limiting, it is found that sport fish populations fare better in the absence of suckers or after sucker removal programs.
Abstract: Suckers are thought to be harmful to other species of fish because of predation on eggs and fry and from competition, mainly for food. This belief has led to many sucker removal projects to enhance sport fisheries. In a review of the literature, we found that (1) although suckers eat eggs and fry of some fishes, there was no evidence that such predation is harmful to prey populations; (2) studies suggesting competition for food failed to demonstrate that food was limiting (which is necessary for competition to occur); (3) evidence is equivocal that sport fish populations fare better in the absence of suckers or after sucker removal programs. Reasons for the poor evidence that suckers are detrimental are the complexity of species interactions in aquatic communities, particularly interactive segregation (Nilsson 1967), as well as the lack of removal projects in which sucker removal alone was the sole variable. Guidelines are suggested for studies designed to elucidate the role of suckers in fish co...
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present techniques developed at the Northeast Fisheries Center (NEFC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to estimate recruitment, total biomass, fishing mortality, and other parameters based on bottom-trawl survey data.
Abstract: Applications of bottom-trawl survey data to fish stock assessment are reviewed. Techniques developed at the Northeast Fisheries Center (NEFC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to estimate recruitment, total biomass, fishing mortality, and other parameters based on bottom-trawl survey data are presented and evaluated, using examples from past and current assessments.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of the Great Lakes salmonid fishery by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) has occurred with the cooperation of New York Sea Grant research and extension efforts.
Abstract: Resource management agencies involved in developing a sport fishery often lack the resources to deal with associated problems and potentials. As a result, the economic and social impacts on small communities affected by the fishery may be neglected. In New York State, the development of the Great Lakes salmonid fishery by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) has occurred with the cooperation of New York Sea Grant research and extension efforts. The following case study documents research and extension efforts designed to cope with diverse fishery development problems.
10 citations
TL;DR: The long-acknowledged impoverishment of the native freshwater fish fauna in peninsular Florida together with this region's tropical-subtropical climate and recent changes in water-flow patterns caused by channelization has made possible the successful establishment of many non-native fishes.
Abstract: The long-acknowledged impoverishment of the native freshwater fish fauna in peninsular Florida together with this region's tropical-subtropical climate and recent changes in water-flow patterns caused by channelization has made possible the successful establishment of many non-native fishes More foreign species of fish have become established1 in Florida than in any other state and now include 10 cichlids, 1 poeciliid, 1 clariid, 1 loriclariid, and 1 cyprinid2 The interconnected natural and man-made waterways of Florida provide few physical barriers to the dispersal of these fish Collectively and/or individually, these fishes may become one of the most important factors affecting the freshwater fisheries of this state Since it is impossible to forecast accurately the ultimate biological effects of introducing non-native fishes, purposeful introductions should be approached cautiously In general, biologists have not understood or communicated to the general public the likely environmental eff
10 citations
TL;DR: The value of cooperative education programs is suggested, and it is suggested that such programs particularly provide a means for potential employers of fisheries graduates to help mold the undergraduate program of their future employees.
Abstract: This paper reviews the problems of and current trends in bachelor of science programs in fisheries in those universities that have such training. It is noted that many students go into fisheries work from other programs; e.g., marine science, marine biology. Programs at representative institutions are summarized. Arguments are given in favor of specific fisheries programs at the B.S. level, but it is also argued that there may have to be alternative pathways with possibly a fifth year in some cases. Accreditation is not recommended, though there needs to be better exchange of information between students and universities and potential employers so that all are fully aware of the needs and expectations of the others. The value of cooperative education programs is noted, and it is suggested that such programs particularly provide a means for potential employers of fisheries graduates to help mold the undergraduate program of their future employees. In this way the contribution of the employee to th...
8 citations
TL;DR: University curricula must be restructured to produce persons fully capable of thinking, reasoning, and communicating and the emphasis on selecting students for admission into the universities should be based on quality instead of quantity.
Abstract: The requirements necessary for state employees to deal effectively with today's fisheries resource problems are beyond the training presently being provided in our universities. University curricula must be restructured to produce persons fully capable of thinking, reasoning, and communicating. The emphasis on selecting students for admission into the universities should be based on quality instead of quantity. Our future fisheries biologists need to be exposed to a course of studies that reduces the traditional technique development and factual memorization in favor of development of skills in topical problem-solving. Professors should spend more time in direct association with what is actually happening within the resources.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that federal fisheries responsibilities are becoming more complex, but without commensurate increases in numbers of personnel, and there is an important need to provide a broader education with increased exposure to decision-making and to the political system.
Abstract: Federal fisheries responsibilities are becoming more complex, but without commensurate increases in numbers of personnel. There is an important need to provide a broader education with increased exposure to decision-making and to the political system.
6 citations
TL;DR: The Wisconsin Lake Management Act (WLA) as mentioned in this paper describes the statutory basis for direct involvement of local property owners in the management of Wisconsin lakes through the creation and operation of a lake district.
Abstract: This article describes the statutory basis for direct involvement of local property owners in the management of Wisconsin lakes through the creation and operation of a lake district. Although the statute is less than five years old, over 100 communities have begun a management program and several have completed major projects.
4 citations
TL;DR: Many members of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) are now actively involved in a discussion of the status and future direction of fisheries education, including curriculum, training vs. education, unemployment, role of theses, grade inflation, certification, accreditation, civil service requirements, teaching effectiveness, continuing education, and the role of “soft” funds in academia as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: As a profession grows and matures its members typically take a greater collective interest in the education of future members of that profession. Many members of the American Fisheries Society are now actively involved in a discussion of the status and future direction of fisheries education. There are many issues in fisheries education: curriculum, “training vs. education,” unemployment, role of theses, grade inflation, certification, accreditation, civil service requirements, teaching effectiveness, continuing education, and the role of “soft” funds in academia.
4 citations
TL;DR: The attitude and efforts of individual professors represent the most critical factor in the preparation of fisheries scientists for employment in private industry as mentioned in this paper, and significant improvement can be achieved through broadening coursework, requiring short-term individual research with detailed analysis, and encouraging practical exercises in interdisciplinary work.
Abstract: Preparation of a fisheries scientist for a job in private industry is not greatly different from preparation of a fisheries scientist for a job in government or academia. Basically, a fisheries scientist's education must develop his abilities to reason and to communicate. Presently, North American universities are doing a barely acceptable job of educating fisheries scientists. Significant improvement can be achieved through broadening coursework, requiring short-term individual research with detailed analysis, and encouraging practical exercises in interdisciplinary work. The responsibility of private industry rests mainly in providing intern jobs or co-op programs, providing on-the job training, and making resources available to universities. However, the attitude and efforts of the individual professors represent the most critical factor in the preparation of fisheries scientists for employment in private industry.
TL;DR: A three-year-old Environmental Protection Agency program in lake restoration provides matching Federal funds to improve and enhance freshwater lakes as mentioned in this paper, but fisheries scientists have not been active in many of the funded projects.
Abstract: A three-year-old Environmental Protection Agency program in lake restoration provides matching Federal funds to improve and enhance freshwater lakes. To date, fisheries scientists have not been active in many of the funded projects. Fisheries personnel need to play a role in the local development and implementation of restoration programs to assure protection and enhancement of a fishery, one of a lake's most important and beneficial uses. Some fish improvement programs would be eligible for fifty percent Federal matching funds.
TL;DR: A procedure to assess the biological effects of power plants on fish populations by the derivation of a probable model not necessarily a mathematical model coded for a computer which is modified during the course of field monitoring studies initiated in the preconstruction (preoperational) period.
Abstract: We have devised a procedure to assess the biological effects of power plants on fish populations. It entails the derivation of a probable model not necessarily a mathematical model coded for a computer which is modified during the course of field monitoring studies initiated in the preconstruction (preoperational) period. A negotiating committee is advocated to assure good quality and appropriate studies. The advantages of our plan are sixfold: 1. Field monitoring will be terminated after an agreed time unless inadequate studies are conducted. 2. Imaginative scientists, currently supervising routine monitoring, can design and conduct studies that investigate key questions in population ecology. 3. Both statisticians and modelers have the opportunity to suggest or institute new field work. 4. The use of litigation to establish and assess the adequacy of current monitoring programs, where the burden of proof is on the utility, is by-passed, and instead the aim is to obtain a “reasonable resolution”...