Showing papers in "International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education in 2019"

Emotion recognition using facial expressions

Abstract: This paper presents emotion recognition using facial expression. Emotion recognition is widely used in industrial applications where emotion of humans are used to derive conclusions on products and detection of suspective behaviour. In this project we have detected seven emotions of humans which are Happiness, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, Neutral, Surprise and fear. We have taken a set of still images, detected the facial region and the features are extracted. Features are extracted using Bag-Of-Features (BOF) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The feature vectors created by these techniques are used to train Support Vector Machines (SVM) and results are verified against a given test input. We have achieved satisfactory results for emotion recognition. We have found that HOG gives a better result the BOF

Grid interconnection of renewable energy sources at the distribution level with power quality improvement features

Abstract: A renewable energy source in solar form is the most imperative sustainable energy source as it is the endless source of energy. Photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaic's. It consists of a several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC. MPPT (Maximum Power Point tracking) is a technique used commonly with wind turbines and photovoltaic solar systems to minimize power extraction under all conditions. A grid-connected photovoltaic power system or grid-connected PV power system is electricity generating solar PV power system that is connected to utility grid. A grid-connected PV system consists of solar panels, one or several inverters, a power conditioning unit and grid connected equipment. Power Quality refers to the ability of electrical equipment to consume the energy being supplied to it. This project presents complete simulation modeling and control of three phase grid connected solar photovoltaic module including evaluation of various power quality issues. The proposed grid connected PV system will be developed on MATLAB\SIMULINK. The results will be justified by hardware module.

A Review of Electrocoagulation Process for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract: Electrocoagulation is a complex process with a multitude of mechanisms operating synergistically to remove pollutants from the water. A wide variety of opinions exist in the literature for key mechanisms and reactor configurations. A lack of a systematic approach has resulted in a myriad of designs for electro coagulation reactors without due consideration of the complexity of the system. A systematic, holistic approach is required to understand electro coagulation and its controlling parameters. This will enable a priori prediction of the treatment of various pollutant types.

Smart Agriculture using IoT

Abstract: Smart Agriculture is an approach to re-orient the practice of Agriculture. According to the survey performed, the existing system of Smart Agriculture has gaps in the communication side such as communication error due to unavoidable disconnections of the Wi-Fi module. The existing system get the power supply from external sockets. Thus, need of rechargeable source of energy to controllers and the sensors is lacking in the existing IoT system. Detecting the fault sensors in the deployed sensors aggregating faulty data is another problem that needs to be solved. The proposed system is focused on solving the three parameters as defines using open source tools such as Arduino and WAMPP. A fault detection algorithm has been implemented in the proposed work. The results from the proposed system eliminate the faulty sensors and alerting the user regarding those sensors, implementing GSM module for the communication error and using a solar panel and AAA batteries for an alternative source of rechargeable source of energy.

PKL Electricity- A Step forward in Clean Energy

Abstract: It is defined by some important parameters for PKL electrochemical cells. The parameters have been defined theoretically which are given by the following: (i) Open circuit voltage (Voc) (ii) Short circuit current (Isc) (iii)Voltage Regulation (VR) (iv) PKL power density (PD) (v) Energy Density(ED) of PKL, (vi) Capacity of the PKL cell( AH) (vii) Energy efficiency of a PKL cell (ηc) (viii) Maximum Power(Pmax) and ix) Load Power(PL) etc. The variation of these parameters with the variation of time has been studied. In this paper the variation of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, load voltage and load current with the variation of time in hours have been studied. All has been tabulated and graphically discussed.

Solar Water Pump for Vegetable field under the Climatic Condition in Bangladesh

Abstract: A solar water pump has been used for vegetable field under the Climatic Condition in Bangladesh. The solar cell which has been used for this water pump the I-V characteristics of those solar cell has been studied. The variation of Fill Factor (FF) and the conversion efficiency (ηc) have been observed in this research work. Furthermore, it has been found the different results for various solar cells under the Bangladeshi climatic conditions. The observable parameters were: Short circuit current, Open circuit voltage, Maximum useful power, Maximum useful current, Maximum useful voltage, Fill Factor, Conversion efficiency, Cell Area, Diode Series resistance, Shunt resistance.

Development of a new theory for PKL electricity using Zn/Cu electrodes: per pair per volt

Abstract: Energy is one of the most essential resources of the present world. We can not imagine the civilization without energy specially electrical energy. In broader sense we can divide electric energy in two types, one is non-renewable energy and the other is renewable energy. Due to the drawbacks of non-renewable energy and advantages of renewable energy, the use of renewable energy is increasing day by day. Eventually new sources and technology is coming out. One of the new technologies of renewable source is the production of electricity from Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL), the scientific name of that is Bryophyllum Pinnatum. We can easily produce electricity from PKL by immersing a Zinc and a Copper plate in to the juice of PKL. This system produces theoretically 1.1 volts per cell. So if we need higher voltage or higher current we need to combine more cells to get the desire power. To keep it in mind, In this paper a new approaches is presented to get more power from per cell of the PKL system which is out of traditional cell concept for per cell power.

Study of Exposure Rates from various Nuclear Medicine Scan at INMAS, Dhaka

Abstract: The aim of present study was conducted to measure external radiation exposures at various distances from the middle body of the patient for various scan. A special type of Gamma camera is used to detect the radiations from patients for having images. In this study the observation was conducted on about 106 patients and a Minirad series 1000#001749 survey meter is used to measure the exposure. It is noted that exposure rates of 99mTc-MDP whole body scan is higher than any other scans and exposure rates are 40.85 µSv/hr at a distance of 0.25 m & 5.97 µSv/hr at 2m distance. On the other hand lower dose rate are observed in 99mTc- DMSA renal scan and found at a distance of 0.25 m is 7.80 µSv/hr & 1.73 µSv/hr at 2m distance. The exposure rates were observed to be significantly varied with the activity of radio pharmaceuticals and it decreases with increasing distance from patient.

A Study on Performance of Ideal and Non-ideal Solar Cells Under the Climatic Situation of Bangladesh

Abstract: In this paper, it has been studied the I-V characteristics between ideal and non-ideal solar cells. The ideal curve was for before using the solar cell for irrigation and for vegetative & fruits field. It has been observed several parameters of solar cells for before and after use of irrigation and vegetative & fruits field like conversion efficiency and Fill Factor (FF). It was found that the value of the conversion efficiency and the Fill Factor (FF) decreases after use the solar cell. The I-V characteristics totally different between ideal and non-ideal solar cell.

Studies on Fabrication and Performance of Solar Modules for practical utilization in Bangladeshi Climate

Abstract: This paper indicates the solar module assembling and utilization under Bangladeshi climate. Solar irrigation works have been conducted using these solar modules assembled in Bangladesh. After irrigation this solar modules have been used also for vegetables field under Bangladeshi climate. It is found that the efficiency and the Fill Factor(FF) of the solar module is 18.04% and 77.46 under the Bangladeshi climate. Finally it is concluded that the assembled solar module is feasible and viable for practical utilization in Bangladesh.

The Present Scenario of Nanoparticles in the World

Abstract: Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting all of its properties. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules. Organic molecules coating inorganic nanoparticles are known as stabilizers, capping and surface ligands, or passivating agents. In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its transport and properties. Particles are further classified according to diameter.

Cultivation of Electricity from Living PKL Tree’s Leaf

Abstract: It has been conducted electricity from PKL (Pathor Kuchi Leaf) using PKL extract with positive and negative electrodes. Several research papers on it have been published at home and abroad in the recognized journal. This work has expressed the electricity generation from living PKL including tree. It has been found that due to the difference of pH between soil and living PKL electricity has been produced. The performance of this electricity has been studied. Authors have been developed this work that produced electricity from living PKL without damaging the PKL tree. Especially suitable for unused land areas such as hilly areas, forest areas, and coastal areas, those could supply clean power for remote communities in the world.

Solar Photovoltaic Electricity for Irrigation under Bangladeshi Climate

Abstract: In order to optimize the performance of SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) systems, one must first define what the system to be optimized is and what performance indicators should be used. Various indicators are used in the industry including Fill Factor(FF), Conversion Efficiency (ηc), specific yield (kWh/kWp), performance ratio (actual performance/theoretical performance), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE),Payback Period(PP) and internal rate of return (IRR). The fundamentals of SPV systems and how their performance can be measured are described throughout this chapter. Solar cells may be manufactured using a number of different semiconductors and techniques. The cell types used in this project were selected on the basis of being widely commercially available for terrestrial installations.

A study on electronic and ionic conductor for a PKL electrochemical cell

Abstract: In this work it has been studied about the electronic and ionic conductor. There are a lot of parameters for electronic and ionic conductor for PKL electrochemical cell. In this research work it has been studied the Anode & Cathode, Working electrode, Counter electrode, Reference electrode, Electrode potential, Relationship between the quantity of current(charge) and the quantity of (electro) chemical change, Modes of charge transport, The amount of chemical change is proportional to the amount of current passed, Signific-ance of charging currents, Ion transport, Transport numbers, Conductance of an electrolyte, Modes of mass transport, Conductivity of an electrolyte, Termin-al velocity of ion, mobility, opposing force, Resistance, oxidation and reduction reactions, and Minimizing R, IR Compensation have been studied.

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Conversion: A Brief Study

Abstract: The sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter, continuously generating heat by thermo-nuclear fusion reactions, which convert hydrogen atoms to helium atoms. This energy is radiated from the sun in all directions and a very small fraction of it reaches the earth. It is in the utilization of this small fraction of the total solar energy which reaches to the earth that we are interested in. Fusion energy is a form of nuclear energy released by the fusion (or combination) of two light nuclei (i.e. nuclei of low mass number) to produce a heavier nucleus. For two nuclei to fuse, they must come close enough to interact. However, similar electric charges repel one another, and since all nuclei carry a positive charge, an increasing force of repulsion develops as the two nuclei are brought closer together. Consequently, for the nuclei to fuse, they must have enough kinetic (or motion) energy to overcome the force of electrical repulsion that keeps them apart. For the force of repulsion to be small, and thus make fusion easier to achieve, the interacting nuclei should have small positive charges (i.e., low atomic numbers). The element hydrogen has the lowest atomic number, since the nuclei of its three isotopes all carry a single positive charge. Hence, hydrogen isotopes, which also have the light nuclei, should be particularly suitable for the production of energy by the fusion of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Using this solar radiation PV cell is used for generation of electricity. A brief study has been discussed about SPV conversion. This paper has discussed about the unit solar cell, solar module, solar panel, solar array, conversion efficiency of a solar cell, ideal I-V characteristics of a solar cell, Fill Factor (FF) of a solar cell, Building integrated SPV system, Grid connected SPV system, thin film solar cell and die-sensitized solar cell.

A Study on Research, Development and Demonstration Of Renewable Energy Technologies

Abstract: In this research work a study on Research, Development and Demonstration (RD & D) Of Renewable Energy Technologies has been conducted. The pace and extent of the contribution of new and renewable sources of energy and related technologies will depend, to a large extent, on scientific research directed towards their development and widespread utilization. The present RD duplication is widespread, and certain important aspects are relatively neglected and receive little attention. Moreover, currently the bulk of research is being carried out in developed countries; much of it will later on be extensively re-adapted for use in developing countries. A similar pattern is emerging for nuclear energy and also appears likely in future for the newer renewable-energy technologies (peaking after 2100 A.D). Accordingly, there has to be a more or less continuous effort for development of new renewable forms of energies. This effort should be at national, as well as regional and international levels, and an action plan upto year 2020 or 2030 should be worked out for every developing country.

Portable Camera-Based Assistive Textan product Label Reading from Hand-Held objects for Blind Persons

Abstract: A camera-based assistive text reading framework to help blind persons to read the text labels and product packaging from hand-held objects in their day to day life. To separate the object from jumbled background or preceding neighbouring objects in the camera vision, we initially propose an efficient and effective motion based method to define a district of interest (ROI) in the video by ask the consumer to tremble the object. This scheme extracts moving object region by a mixture-of-Gaussians-based background subtraction technique. In the extract ROI, text localization and recognition are conduct to obtain text details. To mechanically spotlight the text regions from the object ROI, we suggest a novel text localization algorithm by knowledge grade description of stroke orientations and distributions of edge pixels in an Ad a boost model.

Use of ICT for Primary science Teaching and Learning at the Primary Schools in Bangladesh

Abstract: The primeor ultimate objective of teaching science is to develop such skills in a student which helps him to know the facts, principles of science, its applications, identify the objects and to make concept celerity through the use of teaching learning materials. This study investigated primary school teachers’ perceptions of the barriers and challenges preventing them from integrating ICTs in the Primary science classroom. The study adopted a qualitative and quantities mixed approach research that is in line with the phenomenological perspective as it sought to acquire knowledge through understanding the direct experience of others by engaging with participants through semi structured interviews and classroom observations. The participants of this study were 40primary School teachers from 20 schools purposively sampled based on qualities like class level, working experience and gender. According to the findings of the study primary school science teachers are not yet ready to integrate ICTs into their classrooms due to a number of obstacles that include unavailability of infrastructure, equipment and web based resources in the classrooms. Teachers also lacked competence, in service training and technical support, as well as technological pedagogical content knowledge on how to integrate ICTs into teaching and learning of primary science subject. Teacher education programs should therefore adequately prepare new teachers and equip them with skills and pedagogical skills necessary integrate ICTs into their teaching. The study recommends that government forms partnerships with public and private sector to enable internet access, affordability, connectivity and coverage for all schools.

A Study on Some Other Likely Renewable Sources for Developing Countries

Abstract: The organized utilization of geothermal energy, from hot springs & underground steam, for the production of electricity, and the supply of domestic and industrial heat, dates from the early years of the twentieth century. Since geothermal energy must be utilized or converted in the immediate vicinity of the resource, to prevent excessive heat-loss, the entire fuel cycle, from resource-extraction to transmission, is located at one site. This reduces costs and the risks of the environmental impacts of fuel cycle, and also facilitates environmental protection-measures (in contrast, the different stages of the coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear fuel cycles are normally located at widely separated sites). Unlike fossil-fuel or nuclearpower production, geothermal energy is not a technology that requires massive infrastructure of facilities and equipment or large amounts of energy input. The capital cost runs around $ 500,000 per M.W. and the electricity thus, costs 15 mils/kwh, which is almost as cheap as hydro-electricity. Both the total quantity of gases in the fluid and the relative concentration of their constituents, depend on the geochemistry of the underground reservoir. Geothermal steam contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen and boric acid. In steam dominated fields (for example, the Geysers, California, and Larderello, Italy), composition of discharged steam corresponds to that at depth. However in high temperature water-dominated fields, the proportion of gas in the steam depends on the extent to which steam has flashed from the original high-temperature water. The gases (except ammonia) are predominantly concentrated in the steam-phase and the gas/steam ratio decreases with increasing steam- proportion in the discharge.

A guide to phytochemical analysis

Abstract: Plants are a very important source of nutrients and a very important part in the human diet. They provide us carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, cholesterol lowering compounds, antioxidants and other important sources of biologically active substances. Many nutritional values of plants have been discussed in the literature but there is very limited research in the biologically active compounds that are present in them. These biologically active compounds are called as phytochemicals. These phytochemicals are derived from every part of the plant including roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds etc. These phytochemicals are sometimes used as such and in some cases they form the raw materials for a variety of other medicinally important compounds. In this paper we will be discussing about the different methods for the collection, processing, extraction of the phytochemicals from the different plants and also the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals that are present in the same.

A study on voltage harvesting from PKL living plant

Abstract: It has been harvested voltages from PKL living plants. The voltages were taken using Zn and Cu plats as a +ve and –ve electrodes. The Zn was used as a cathode and the Cu was used as an anode. The size of the Zn was 0.05 m x 0.024 m and the size of the Cu was 0.055m x 0.023 m. The PKL was embedded by Zn and Cu plate. The size of the embedded part was 0.04 m x 0.02 m and the size of the embedded part of the Cu plate was 0.051 m x 0.02 m. The voltage was taken for both single pair and double pair electrode system. The open circuit voltage for single pair was 0.78 volt and for double pair was 1.5 volt. The harvested voltage was almost twice from single pair. Hence, it can be said living PKL plats can be made electrochemical cell, because double pair system was made by series connection. It has been found for long term study. It was seen that the harvested open circuit voltage was almost same. The self-discharge characteristics of the living PKL plats have been studied. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed.

The Situation of Renewable Energy Policy and Planning in Developing Countries

Abstract: Developing countries generally do not have elaborate policies to support development of renewable energy technologies. They lack plans and strategies, laws and regulatory frameworks, market mechanisms, financial tools, and incentives. However, some have already developed comprehensive plans and policies amongst these are, Chinese Renewable Energy Plan; India’s Renewable Energy Programme; Korea’s Basic Plan for Renewable Energy Technology Development and Dissemination, Thailand’s Small Power-producer Program, Argentina’s Renewable Energy and Rural Markets Program, Morocco’s Global Rural Electrification Programme; and Chile’s Rural National Electrification Program. Certain international development programs for developing countries are designed to promote renewable energy with the active role of bilateral and multilateral assistance-agencies, international financial instititutions (IFIs) or private foundations.

Human Emotions Detection using Brain Wave Signals

Abstract: Here we focus on issues and challenges of research project that was designed to assess the different human emotions through Electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG measurement is noninvasive and inexpensive, and have a very high sensitivity to receive information about the internal (endogenous) changes of brain state, and offer a very high time resolution in the millisecond range. Because of the latter property, these data are particularly suited for studies on brain mechanisms of cognitive-emotional information processing which occurs in the millisecond range. It has been well known that specific cortical and sub-cortical brain system is utilized and have been differentiated by regional electrical activities according to the associated emotional states. There are important challenges we face while developing efficient EEG signals emotion recognition are: (i) designing a protocol to stimulate unique emotion than multiple emotions , (ii) develop a efficient algorithm for removing noises and artifacts from the EEG signal, (iii) utilize the suitable and efficient artificial intelligence technique to classify the emotions. In addition,emotional activities of the brain causes difference EEG characteristics waves, it has been attempted to investigate the brain activity related to emotion through analyzing EEG.

Implementation of IoT System Using Blockchain With Authentication And Data Protection

Abstract: Blockchain allows users and data providers to ensure authentication, authorization and data validity with proper multi-key exchange authentication for user identity and hash key for Blockchain so that the data is not just stored but also validated each time the user access. In this paper, we apply ZeroKnowledge proof to a Strong rooms using RFID Card reader and Camera module IoT systems to prove that a prover without disclosing information such as public key enhances the anonymity of Blockchain.

Footstep Power Generation System

Abstract: In today’s era necessity of Non- Conventional energy has increased as the requirement of power is also increasing gradually. Renewable sources such as solar, wind etc. are used to deal with this human necessity of power. However these sources are not enough and alongside the wastage of energy is increasing by several means. To overcome this problem we intent to employ the power released by human locomotion by engineering the floors with piezo electric sensors specially in more populated areas. These sensors sense the pressure of footsteps and convert the same into electrical energy. This will neither adulterate the environment, nor the change in climatic conditions can affect this. This kind of technology is an economical way of power generation and has ample of applications.

Automatic Fruit Grading and Classification System Using Computer Vision: A Review

Abstract: Automation in food process comes into play to extend productivity, quality and profitable growth of the country. Fruit grading is a very important method for producers that affects the fruits quality analysis and export market. though the grading and sorting will be done by the human, however it's slow, labour intensive and tedious. Hence, there's a necessity of associate degree intelligent fruit grading system. In recent years, researchers had developed various algorithms for fruit sorting exploitation pc vision. Colour, textural and morphological options area unit the foremost unremarkably wont to determine the diseases, maturity and sophistication of the fruits. Techniques embody cluster and color primarily based segmentation, artificial neural network and totally different classifiers primarily based classification of diseases. the most focus of our work is getting the analysis of various fruit diseases detection techniques. later, these options area unit wont to train soft computing technique network. during this paper, use of image process in agriculture has been reviewed thus on offer associate degree insight to the utilization of vision primarily based systems by light their blessings and downsides.

A Review on Solid Waste Management

Abstract: Solid waste is the useless, unwanted and discarded material resulting from day to day activities in the community. Solid waste management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is one of the vital issues in the contemporary urban environment, more particularly in developing countries. Municipal Solid Waste generation consists of organic and inorganic waste materials generated by various activities of the society. Improper disposal of solid waste can pollute all vital components of the environment (i.e., air, land and water).Even though land filling of waste is the least favourable option in the waste management hierarchy, the majority of municipal solid waste (MSW) in many countries is still land filled. This represents waste of valuable resources and could lead to higher environmental impacts compared to energy recovered by incineration, even if the landfill gas is recovered. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) as a tool, this paper aims to find out which of the following two options for MSW disposal is more environmentally sustainable incineration or recovery of biogas from landfills, each producing either electricity or co-generating heat and electricity. The systems are compared on a life cycle basis for two functional units: ‘disposal of tonne of MSW’ and ‘generation of 1 kWh of electricity’. The results indicate that, if both systems are credited for their respective recovered energy and recyclable materials, energy from incineration has much lower impacts than from landfill biogas across all impact categories, except for human toxicity.

Modeling of bldc motor with ideal back emf for automotive applications

Abstract: Automotive Industry is targeting sustainable transportation in near future. Therefore hybrid and electric vehicles are going to be popular due to their sustainability, energy saving and zero emission. Electric motors play a significant role in Electrical Vehicles. In wheel motor technology is being used in modern electric vehicles to improve efficiency, safety, and controllability of vehicle nowadays. BLDC motor has been demanding as an in-wheel motor in electric vehicles because of high efficiency, desired torque versus speed characteristics, high power density and low maintenance cost. In this paper, BLDC motor with ideal back-EMF is modeled and simulated in MATLAB / SIMULINK.

sensor based accident prevention system in curving

Abstract: In developing country accident is main cause of death. The intensity of deaths are more in curved roads i.e mainly in U-Turn, Hairpin bend roads and mountain narrow roads. In this case the driver can’t see the vehicle coming from the other side. Because of which thousands are losing their lives in accident. The solution for this problem is alerting the driver about the vehicle coming from the other side. This is done by keeping the ultrasonic sensor on one side of the road before the curve and keeping LED light after the curve, so that vehicle coming from the one side of the road is sensed by the ultrasonic sensor and LED light glows at opposite side. By looking at the LED light driver become alert and slow down the speed of vehicle.

Face Recognition with Partial Face Recognition and Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract: Face is the major part of the human which provides the identification of the person. With the help of characteristics of the face, the face recognition system can be implemented. In traditional attendance system, the teachers call student and mark according to present and absent. These traditional techniques are time-consuming. In this paper, the smart machine learning based face recognition approach has been proposed. The database is created by capturing the faces of the authorized students. The face is detected using deep learning based approach. The cropped images then stored as a database with respective labels. The features are extracted using PCA algorithm and classi_ed using SVM and KNN. The proposed approach achieves the recognition rate of 98% for SVM and 92% for KNN algorithm. The proposed system is implemented in real time using Raspberry pi 3 board.