Showing papers in "IEEE Lts in 1992"

Gigabit networking

Abstract: Factors driving gigabit networking are identified. The problem of wedding the local area networks (LANs) used to interconnect supercomputers to the long-distance networks used for telecommunications is discussed. Changes in computer and telecommunications networks to accommodate higher speeds, longer distances, and new technology are examined. The American National Standard High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) is considered. Connecting HIPPI to SONET and to FDDI is addressed. Circuit-switched, ring, and tree architectures for advanced networks are discussed. >

WDM local area networks

Abstract: Services and possible network topologies are discussed. The technological issues related to the implementation of such topologies are investigated, covering optical transmitters and receivers, tunable lasers and filters, and polarization control. Some experimental implementations reported in the literature are described. >

Multigigabit networks: the challenge

Abstract: Candidate transmitters, optical amplifiers, and detectors that can meet the very demanding constraints for digital multigigabit long-haul terrestrial communication systems through conventional fiber are reviewed. The focus is on optical devices capable of approximately 10-GHz response. Electronic issues are not addressed. The performance of existing and future external modulators, optical fiber amplifiers, and detectors is summarized. Some dispersion compensation schemes are examined, and the use of dispersion-shifted fiber for extending the reach of terrestrial networks is examined. >

Fiber optic subscriber systems

Abstract: The introduction of fiber subscriber systems is assessed from the viewpoints of incentives for the network operator, merits for the users, and the expansion of the social infrastructure. The design of point-to-multipoint transmission system, which will be applied to fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-floor systems, are presented. It is shown that the penetration of these systems depends on new service demand, especially for FTTH. Service development and system development are both essential. >

Photonics in switching (systems for telecommunications)

Abstract: One of the keys to the future of telecommunications companies will be their ability to provide new broadband services to both the business community and residential customers. With the new services will come the need for the equivalent of a broadband switching office. Such a system could require the capability of supporting in excess of 10000 users with broadband channel bit rates exceeding 100 Mb/s. This implies a switching fabric the aggregate bit rate of which could be greater than 1 Tb/s. Guided-wave technology and free-space technology switching fabrics are discussed. Three time-division-based switching fabrics are proposed, and two wavelength-division-based switching fabrics and two multidivision fabrics are described. The fine-grain space-division fabrics associated with S-SEED devices are discussed. The ways in which 2-D optoelectronic integrated circuits (2D-OEICs) or smart pixels could be used as the building blocks for larger and more complex switching fabrics are described. >

Wiring with plastic (optical fibre)

Abstract: The growing use of plastic optical fiber (POF) is examined. POF attachment links are discussed, and POF component and link performance is summarized. PC board layout and EMI considerations are addressed. For LAN hub and peripheral attachment applications, it is important that the fibre optic transceiver interface require the minimum back-plane area and make a negligible contribution to equipment EMI performance. The PC board layout of the transceiver is illustrated. >

Fiber channel in the local area network

Abstract: The fiber-channel standard, which permits workstation vendors to use one physical interface for peripheral control and network interfaces at gigabit rates, is discussed. Fiber channel specifications are reviewed, covering the physical model, transmission building blocks, class of service, connections, frame format, frame header, flow control and fiber channel fabrics. The fiber channel network at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is described. >

Advanced technology for fiber optic subscriber systems

Abstract: Key issues in handling optical frequencies for broadband communication services and constructing optical frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are discussed. The configuration of OFDM transmission systems, their use of multichannel frequency stabilization, multiplexer/demultiplexer, tunable filters, and common amplification systems, and the effects of optical-fiber nonlinearities of OFDM systems are described. The applicability of OFDM to various kinds of telecommunication networks, such as high-capacity end-to-end transmission, information distribution, multinode networks and subscriber systems of both transfer and access networks is discussed. >

Photonic interconnects for gigabit multicomputer communications

Abstract: The ways in which photonic and optoelectronic technologies could play an important role in future highly scalable and flexible interconnects for multicomputer parallel processing systems are discussed. For electronic interconnect implementation, the primary limitations arise from transmission drive power requirements, limited bandwidth, and the crosstalk-limited length. It is shown that photonic interconnects can relieve these bottlenecks in order to allow systems to scale to large numbers of nodes without degrading the interconnect performance. As an example, a network architecture capable of interconnecting thousands of processors with multigigabit average access rate per user, and peak access rates an order of magnitude higher is presented. The network topology is a shuffle-exchange, multihop, multipath, wraparound direct interconnect that utilizes self-routing and a deflection flow control technique to simplify and speed the processing. An experimental 2*2 photonic switching node based on the presented techniques is described. >

Optical amplification in trunk transmission networks

Abstract: Progress in trunk transmission technologies and the impact that these systems may have on the next generation high-speed communication networks are discussed. A nonrepeatered, long-span system field test carried out at 600 Mb/s is reported. The prototype system, using multiple in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and installed dispersion shifted single-mode fiber cables, was tested over a span of 300 km. Repeater spacing compatibility with the existing 600 Mb/s system was confirmed, and capacity upgradability to 10 Gb/s was verified. The bit-rate flexibility of the optical fiber amplifiers is discussed. >

Powering fiber-in-the-loop systems

Abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of centralized, local, and stand-alone solar (SAS) power systems for powering fiber-in-the-loop systems are discussed. The component costs of the three architectures and their life-cycle costs are estimated. It is shown that, while no single power architecture can be used ubiquitously, centralized power appears to have a cost advantage over local and SAS power for loop lengths less than about 5000 ft. For loops longer than 5000 ft., the optimum power architecture must be decided on a case-by-case basis. >

Digital fiber optic network synthesis

Abstract: A description is given of the digital fiber optic network synthesis program, or FONS, a computational aid for fiber optic designers to use in the development of networks that conform to given system performance specifications. The role that FONS plays is examined. Three application examples are given. Examination of the numerical results shows close agreement with manual power and bandwidth budget calculations using the same set of input parameters. >

Multihop logical topologies for gigabit lightwave networks

Abstract: A variety of physical and logical topologies for optical networks are discussed. The applicability of the multihop architecture as a viable solution for packet-switched lightwave networks is described. Design considerations of these networks and the advantages and disadvantages of using this approach are presented. The many tradeoffs to be considered when evaluating the various architectural alternatives are also discussed. >

Doing wavelength-division multiplexing with today's technology

Abstract: A local area network architecture is described that implements a WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) network requiring only N wavelengths to create a network that provides N*N concurrent, source-bandwidth-limited channels. The network concept is modular, extendable, and adheres to wide area network store and forward procedures to eliminate contention and thus make efficient use of the underlying links. In its simplest manifestation the network lowers implementation cost by reducing the number of optical transmitters and receivers by more than a factor of two with respect to an equivalent central matrix switch architecture and, by using WDM, reducing the amount of fiber by more than factor of N with respect to an equivalent mesh connectivity wired together as a physical star. To effect these economies the architecture uses both distributed switching and WDM. >

Operating fiber cable in subscriber networks

Abstract: The penetration of optical fiber cables into subscriber loop systems, currently in the initial or growing phase in many countries, is discussed. Current optical fiber cable and cable connection technologies that permit fast responses to network configuration changes are reviewed. Future cables and operation technologies, such as ultra-high-density cables, modules for remote automatic operation, and integrated smart cable operating systems are described. >

Electro-photonic devices for gigabit networks

Abstract: A photonic asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch that can achieve very high throughput by using two-dimensional optical functional devices for both optical buffer memories and an optical self-routing circuit is described. The photonic switch uses vertical to surface transmission electrophotonic devices (VSTEPs). It is shown that the optical cell signal speed in the proposed optical buffer memory can reach around 10 Gb/s, and the optical header-driven, self-routing circuit can switch 10 Gb/s optical signals. The maximum input and output port numbers in the self-routing circuit are estimated to be around 100. As a result, the total throughput for the photonic ATM switch can reach as large as the Tb/s level. >

Banishing the electron (exciton absorptive reflection switch)

Abstract: Some recent advances in the two-dimensional multi-quantum-well (MQW) array devices and their applications are reviewed, focusing mainly on the exciton absorptive reflection switch (EARS). It is an optically controlled three-terminal structure based on a self-electrooptic effect device (SEED). Smart pixels enable all-optical switching and processing with a massive parallelism. EARS has good performance in terms of high contrast and optical gain. EARS can perform photonic processing such as all-optical bit pattern matching and waveform regeneration. >

R&D directions for optical fiber

Abstract: The current status and R&D directions in optical fiber for use in communications systems, focusing on silica-based fibers, are reviewed. Fiber material systems, high-performance fiber designs, silica-based fiber reliability issues and fabrication processes, fiber passive components, fiber-based optical amplifiers and lasers, and fiber nonlinear effects are discussed. >