International journal of criminology and sociology 

About: International journal of criminology and sociology is an academic journal published by Lifescience Global. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Computer science & Politics. It has an ISSN identifier of 1929-4409. Over the lifetime, 507 publications have been published receiving 1626 citations.

Organized Crime in Brazilian Prisons: The Example of the PCC

Abstract: This paper analyses the context of the mass incarceration experienced by Brazil in the last two decades. Alongside other factors, such as the deterioration of the living conditions of the inmates and the shortcomings in the prison management, this favored the emergence and operation of the self-named group  Primeiro Comando da Capital  (PCC) (First Command of the Capital), within the prison system of the state of SA£o Paulo. It outlines the stages that resulted in the expansion of the PCC, from its creation to the consolidation of its rule over the incarcerated population and analyzes the form acquired by the use of violence by part of this group. Besides the use of official documents, the ethnographic method and interviews with staff and inmates were used. Among the major findings of the research, there is the constitution of the PCC as a centralized instance of mediation and conflict resolution within the prison, a phenomenon that produced a significant reduction in physical violence among prisoners.

Judicial Perceptions of Media Portrayals of Offenders with High Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Abstract: In recent years, sensational media reporting focusing on crimes committed by those diagnosed with or thought to have High Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders (hfASDs) has caused societal speculation that there is a link between the disorder and violent criminality. No research exists on how and if the judiciary understands and is affected by this coverage. Therefore this study aims to examine how judges perceive and are influenced by media attention surrounding hfASDs and criminality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 California Superior Court Judges, including questions on media portrayal. Judges perceived general media portrayals of hfASDs in both positive and negative ways. However, almost all judges who had experienced media coverage surrounding hfASDs and criminality identified it as misleading and harmful to public perceptions of the disorder. These findings suggest judges are not exempt from media attention surrounding violence and hfASDs, and they recognize the potential adverse effects of this negative coverage. Although judges' report their opinions are not affected, the results demonstrate that judges are worried that the public and potentially other criminal justice actors are adversely affected and will continue to be moving forward.

Formation and Trend of Guanxi Practice and Guanxi Phenomenon

Abstract: With the increase of interactions between Chinese and international communities, guanxi, a Chinese term, has catching more and more attentions from non-Chinese speaking people. Guanxi, from a sociological perspective, is formed on the ascribed, social or third party bases through the mechanism of ganqing and renqing. Different from other scholars, the authors consider guanxi phenomenon is an outcome of co-impacts from Confucianism and institutionalization of material factors and structural factors. It is argued that guanxi phenomenon will decline in future China gradually because of rationalization required by capitalism but will not disappear completely due to human nature and cultural nature.

Halal Tourism in Indonesia: Regional Regulation and Indonesian Ulama Council Perspective

Abstract: The tourism sector is one of the sectors capable of increasing employment and economic growth. Currently, halal tourism is starting to be in great demand. This is in line with the increase in Muslim tourists from year to year. The development of halal tourism has begun to be carried out by various countries, both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Indonesia as a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic country, of course, there are new problems that continue to surface where the law is not found either in the Quran or the Hadith, such as the emergence of the phenomenon of public demand for halal tourism in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to describe halal tourism in Indonesia in terms of the Indonesian Council of Ulama fatwa and the government regulation. This research is a conceptual review that uses literature research methods sourced from authoritative journals, books, and documents and is still relevant to the study of halal tourism. The results showed that a large number of public requests for halal tourism visits in Indonesia in the need for normative and positive regulation regulates. the only difference is in the use of the term "sharia tourism" in the fatwa while the content in the regional regulation uses the term "halal tourism".

Deauthorization of the religious leader role in countering covid- 19: Perceptions and responses of muslim societies on the ulama's policies in indonesia

Abstract: Ulama as epicenters of religious leader in spreading religious teachings in Muslim societies have experienced deauthorization. This study aims to reflect the Muslim societies’ perceptions and responses on the Ulama policies in countering Covid-19 in Indonesia. This study uses observation, interviews, and literature review as data sources. This study presents a theoretical perspective on the deauthorization of the Ulama role in Indonesia in handling Covid-19. This study found three socioreligious aspects. Firstly, less public’s knowledge and understanding of Covid-19 socialization confirms multiple interpretations at the grass road level. Secondly, the socialization of the Ulama policies has not been carried out effectively, as seen in several cases, such as the rejection of the mosque closure and the prohibition of other religious activities, due to the lack of public knowledge about this epidemic. Thirdly, government policies on Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which are totally supported by the MUI (Indonesian Ulama Council) as the representation of Indonesian Muslim scholar have not been able to suppress the Muslim societies’ enthusiasm in the practice of religious activities. It indeed demonstrates Ulama’s deauthorization in countering Covid-19 pandemic for Muslim societies in Indonesia.