Showing papers in "Geografie in 2017"
25 citations
16 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hot day is defined as the one with a maximum temperature above the 95th percentile of all the values in the analysed period, and a heat wave is considered as a sequence of at least 5 such days.
Abstract: This article aims to describe heat waves in Eastern Europe and to determine the synoptic situations which cause them. In this article, a hot day is defined as the one with a maximum temperature above the 95th percentile of all the values in the analysed period, and a heat wave is considered as a sequence of at least 5 such days. In the analysed period and within the investigated area, from 24 (Kaliningrad) to 55 (Kharkiv) heat waves were observed. The longest heat wave was recorded in Moscow in 2010, lasting as many as 45 days. In the analysed period, an increase in frequency and length of heat waves was observed within the analysed area. The occurrence of heat waves was connected with a high pressure system located over the eastern part of the continent, during which positive anomalies of sea level pressure and the 500 hPa geopotential height as well as positive T850 anomalies were recorded. key words air temperature – heat waves – climate changes – Eastern Europe tomczyk, a. m. (2017): Atmospheric circulation during heat waves in Eastern Europe. Geografie, 122, 2, 121–146. Received May 2016, accepted January 2017. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2017 122 geografie 122/2 (2017) / a. m. tomczyk
11 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study from the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands with well documented medieval mining activities demonstrates the typical dynamics of a small valley during the last centuries and also the possible rate of human impact.
Abstract: The formation processes of small valleys and long-term anthropogenic impact on its sedimentary archives may be studied by GIS, sedimentology and investigation into spatial and vertical geochemical characteristics in the context of mining activities. The case study from the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands with well documented medieval mining activities demonstrates the typical dynamics of a small valley during the last centuries and also the possible rate of human impact. The information value of the floodplain record as well as the development of the landscape geomorphology is discussed. The infilling of the river bottom is comprised of two main lithological units keeping information about medieval mining and ore processing as well as about past and recent agricultural activities. The most recent land use influenced the aggradation of the valley bottom less than land use during the Medieval times.
9 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: The economic, demographic and legal outcomes of the 2004 and 2007 EU eastwards enlargements reshaped the migratory context in Central and Eastern European (CEE) in many ways as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Most Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are net-emigration countries, in contrast to Western and Southern European countries, which usually represent net-immigration areas. The economic, demographic and legal outcomes of the 2004 and 2007 EU eastwards enlargements reshaped the migratory context in CEE in many ways. The article demonstrates, however, that in the decade (and more) that has passed since these enlargements, the changes in volumes and patterns of immigration to CEE have not been particularly substantial. This can be linked to the still relatively low economic attractiveness of the CEE region within the EU, and also to the importance of ethnic-based and local movements (but frequently from outside the EU after enlargements) in immigration to this region. These create a basis for, first of all, temporary and circular inflow. The article also acknowledges the diversity in developments in immigration within the CEE region. key words Central and Eastern Europe – EU enlargements – migration transition – immigra-
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Opršal et al. analyzed the geographical allocation of Czech aid and found that in most cases it was Czech economic and political interests that played a role in determining the aid allocation.
Abstract: This article analyzes the territorial allocation of Czech development assistance. The first part of the article (sections 2 and 3) provides an overview of the historical development and territorial aspects of Czech aid. The second part (section 4) employs regression analysis to examine the determinants of territorial allocation of Czech aid over the period 1998–2013. Czech aid flows to favoured countries in a relative proximity to Czechia and to the countries inherited from the communist era. The results of the regression analysis show that in most cases it was Czech economic and political interests that played a role in determining the allocation of Czech aid as well as some of the factors that reflect the recipients’ needs and aid effectiveness. key words foreign aid – official development assistance – aid allocation – Czechia – emerging donor opršal, z., harmáček, j., syrovátka, m. (2017): Geography of Czech aid: Where and why Czechia promotes development? Geografie, 122, 2, 169–189. Received June 2016, accepted December 2016. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2017 170 geografie 122/2 (2017) / z. opršal, j. harmáček, m. syrovátka
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report that Moldovan migrants acquire values through a process of relating them to prior experiences in their daily life in their origin, and that social remittances appear, but to limited extent, and are transferred depending on the operation of cleavages in Moldovan society.
Abstract: Migration theory and international policy recognises that migrant remittances play significant roles in shaping economic, social, and political transformations in origins and destinations. However, nobody deals with how migrants experience and use values. To contribute to the development of migration theory we integrate insights from modernization, social remittance, and cleavage frameworks. We test three propositions, that values are experienced in comparative and relational ways, that values are selectively transferred in context specific ways, and that values are constitutive of social and economic structures. Our original empirical account is derived from a sample of 28 Moldovan migrants living and working in Czechia. We report three main findings, first, Moldovan migrants acquire values through a process of relating them to prior experiences in their daily life in their origin; second, social remittances appear, but to limited extent, and are transferred depending on the operation of cleavages in Moldovan society; third, values respond to and reinforce corruption and low market demand in Moldova, and may perpetuate over the medium term owner/worker and government/society cleavages in Moldovan society. key words social remittances – human values – migration – migration-development nexus – interviews – Moldova – Czechia drbohlav, d., bailey, a., lupták, m., čermáková, d. (2017): Migrant values and social remittances across the contemporary migration-development nexus: the case of Moldovans in Czechia. Geografie, 122, 4, 526–553. Received October 2017, accepted November 2017. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2017 migrant values and social remittances... 527
7 citations
TL;DR: The authors studied migration attitudes in 19 European countries, including Czechia, and found that people in CEE countries tend to express considerably greater social distancing from individual immigrants than people in those European countries with relatively longer immigration experience.
Abstract: Using the European Social Survey data we studied migration attitudes in 19 European countries, including Czechia. We introduced and tested the assumption about the bi-dimensional nature of migration attitudes, where personalized attitudes towards immigrants as individuals might differ from the generalised attitudes toward immigration as a phenomenon. The results of our analysis have provided arguments to suggest that one person may in fact has rather positive attitudes towards individual immigrants (in term of willingness to accept them in closer contacts in everyday life) and at the same time express reservations about immigration as a phenomenon (be more sceptical about the positive outcomes of international migration). The article also contributes to the discussion about the country context, which seems to have an important effect on migration attitudes. People in CEE countries tend to express considerably greater social distancing from individual immigrants than people in those European countries with relatively longer immigration experience. But when it comes to attitudes towards immigration as a phenomenon, here the feelings are rather reserved all across Europe. key words immigration – attitudes towards immigrants in Europe – personalized and general attitudes – ethnic competition framework – social distance – European Social Survey čermáková, d., leontiyeva, y. (2017): “I do not mind immigrants; it is immigration that bothers me.” The inconsistency of immigration attitudes in Europe. Geografie, 122, 4, 500–525. Received September 2017, accepted October 2017. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2017 “i do not mind immigrants; it is immigration that bothers me.” 501
TL;DR: Alba et al. as mentioned in this paper examined how successful immigrant integration is on the two sides of the Atlantic through a systematic comparison of five countries: four in Western Europe (Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands) and the United States.
Abstract: This article examines how successful immigrant integration is on the two sides of the Atlantic through a systematic comparison of five countries: four in Western Europe (Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands) and the United States. The focus is on low-status immigrant groups, such as Mexicans in the United States and Turks in Western Europe. The comparison reveals that no one country is a clear winner or loser. How successful a country is in integrating immigrants and their children depends on the institutional context or domain being examined. The analysis explores a range of domains: race and religion as well as the labor market, residence, education, mixed unions, and national identities. key words immigration – integration – comparative analysis – Western Europe – United States alba, r., foner, n. (2017): How successful is immigrant group integration in the United States and Western Europe? A comparative review and analysis. Geografie, 122, 4, 409–428. Received November 2016, accepted April 2017. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2017 * This article is based on our semi-plenary presentation at the 13th Annual IMISCOE Conference, Praha, July 2, 2016. We are grateful to Maurice Crul, IMISCOE Coordinator, and Dusan Drbohlav. Chair of the Conference Committee, for the invitation. The analysis draws on, and is elaborated more fully in, our book, Strangers No More: Immigration and the Challenges of Integration in North America and Western Europe (Alba, Foner 2015), which also includes Canada in the comparison. The book also explains the data used in assessing the integration of immigrants and their children in the various domains considered in this article. 410 geografie 122/4 (2017) / r. alba, n. foner
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the 1783 Lakagigar eruption in Iceland and the 1815 Tambora eruption in Indonesia were investigated. But they did not consider the effect of the two eruptions on the weather in central Europe.
Abstract: Using documentary data and long-term temperature and
precipitation series for the years 1775-2007, climatic, weather
and other phenomena in the Czech Lands following the 1783
Lakagigar eruption in Iceland and the 1815 Tambora eruption in
Indonesia are investigated. The Lakagigar eruption had clear
post volcanic effects on the weather in central Europe (dry
fog, heavy thunderstorms, optical phenomena), with the
occurrence of significant cold temperature anomalies in winter
1783/84, spring 1785 and the summer and autumn of 1786. The
Tambora eruption was not accompanied by any particular weather
phenomena, but was followed by an extremely cold summer in
1816. A comparison of the two eruptions shows that the effects
of the Lakagigar eruption were climatologically stronger than
those of the Tambora eruption.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the level of Czech students' world-mindedness as compared to students from selected European countries (the Netherlands, Finland, Germany, Hungary and Serbia).
Abstract: In the past decades, when the life on the Earth became interrelated and mutually influenced, the education of the citizens of the world has been pushed to the foreground of the priorities pursued by educational objectives. Should the teaching of geography pursue this educational demand? Do our students think in global dimensions? Do they realise that the life on the Earth is interrelated? Is this knowledge translated into their attitudes and values? The asked questions outline the topic that has become a focus of international research (Beneker et al. 2013). It is the main goal of this paper to highlight the level of Czech students’ world-mindedness as compared to students from selected European countries (the Netherlands, Finland, Germany, Hungary and Serbia).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the interplay of protests and forced migration and analyze these events through the theoretical lens of Hirschman's "voice, exit or loyalty" model.
Abstract: In 2011 and 2012, many citizens in the Arab world arose in what became known as the ‘Arab spring’. This led to a spiral of suppression and more protests, notably in Syria. These did not topple the regime but escalated into a long civil war. Several million people were forced to seek shelter in other countries. Turkey became the main host country of Syrian and other refugees as well as the main gateway into the EU. This article focuses on the interplay of protests and forced migration and analyses these events through the theoretical lens of Hirschman’s ‘voice, exit or loyalty’ model. Itargues for a revision of the original voice/exit model, notably for acknowledging the interaction of ‘voice and exit’ and thus suggests a much more complex