Showing papers in "international journal of chemical sciences in 2010"

Supercritical Fluid Extraction : A Review

Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction is the most effective and efficient way to extract valuable constituent botanicals. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids that is CO2 as the extracting solvent. CO2 is the king of extraction solvents for botanicals. Extraction conditions for supercritical CO2 are above the critical temperature of 31°C and critical pressure of 74 bar. Supercritical fluids are highly compressed gases, which have combined properties of gases and liquids in an intriguing manner. Supercritical fluids can lead to reactions, which are difficult or even impossible to achieve in conventional solvents. It is a fast process completed in 10 to 60 minutes. A supercritical fluid can be separated from analyte by simply releasing pressure, leaving almost no trace and yields a pure residue.

Photocatalytic Treatment of Textile Industrial Wastewater

Abstract: The main target of this project is to investigate experimentally the removal the dyestuff from dyeing textile industrial wastewater by photosensitization process, for its reuse in the same industry or for domestic purpose and/ or irrigation. In the present work, the photocatalytic decolorization of two collected samples of real and one prepared simulated textile industrial wastewater was examined under artificial source of irradiation using titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The effects of various operational parameters such as catalyst mass, type of catalyst, type of reactor, type of dye, dye concentration, and temperature were also investigated. Photolysis and photocatalytic treatments were carried out over a suspension of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide under artificial irradiation. The progress of treatment stages was followed spectrophotometrically at different wavelengths. Under optimal conditions, the extent of decolorization was about 100 % after different periods of time ranging from 20 to 100 minutes. The decolorization percentages differ with the difference in type of dye used in textile industry. The results indicate clearly that titanium dioxide and zinc oxide could be used successfully in photocatalytic treatments of textile industrial wastewater. However, the order of their activity is- ZnO > TiO2 (Anatase) > TiO2 (Rutile) Incubations of colored industrial wastewater without light and without catalyst was also performed to demonstrate that decolorization of the dye requires the presence of both ; light and catalyst. Key words: Photocatalytic treatments, Industrial wastewater, Titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide, Decolorization efficiency.

Metal -Chelator Therapy : Stability Constants of Transition Metal Complexes of Pyrimidine and Sulphonamide Drugs

Abstract: Stability constant of metal complexes of pyrimidine and sulphonamides drugs were determined using spectrophotometric method. Stability constants of the complexes were determined at 25o C. Ionic strength was maintained constant using 0.1M KNO3. .Stoichometry of the complexes by Job’ s method showed that metal-drug ratio is 1 : 2. For the metal salts, the order of stability constant (β) was found to be Cu (II) > Fe (III) > Ni (II) > Co (II) > Zn (II) in accordance with lrving- Williams series. The overall stability constants (β) were found to be log 10.68, 5.5 and 4.8 for trimethoprim, sulphadiazine and sulphadimidine, respectively. The order of stability constant follows this trend: Trimethoprim > Sulphadiazine > Sulphadimidine. The stability constant data revealed that this ligand may be used as antidote or chelating agent for medical treatment of metals overload or poisoning.

Reverse micellar separation of lipases : a critical review

Abstract: Production of lipases in large scale through conventional methods is quiet expensive; and the activity/stability so obtained is low. This review discusses about the potential of improving the downstream processing of lipases by using reverse micellar solvent separation and also highlights the fundamental aspects of its application in the biotechnology industry. This paper aims at bringing out the features of reverse micelle extraction of lipase using surfactants, through experimental data. The activity recovery, extraction efficiency and purification factors were improved many-folds. It is one of the best technology for safe liquid-liquid extraction of enzymes.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Eriochrome Black T using Ammonium Phosphomolybdate Semiconductor

Abstract: The photocatalytic degradation of eriochrome black T was investigated using ammonium phosphomolybdate semiconductor, under visible light irradiation. Ammonium phosphomolybdate semiconductor was used as a photocatalyst for degradation of eriochrome black T under different conditions of pH, amount of semiconductor, dye concentration and light intensity. The degradation rate was affected by all these parameters. The degradation of dye followed pseudo-first order kinetics. A maximum degradation of 93.9 % was achieved after irradiation time of 5 hours. The mechanism of photocatalysis has been discussed.

Phytoconstituents with hepatoprotective activity.

Abstract: Liver plays a vital role in metabolism and excretion. Liver ailments needs to be treated with utmost care. In India, there are about 100 medicinal plants used in 33 herbal formulations. These hepatoprotective plants have the phytoconstituents such as phenyl compounds, coumarins, essential oils, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and other nitrogenous compounds. A brief review of phytoconstitments with hapatoprotective activity has been reported.

Solar photolysis and photocatalytic treatment of textile industrial wastewater

Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate experimentally the removal the dyestuff from dyeing textile industrial wastewater by photosensitization process, for reusing it in the same industry or for domestic purpose and/ or irrigation. In this study, the photocatalytic decolorization of two collected samples of real and one prepared simulated textile industrial wastewater using titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were examined under natural weathering conditions. The effect of various operational parameters such as catalyst mass, type of catalyst, type of reactor, type of dye, dye concentration, and temperature were investigated. Photolysis and photocatalytic treatments were carried out over a suspension of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide under solar irradiation. The progress of treatment stages was followed spectrophoto- metrically at different wavelength. Under optimal conditions, the extent of decolorization was 100% after different periods of time ranging from 10 to 100 minutes. The decolorization percentages differ with the difference in type of dye used in textile industry. The results indicate clearly that titanium dioxide and zinc oxide could be used efficiently in photocatalytic treatments of textile industrial wastewater. However, the activity fell in the sequence: ZnO > TiO2 (Anatase) > TiO2 (Rutile) Decolorization of real and simulated textile industrial wastewater without light and without catalyst was performed to demonstrate that decolorization of the dye depends on the presence of light and catalyst, both.

Studies on physico-chemical parameters of Purle pond water of Shivamogga, Karnataka (India).

Abstract: Purle pond of Shivamogga is one of the important sources of water supply to agricultural areas receives domestic waste water almost throughout the year and exhibits abundance of phytoplankton population. An year long study was conducted to measure various physico-chemical parameters like temperature, turbidity, conductivity, hydrogen ion concentration, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, BOD, alkalinity, hardness, presence of various radicals etc., The turbidity of pond water was found to be highest during June-July and lowest in the month of November. BOD was highest in the month of July while lowest in December. The study revealed that there is greater degree of pollution in the studied pond and hence, preventive measures are required to avoid further deterioration of the pond water quality. The estimated water quality parameters were compared with the WHO and IS standards.

Removal of azo dye compounds from paper industries wastes using phytoremediation methodology.

Abstract: Environment pollution is one of the human’s unsolvable problems from the start of the industrial revolution and colonization. Phytoremediation is one of the measures in order to counter the problem of accumulation of the wastes in the soil in the form of inorganic and organic wastes. Treatment of soil for removal of these wastes is a tedious and uneconomical way. But, phytoremediation is one of the effective means in this regard. Certain species of plants like-grasses (rye, bermuda, sorghum, fescue); legumes (clover, alfalfa, cowpeas), sunflowers; Indian mustard; rape seed plants; barley, hops; crucifers; serpentine plants; nettles, dandelions have the inherent ability to accumulate these wastes within it, by absorption through root. They also have the ability to detoxify and metabolize them within the plant. This potential property is effectively used in the removal of the wastes like azo dyes, colorants, metal components, phenolic, and other organic and inorganic wastes. This paper documents, the phytoremediative activity of the plant Eucalyptus spp. in absorbing the azo dyes. The evidence for the effective role of Eucalyptus spp. in absorption of the azo dyes is experimentally shown by the gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis. Also, the planting of plants and trees for the phytoremediation in turn reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus, global warming and other residual effects of air pollution. Also, this method is cost effective and reliable.

Insecticidal Property of Flavinoid Isolated from Tephrosia Purpuria

Abstract: Flavinoid glycosides fraction FR-1 and FR-2 were isolated from Tephrosia purpuria. These were used in five different concentrations. They showed more than 90 mortality within 24 hr. period to Callosobruchus maculatus grubs, which feeds upon Phaseolus mungo .The plant used in the present study is of medicinal value, which has yielded some toxic ingredients as insecticidal compound.

Recent Advances in Chalcones as Antiinfective Agents

Abstract: L.�B.�S.�CollegeofPharmacy,�JAIPUR�(Raj.)�INDIA� a I.�P.�S.�SchoolofPharmacy,�INDORE�(M.P.)�INDIA� b R.�G.�P.�V.�V.,�BHOPAL�(M.P.)�INDIA� ABSTRACT Chalconesareimportantprecursorsofflavonoidsan disoflavonoids.� Naturallyoccuringand� syntheticchalconesshowvariousbiologicaleffects e.g.� anti/inflammatory,� antitumour,� antibacterial ,� antituberculer,�antiviral,�antiprotozoal,�gastropro tective,�andothers.�Chalconesareleadcompoundsf orthe� discoveryofantioxidant,�anti/inflammatory,�antitu mourandantiinfectiveagents.�Thisreviewhighligh ts� recentdevelopmentsofchalconeswithantiinfective �properties.�

Phytochemical Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia Nilagirica

Abstract: Artemisia Nilagirica (Clarke) plant posses various pharmacological properties like antileishmanial activity, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antiseptic, expectorant, astringent, and antiinflammatory. Phytochemical screening of Artemisia Nilagirica was carried out. Results indicate that this plant contains flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, proteins and essential oil. Column chromatographic study of ethanolic extract of Artemisia Nilagirica was performed and sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoid were isolated and characterized by IR, Mass, NMR spectroscopic data.

Photocatalytic decolorization of bismarck brown r by suspension of titanium dioxide

Abstract: Photocatalytic decolorization of an aqueous bismarck brown R (4-(5-C2, 4-diamino-5- methylphenyl) diazenyl-2-methylphenyl) diazenyl-6-methylbenzene-1, 3-diamine dihydrochloride solution in a suspension of titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) was carried with the use of artificial light sources (UV- A). The disappearance of the original colored dye concentrations with irradiation time was monitored spectrophotometrically by comparison with unexposed controls. It is noticed that the photocatalytic decolorization process was high at the beginning and then decreased with time following pseudo first- order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The effects of various process variables on decolorization performance of the process such as catalyst concentration, pH and dye concentration have been investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increases by increasing catalyst loading from 0.5 to 1. 75 g/L, above which the decolorization efficiency decreased with further increase in catalyst loading. The results also showed that the decolorization efficiency increases with increase in pH, attaining maximum value at pH 6.61. After pH 7, there was a steep decrease in the percent degradation with increase in pH value. It was observed that the decolorization efficiency gradually decreased with increase in initial dye concentration. Results indicated that decolorization efficiency was accelerated by a rise in temperature.

Development and validation of rp-hplc method for the estimation of rosuvastatin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form

Abstract: A simple, rapid, sensitive, reproducible and precise high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of rosuvastatin in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical dosage form. In this method, RP-C18 column (100 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 µm particle size) with mobile phase consisting of 0.02M phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60 : 40 v/v in isocratic mode was used. The detection wavelength is 242 nm and the flow rate 0.6 mL/min. The linearity was found in the range of 20-100 µg/mL and shows a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The retention time of the drug was 3.424. The proposed method was validated by determining sensitivity, accuracy, precision and linearity. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible and hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of rosuvastatin in pure and tablet dosage form.

Area Under Curve and Second Order Derivative Spectroscopy of Metaxalone in Bulk Drug and Tablet Formulation

Abstract: Two simple, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for metaxalone in pharmaceutical dosage form. Metaxalone has absorbance maxima at 278 nm. Method-A is area under curve (AUC) method, which involves the calculation of integrated value of absorbance with respect to wavelength between 246-288 nm Method-B involves the derivatisation of the primary absorption spectra for the second order. The amplitude (DL) of the long wave peak satellite of the second order curve was measured in mm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 40-240 µg/mL in these two methods. The results of analysis were validated statistically and the recovery studies were found to be satisfactory. The additives and common excipients did not interfere in their determinations.

Anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of leaf extract of Asparagus racemosus for its anti-inflammatory effect. Study on ethanol extract from the leaves of Asparagus racemosus Willd. of Indian origin revealed that ethanol extract displayed marked anti-inflammatory effect at a dose of 600 mg/kg causing a maximum inhibition of about 46 % in paw oedema induced by carrageenan. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of leaves of Asparagus racemosus revealed that sterols and flavonoids type of compounds might be possibly responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract, which supports the folk medicinal utilization of this plant.

Glipizide : some analytical, clinical and therapeutic vistas

Abstract: Glipizide is a second generation sulphonylurea with promising hypoglycemic activity. It acts by stimulating the release of insulin from β-cells of pancreas. Glipizide is absorbed rapidly, uniformly with good mean oral bioavailability. It offers several advantages such as swift and short action, high potency and also does not accumulate in plasma on repeated oral administration. Safety profile and effectiveness of glipizide has been well documented in commendable number of experimental models and clinical studies. It is generally well tolerated and categorized as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug due to poor water solubility and good permeability. Various analytical methods have also been reported for determination of glipizide in biological fluids. The present article provides a comprehensive review on various analytical methodologies, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical evaluation, toxicology and therapeutic applications of glipizide.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-microbial screening of novel heterocyclic systems containing bridgehead nitrogen atom

Abstract: The facile synthesis of 3-substituted-2-phenyl-benzimidazo(2, 1b) pyrazolo (3,4 d) (1, 3) thiazole (4a-j) has been achieved by the reaction of 2-mercapto benzimidazole with chloroacetic acid. It affords benzimidazol-2-thio acetic acid (1) , which on cyclization with a mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine furnishes thiazolo (3, 2-a) benzimidazol-3 (2H)-one (2) , (2) on condensation with different aryl aldehydes furnishes arylidine thiazolidinone (3a-j) followed by treatment with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of sodium acetate affords (4a-j) . All the synthesized compounds have been supported by spectral analysis. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds has also been evaluated.

Limnological studies to assess the water quality of "tapti pond" at multai district, betul (m.p.)

Abstract: A study on water quality of Tapti pond has been reported, which is based on the physico- chemical characteristics. It indicates the high degradation in level of water quality of Tapti pond. The parameters chosen are pH, DO BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate. TDS, etc., which has impact of on water quality of this pond.

Cardio protective activity of inula racemosa

Abstract: Myocardial ischemia is one of the serious cardiac related disorders. Myocardial ischemia was induced in the rats by isoproterenol administration (20 mg/100 g subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hrs.). Inula racemosa has been indicated for its use in cardiac disorders. Hence, extract of roots of the plant Inula racemosa and alantolactone, which has been isolated from the roots of Inula racemosa were subjected for evaluation of their cardio protective activity in myocardial ischemia (100 mg/kg body weight). Lipid peroxides and glutathione contents were estimated. It has been found that the alantolactone effectively reduces the lipid peroxide levels in the ischemic rats and bring the glutathione content to near normal level as compared to the petroleum ether extract.

Application of microwave induced delepine reaction to the facile one pot synthesis of 7- substituted 1, 3-dihydro-2h-(1, 4)-benzodiazepin-2- one-5-methyl carboxylates from the corresponding 1- chloroacetyl isatins

Abstract: Application of microwave induced Delepine reaction to the facile one pot synthesis of 7-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, methoxy, nitro) and 5, 7- dimethyl substituted, 1, 3- dihydro-2H-[1, 4] - benzodiazepin-2-one-5-methyl carboxylate derivatives 3(a-i) from the corresponding 1- chloroacetyl isatin 2(a-i) has been described. The mechanism involved in the microwave assisted Delepine reaction in the transformation of 2 to 3 has been disscussed.

Formulation and Evaluation of Ramipril Transdermal Patch

Abstract: Transdermal patch are self contained discrete dosage forms, which when applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at controlled rate to the systemic circulation. Ramipril transdermal patch was prepared by acrylic (2-ethylhexyl acrylate) based polymer. Methyl acrylate (monomer), vinyl acetate (copolymer) in ethanol as solvent and ramipril was dissolved or suspended in mixture of solvents constituted by one litre of propan -2-ol and 1.5 liter of ethyl acetate. The mixture was stirred, until a homogeneous mass was obtained, and this was evaporated. The composite medicated foil form the final transdermal patch. Evaluation was done by physical appearance, folding endurance, water vapour transmission, drug diffusion study, permeability studies, content uniformity and in vitro drug release.

A review on Carissa congesta: phytochemical constituents, traditional use and pharmacological properties.

Abstract: Various herbal drugs individually or in combination have been recommended for the treatment of different diseases. The C. congesta commonly known as “karanda” has been recognized in different systems of traditional medicines to cure various diseases. It contains several phytochemical constituents belonging to terpenoid category. The root is attributed with bitter, stomachic; antidiarrhoel, vermifuge and antianthelmintic properties. The unripe fruit is used medicinally as an astringent. The ripe fruit is taken as an antiscorbutic and remedy for biliousness. The leaf decoction is valued in cases of intermittent fever, diarrhoea, oral inflammation and earache. Additionally C. congesta has shown wide range of evidences for its cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory, histamine releasing, antirhumatic, antibacterial, antiviral and anticonvulsant activity. A higher gross heat value of this species indicates its higher potential to be used as good fuel source.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) Complexes with Sodium Salt of p-Methoxyisonitrosoacetophenone

Abstract: In the present studies, the complexes of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) were prepared with sodium salt of p-methoxyisonitrosoacetophenone and characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility, spectral techniques like UV-Visible, IR, NMR and thermal studies. Analytical data support 1 : 2 stoichiometry for metal : ligand. The molar conductivity data indicate that the complexes are non electrolytic in nature. The electronic spectra along with magnetic data suggest octahedral geometry for Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes and distorted tetrahedral geometry for Cu (II) complex

Analysis of Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Skimmia Lauriola from Garhwal, Himalaya

Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oils of Skimmia lauriola growing in Northern Garhwal, Himalaya has been studied. The wildly growing plants were collected from Dhanolti region of Tehri Garhwal. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation methods and analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty seven components were identified, which constitutes 86.33% of the total oil. The major constituents are linalool acetate (26.40 %), L-linalool (14.18 %), β-phellendrene (9.03 %), prejeijerene (7.06 %), α-terpineol (6.25 %), geranyl acetate (3.89 %) and myrcene (2.18 %). The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial activity. The activity was more pronounced against Pseudomonas aurens with 8 mm zone of inhibition followed by Escherichia coli with 5 mm inhibition while Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureginosa were totally unaffected.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Mirabilis jalapa leaves.

Abstract: The leaves of the plant Mirabilis jalapa were successively extracted with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl alcohol and methanol by Soxhlet extractor and water extract by cold maceration. Disc diffusion method was employed to determine the effect of antibacterial potential against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, gram negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and antifungal potential against Candida albicans. Methanol extract showed stronger and broader spectrum of microbial activity as compared to other extracts. Amikacin (10 =g/mL) drug was used as the standard antibacterial agent.

Simultaneous Estimation of Metaxalone and Diclofenac Potassium in Combined Dosage form by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

Abstract: A simple, sensitive, rapid, and reproducible RP-HPLC chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of diclofenac and metaxalone in pharmaceutical formulation. Chromatography was carried out on an isocratic system of JASCO with Inertsil C-18 (4.6 x 250 μm, i.d 10 μm) using a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and water as mobile phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection was done at 234 nm. The retention time for metaxalone and diclofenac potassium was found to be 3.70 min and 2.03 min, respectively. The results obtained in the proposed method are in good agreement with labeled amounts, when marketed pharmaceutical preparations were analyzed. The method was validated for parameters like accuracy, precision, ruggedness, specificity, linearity and range according to ICH guidelines. The mean recoveries from tablet formulations were between 99-101%. The detector responses were found to be linear in the concentration range of 80-120 % of the test concentration of each drug.

Impact of industrial waste water on soil quality and organic matter around kurkumbh industrial area daund, pune district (ms)

Abstract: In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to assess the soil quality and impact of industrial pollution around Kurkumbh industrial area. The physicochemical parameters such as, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, sulphate, phosphate and organic matter of soil around Kurkumbh industrial area were analyzed. All the soil samples are free from salinity and hazards. The results reveals that the some sampling sites were affected by industrial pollution. The organic matter range was very low, which is required for soil fertility.

Reverse micelles extraction of lactoferrin using cationic surfactant from whey

Abstract: A promising whey protein separation technique, Reverse micelles (RM) extraction could be an important tool for obtaining the valuable food ingredients. RM techniques have the potential to continuously extract specific proteins from an aqueous mixture, achieving simultaneous concentration and purification of specific proteins in an efficient manner. The extraction of lactoferrin (LF) protein, using nano-sized reverse micelles of nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene p-t-octylphenol (triton-X-100) is attempted here. Suitability of reverse micelles of cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and triton-X-100/CTAB mixture in organic solvent for LF extraction is also investigated. The raw milk treated with 1M HCl at pH 6.5 and centrifuged to get whey sample. The whey sample was concentrated with 0.1µm membrane enrichment and diluted five times to its original volume with 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.35 containing 100mM sodium chloride. The aqueous solution was then mixed with an equal volume of organic solvents containing the surfactant. The aqueous phase and reverse micelles phase has been separated by centrifugation and the protein is accumulated in the aqueous phase. The extract was fractionated using ammonium sulphate and purity improvements are done by HIC (Hi Trap Phenyl) column and followed by IEX(DEAE cellulose) column chromatography which was previously equilibrated with phosphate buffer with the pH maintained at 7.8 and eluted by increasing ionic strength with sodium chloride. The results show that the LF evolves more in CTAB than in CTAB+ triton- X-100 mode which may be due to reduced hydrophobic interaction.

Assessment of ground water quality of rajasthan with special reference to jodhpur and barmer region

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to determine the physico-chemical parameters of ground water samples of different sites of Jodhpur and Barmer region .Samples were collected to study various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium etc. The findings reveal that some of the samples contained chemical constituent beyond permissible limits prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (B.I.S), which cause various hazardous effects. In this paper, regional ground water contamination will broadly refer to the types of ground water contamination that can be observed at the regional scale. Based on these results, it is recommended that any ground water source in the study area should be tested before use for its portability and other domestic or industrial uses.