Showing papers in "International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences in 2015"

Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger on different natural lignocellulosic substrates.

Abstract: Plant biomass in the form of lignocellulose is one of the most abundant renewable resources on the earth Lignocellulosic biomass includes agricultural residues, forest residues, municipal solid wastes and other industrial wastes The lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by noncovalent interactions and by covalent crosslinkages (Margeot et al, 2009) Depositing/leaving of lignocellullosic biomasses in nature is one of main causes of environmental pollution Their conversion into useful products may mitigate the problems of environmental pollution but also generate wealth out of waste Every part of plant such as leaves, straws, stems, stalks, cereals, corncobs, wheat bran etc, comes under plant biomass A huge amount of these materials are left on agricultural lands which have to be decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi (Jadhav et al, 2013) The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials involves synergistic actions of the three components of cellulase enzyme complex (Lynd et al, 2002) Even though these enzymes are ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 4 (2015) pp 835-845 http://wwwijcmascom

Tropical Theileriosis and East Coast Fever in Cattle: Present, Past and Future Perspective

Abstract: ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 1000-1018 http://www.ijcmas.com Theileriosis is a burning veterinary problem of the rural livestock oriented communities. It has a profound effect on hematological values and causes huge morbidity and mortality in cattle population, which reflect economic losses and elevates the poverty level. Critical review of the literature was carried out about the prevalence, diagnostic techniques as well as prophylactic measures against the Tropical theileriosis and East coast fever in cattle population. Emphasis was made on the review of publications from databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed using standardized keywords such as Tropical theileriosis, East coast fever, Theileria annulata, Theileria parva, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Pakistan. Relevant articles were thoroughly studied to update knowledge, gain new insights and raise novel questions regarding the disease. This review ascertains the correlation of the potential occurrence of tropical theileriosis and East coast fever with seasonality, tick abundance and cattle susceptibility. The management system and cattle breed are significant predictors of infection. PCR is a most effective molecular tool for identification of the etiological agent. Tick eradication and immunization are beneficial in reducing the impact of disease. Tropical theileriosis and East coast fever are major constrain to the livestock industry, therefore, it is an essential prerequisite to develop sensitive and specific tests for parasite detection in the sample. The future policies should focus controlled crossbreeding, thoroughly monitored medication programs and implementation of appropriate tick control strategies to reduce the prevalence of disease. Research should be extended to target new metabolic enzymes for drug designing and evaluate efficacy and safety issues of available vaccines to boost productivity of the livestock industry. K ey wo rd s Tropical theileriosis, East coast fever, Theileria annulata, Theileria parva, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Pakistan. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 1000-1018

Incidence of Haemoprotozoan diseases in Cattle in Southern Rajasthan, India

Abstract: Haemoprotozoan diseases, especially Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Theileriosis and Trypanosomiasis are considered some of the major impediments in the health and productive performance of cattle (Rajput et al., 2005). Tick-borne diseases cause substantial losses to the livestock industry throughout the world (Ananda et al., 2009) as these have got a serious economic impact due to obvious reason of death, decreased productivity, lowered working efficiency (Uilenberg, 1995), increased cost for control measures (Makala et al., 2003) and limited introduction of genetically improved cattle in an area (Radostits et al., 1994). Haemoprotozoan diseases cause devastating losses to the livestock industry and thus pose major constraints to the dairy industry throughout the world.

UV-C irradiation effect on seed germination, seedling growth and productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract: Field experiment was carried out by split-plot method to record the effect of UV-C irradiation on seed germination, seedling growth and productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The results indicate that UV-C irradiation up to 60min. increased the growth parameters of groundnut plant recorded. The UV-C irradiation produces significant increase in seedling vigour and biomass production as compared to control and other treatments. The results of present study reveals that the UV-C irradiation treatments up to 60 min. has no significant adverse effect on seed germination, seedling growth and productivity of groundnut plant. K e y w o r d s UV-C irradiation, Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea, Seedling growth,

Risk factors of anemia among young children in rural Cameroon

Abstract: Anemia is considered the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, affecting about a quarter of the world population, especially children and women of reproductive age [1,2]. In children, anemia can negatively affect cognitive development, school performance, physical growth, and immunity [3,4]. The prevalence of anemia in the world is 24.8 % [5]. The preschool children are most affected with a prevalence International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 925-935 http://www.ijcmas.com

Cyanobacterial natural products as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae) are a primitive, diverse and ubiquitous group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, exhibiting resemblance with Gram-negative bacteria in cellular organization and green plants in oxygenic photosynthesis (Stanier and Cohen-Bazire, 1977). With long evolutionary history, they are among the oldest life forms existing on earth. They colonize, grow and survive in almost all kinds of terrestrial and aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystems which can be attributed to their tremendous adaptability to varying environmental conditions as well as effective protective and tolerance mechanisms against various abiotic stresses (Tandeau de Marsac and Houmard, 1993; Potts, 1999; EhlingSchulz and Scherer, 1999). With remarkable diversity in their structure, which may be unicellular, colonial or filamentous (branched or unbranched); they include 150 genera with more than 2000 species. The presence or production of a wide array of photosynthetic ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 310-317 http://www.ijcmas.com

Enrichment, isolation and identification of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria.

Abstract: Petroleum (crude) oil is complex mixture of many thousands of compounds. Petroleum hydrocarbons are the major constituents of crude oil (50-98%) and alkenes represent 20-50% of oil, depending on the source of the oil. Petroleum hydrocarbons can be degraded by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and microalgae. However, bacteria play an imperative role in hydrocarbon degradation. Microorganisms are endowed with metabolism machinery to use petroleum products as a carbon and energy source. The extent of biodegradation of hydrocarbons in contaminated sites is dependent on several factors such as molecular composition of the hydrocarbons, the type of microbial population, and optimal environmental conditions to stimulate the bioavability of the contaminants to microorganisms (Huesemann, 1995). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 6 (2015) pp. 708-713 http://www.ijcmas.com

Determination of ascorbic acid content in some Indian spices.

Abstract: Ascorbic acid (trivial name-Vitamin C) is an essential constituent in ones daily life. Biomolecules of plant origin play a crucial role in promotion and maintenance of health (Watson RR., 2001). In Asian countries (India, China, Japan and Korea) foods and plant materials are traditionally exploited for their healing properties. These materials in addition, occupy an important place in traditional cures as medicines (Valiathan Ms., 2004). Phytochemicals in spices, which play a major role in plant protection, are considered vitamins of the 21st Century. Phytochemicals are less toxic compared to drugs. The scientific findings on some common spices (turmeric, fenugreek, mustard, ginger, onions and garlic) are used in folk medicines of several Asian countries (Kamala Krishnaswamy MD., 2008). Antioxidants that are prepared commercially contain Ascorbyl palmitate. L-ascorbic acid and its fatty acid esters are widely used as food additives, antioxidants, browning inhibitors, reducing agents, flavour stabilizers, dough modifiers and colour stabilizers. Ascorbic acid deficiency leads to scurvy. Characteristic features of scurvy includes, spongy swollen bleeding gums, dry skin, open sores on the skin, fatigue, impaired wound healing and depression (Olson RE., 1999).

A overview of Species Identification by DNA Barcoding

Abstract: The present mini-review is related with the recent work carried out in the field of DNA barcoding of different species. The barcoding of marine and freshwater fishes and honey bee samples are mostly studied. The study of DNA barcoding is essential to provide accurate toxinomy, biodiversity of species etc. Highlights of the study is Advances in DNA barcoding of fishes, honeybee. Snake etc are described and also Advantages and disadvantages of DNA barcoding is discussed. K e y w o r d s Biodiversity, freshwater fishes, marine species, DNA barcoding, species identification

Integrated use of Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive winter seasons of 2010 and 2011 at the experimental station of the Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Kafr ElZayat, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt to study the response of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Valor to application of farmyard manure as organic nitrogen fertilizer as well as ammonium nitrate (33.5% N) and urea (46%N) as inorganic nitrogen fertilizer alone or in combination on vegetative growth, yield and tubers quality of potato plants as well as nutritional content of tubers. The experiment included 18 treatments representing the interaction of farmyard manure at three levels (0, 10 and 20 m 3 /fed.), ammonium nitrate and urea at three levels (120, 165 and 210 N unit/fed.). Results showed that application of farmyard manure had positively influence on vegetative growth characters of potato plants. Whereas, they were improved with increasing of farmyard manure levels up to 20 m 3 /fed.; feddan (fed.) = 4200m 2 in both seasons. Vegetative growth characters of plants were enhanced by using of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in the form of ammonium nitrate rather than urea fertilizer. Moreover, vegetative growth characters of potato plants were significantly increased with increasing of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer levels up to 210 N unit/fed. in both experimental seasons. Application of farmyard manure improved the productivity of potato plants and it was increased with increasing of farmyard manure levels up to 20 m 3 /fed. in both seasons. Yield of potato plants was better with using of ammonium nitrate as inorganic nitrogen fertilizer rather than using of urea fertilizer. Furthermore, productivity of potato plants was gradually increased with increasing of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer levels. Tubers quality in response of specific gravity, starch percentage, crude protein percentage and dry matter percentage were enhanced with increasing of farmyard manure levels. On the other hand, specific gravity, starch percentage and dry matter percentage were decreased with increasing of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer levels. Yield of plants, tubers quality and nutritional content of tubers were influenced by the integration treatments between different levels of farmyard manure and different levels and forms of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Whereas, the highest values of tubers yield (ton/fed.), tubers number/plant, marketable tubers percentage and crude protein percentage were recorded with using of farmyard manure at the level of 20 m 3 /fed. combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer as ammonium nitrate at the level of 210 N unit/fed. in both seasons while the highest values of specific gravity, starch percentage and dry matter percentage were observed with application of farmyard manure at the level of 20 m 3 /fed. along with ammonium nitrate at the level of 120 N unit/fed. in both seasons. K e y w o r d s Potato, Farmyard manure levels, Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer forms, Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer levels, Vegetative growth characters,

Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic crops all over the world. In Egypt, wheat is the main cereal crop used as a stable food for urban and rural societies and the major source of straw for animal feeding. However, total wheat consumption has drastically increased due to over population growth by about 2.5% per year. Egypt imports about 45% of its wheat requirement. This reflects the size of the problem and the efforts needed to increase wheat production. Thus, increasing production per unit area appears to be one of the important factors for narrowing the gap between wheat production and consumption.

Chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids bioavailability and sensory properties of meat and fish balls containing fish protein isolate.

Abstract: A B S T R A C T In this study fish proteins isolated(FPI) by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation processing from unemployed whole small Nile bolti fish and used as meat substitute for preparing ready-to-eat beef and/fish balls. The products were analyzed for chemical composition, minerals, amino acids contents and sensory properties. Also, Essential amino acids index, biological value and protein efficiency ratio were calculated. Incorporation of FPI in meat and fish balls formulae improved protein %, reduced fat and carbohydrate contents of the cooked samples. The essential amino acids index (EAAI) was more than 90% in both meat and/or fish balls. Its value was improved from 94.37 in control sample (100% meat) to 96.78 in the sample containing 25%FPI+75% beef, while a reduction was found in treated samples containing 50%FPI+50% fish. Biological value (B.V.) and Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values assured the recommendation for using FPI with meat in spite of that FPI+ fish is still biologically accepted. The cooked samples containing FPI were of low energetic value, acceptable for consumption with good source for protein and mi nerals. K e y w o r d s

Sero-Prevalence of Viral Transfusion-transmissible Infections among Blood Donors at Kosti Teaching Hospital, White Nile State/Sudan

Abstract: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alimam Almahdi University, Sudan Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alimam Almahdi University, Sudan Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Nile College, Khartoum, Sudan Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alimam Almahdi University, Sudan Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alimam Almahdi University, Sudan *Corresponding author

Bioremediation of Petroleum Oil by Potential Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria using Gravimetric Assay

Abstract: Bioremediation is an efficient strategy for cleaning up sites contaminated with organic pollutants. Oil is worldwide contaminant that can reach toxic concentrations that are detrimental to the environment and human health. The present study investigated bioremediation, by gravimetric analysis, the ability of theoil-degrading bacteria to produce biosurfecants. Four bacterial strains were used in the study. Strains were local isolated strains by enrichment culture technique from polluted sites in industrial area of Taif, Saudi Arabia. These isolates were identified through morphological, biochemical and 16S-rRNA gene sequencing techniques as Bacillus thuringiensis AT5, Actinomyces octodloyts AF104, Pseduomonas aerogenosa AF11-GT and Pseduomonas stutzeri AT3.Their ability to degrade crude oil hydrocarbon were monitored by gravimetric assay for 5 days. The total viable count of isolates ranged from 1.7 x10 4 - 2.1x10 6 CFU mL -1 culture. The four strains showed relatively high capacity and wide spectrum to degrade the crude oil hydrocarbons. Strain AF11-GTshowed high biodegradation efficiency up to 93.41 % when grown on 3, and 5g L -1 oil hydrocarbon by the second day.An increase in oil degradation was correlated to an increase in cell number indicating that the bacterial isolates were responsible for the oil degradation. Potential biosurfactant production methods showed that isolates are biosurfactant producers and the superior isolate was AF11-GT. Our results obtained demonstrate the potential for biodegradation of AF11-GTisolate in situ and/or ex situ as well as in microbial enhancing oil recovery (MEOR) agent. K e y w o r d s Bioremedation, Biosurfacants, Oil-degrading bacteria, Gravimetry.

RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).

Abstract: The aim of this work was to detect genetic variability among the set of 40 castor genotypes using 8 RAPD markers. Amplification of genomic DNA of 40 genotypes, using RAPD analysis, yielded in 66 fragments, with an average of 8.25 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments ranged from 3 to 13, with the size of amplicons ranging from 100 to 1200 bp. Values of the polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.556 to 0.895 with an average of 0.784 and diversity index (DI) value ranged from 0.621 to 0.896 with an average of 0.798. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared and analyzed genotypes were grouped into two main clusters and only two genotypes could not be distinguished. Knowledge on the genetic diversity of castor can be used for future breeding programs for increased oil production for industrial uses. Keywords—Dendrogram, polymorphism, RAPD technique, Ricinus communis L.

Potential impact of cyanobacterial exudates on seed germination and antioxidant enzymes of crop plant seedlings.

Abstract: ., 2012; Whitton 2012). In agricultural soils, they potentially contribute towards biological nitrogen fixation that improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Although, the great majority of cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen are heterocystous (Granhall & Henriksson 1969), non-heterocystous cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen as well (Kallas

Effect of TFC-based extenders with soybean lecithin and/or low concentration of glycerol on the quality of goat chilled-stored semen.

Abstract: The artificial insemination (AI) in goats is biotechnological method providing augmentation of the genetic merit in caprine flocks (Leboeuf et al., 2000). In previously synchronized goats, the double artificial insemination with liquid semen at 8 or 12 hour intervals or timed AI with chilled or frozen semen has been commonly performed (Lopez-Sebastian et al., 2007; Menchaca and Rubianes, 2007; Martemucci and D Alessandro, 2011). In many of the cases, AI with frozen semen is too expensive and conception rate is poor that limits its application. Therefore, artificial insemination with liquid semen stored in low temperature (0 to 5C) has been showed as alternative option for achievement of good conception and pregnancy rate (Roca et al., 1997; Leethongdee, 2010; Phutikanit et al., 2011).

Study on zooplankton composition and seasonal variation in Bhima River near Ramwadi Village, Solapur District (Maharashtra), India.

Abstract: Aquatic ecosystems are known to support work to range of organism. Among these zooplanktons are the free floating and microscopic animal found in aquatic ecosystem. The zooplanktons are important for fishes as they are used as source of food. The Zooplanktons are classified in various groups viz. Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifer and Ostracoda. Many workers have studied the zooplanktons of fresh water bodies both in India and abroad. The biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton are also rich in nature (Kangasabapathi and Rajan, 2010). Zooplanktons are playing important role in biomonitering of water pollution (Tyor et al., 2014). The availability of food is more due to decomposition of organic matter and the density of zooplankton might be high due to fewer predators (Shivashankar et al. 2013). The study of zooplankton is necessary to evaluate the fresh water reservoir in respect to their ecological and fishery status (Goswami and Mankodi, 2012).

Isolation, identification and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolated from economically important crop plants

Abstract: There are various types of soil microbes which can solubilize the fixed form of P and make it available to plants. Such organisms are called Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In the present study, PSB were isolated, identified and characterized. Further, biology of the selected strains was also studied. The study revealed that the population level of PSB was higher in the rhizosphere soils of cluster bean. The selected strains were identified as Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. The isolated strains were characterized under in vitro conditions. The selected strains were differed in P solubilization zone formation, pH change, phosphatase activity, organic acids production and P solubilization. PSB strains could grow well at the temperature ranged from 28oC to 35oC. All the strains were differed in utilization of different ca rbon, nitrogen, amino acid, vitamin sources. K e y w o r d s PSB, Crop plants, Isolation, Identification, Characterization

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Probiotic Organisms From Intestine of Fresh Water Fishes

Abstract: The gut microbiota of fresh water fishes Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mirigala and Cyprinus carpio was studied to isolate and identify probiotic bacteria. A total of 27 bacteria were screening out from the fresh water fish intestine. Out of this, five groups were divided in their biochemical characterization. These five isolates were evaluated with probiotic properties. Probiotic bacteria with more ability to inhibit growth of Aeromonas hydrophila was selected and identified by conventional and molecular techniques. This strain was able to survive and grow from pH 3 to 8.5 with the highest viability and growth rate at neutral conditions pH 7 for 3 isolates where as another two isolates was pH 6. In addition, all isolates are tolerated 0, 0.15 and 0.3% bile salt concentrations. This isolates also, showed inhibitory activity against tested fish pathogen A. hydrophila. Antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that these strains were resistant to Streptomycin and Vancomycin, Intermediate to Kanamycin and sensitive to Methicelin, Pencilin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Erythromycin and Amphicilin for all isolates. K e y w o r d s Isolation, Characterization, Probiotic, Intestine, Freshwater fishes

Estimation of ascorbic acid content in fruits & vegetables from Hyderabad, India for a theoretical assessment of vitamin C activity.

Abstract: Vitamin C is required for the prevention of scurvy and maintenance of healthy skin, gums and blood vessels. It functions in collagen formation, absorption of inorganic iron, reduction of plasma cholesterol level, enhancement of the immune system and reaction with singlet oxygen and other free radicals (Rickman et al., 2007). As an antioxidant, it also reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and some forms of cancer. Recommended daily allowances (RDA) of 75 mg/day and 90 mg/day have been established for adult women and men respectively, and 45 mg/day for children of 9–12 years old. This study will show the amount of ascorbic acid present in the fruits and vegetables collected, this specific determination of the ascorbic acid content of fruits and vegetables is extremely important to understand the relationship of dietary ascorbic acid intake and human health International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 96-99 http://www.ijcmas.com

Carcass parameters and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken fed diets containing palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel oil residue.

Abstract: Palm Kernel Oil Residue (PKOR) is a waste product obtained after extracting oil from palm kernel by cottage industries. The residue is dumped at processing sites and the stench that emanates from the oxidizing product, causes nuisance to processors and nearby residents. Animal scientists are advocating the use of the fresh product as energy resource in broiler rations. This study was therefore conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement of maize in broiler rations with PKOR, on carcass parameters and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken. A total of 80 birds (10 from each treatment) were randomly selected from 160 birds fed diets containing 0% (control), 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5% PKOR when they attained maturity age (8 weeks old). The selected birds were slaughtered, and hot carcass and viscera weights were taken. Carcasses were sectioned into primal cuts after 24-hour chilling at 3°C, and each part was weighed. The breast muscles were grilled for sensory evaluation. Proximate composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and peroxide value of the muscles were determined. Data obtained were analyzed using the General Linear Model of ANOVA component of Minitab software. The results indicate that PKOR inclusion up to 17.5% in broiler rations has no significant (p>0.05) effects on carcass parameters and sensory characteristics of the meat. Crude protein and fat contents of the carcasses were not significantly (p>0.05) different. However, PKOR inclusions beyond 7.5% significantly (p<0.001) increased the moisture content of the muscles. Ultimate pH (pH after 24hours of slaughter) and peroxide value after 7 days in storage were not significantly affected by the use of PKOR. The study indicated that farmers can include PKOR up to 17.5% in broiler rations without adverse effects on the carcass and sensory characteristics of the meat. K e y w o r d s

Isolation and screening of xylanase producing fungi from forest soils.

Abstract: Enzymes are distinct natural biological polymers which can catalyze the chemical/ biological reactions and convert substrates to specific product (Haq et al 2006) Xylanase [EC3218] are a class of hydrolytic enzymes which can hydrolyze the straight polysaccharide -1, 4-xylan in hemicelluloses which is a noteworthy component of secondary cell wall of plants (Dhiman et al 2008) Xylan, the most abundant in lignocellulosic feedstock in the form of hemicelluloses containing hetero polysaccharides, comprises of a backbone of -1-4-linked xylopyranose residues with side chains of O-acetyl, arabinosyl and methyl glucoronsyl and forms an interface between lignin and other polysaccharides (Chang et al 2003; Shanti et al, 2014) Xylanases have gained a unique importance in the biotechnology and industries due to their potential applications The major industrial applications of enzymes are in textile industry (Csiszar et al 2001) for biopolishing of fabrics and producing stonewashed look of denims, in household laundry detergents for improving fabric softness and brightness (Cavaco-Paulo, 1998), in food, leather, paper/pulp industries (Kirk and Jefferies, 1996; Bhat, 2000), in the fermentation of biomass for the biofuel production (Goldschmidt, 2008), in ruminant nutrition for improving ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp 586-591 http://wwwijcmascom

Employment of microbial fuel cell technology to biodegrade naphthalene and benzidine for bioelectricity generation.

Abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are serious problems and global pollutants in the environment (Yucheng et al., 2008; Driscoll et al., 2010) due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistent organic pollutant properties (Yucheng et al., 2008; Amezcua-Allieri et al., 2012). Removal of PAHs from the environment is a necessity for ensuring human health and ecosystems ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 134-149 http://www.ijcmas.com

Characteristics of Bioyoghurt Fortified With Fennel Honey

Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of natural and healthy food additives and incorporating healthpromoting substances into the diet due to its healthy and natural image (Chen et al., 2000). Honey is a natural, sweet, syrupy fluid collected by bees from nectar of flowers. The pleasant aroma and taste of this viscous liquid ranging in color from pale yellow to dark amber varies according to geographical and seasonal conditions.

Acute toxicity, behavioral response and biochemical composition of blood of common carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) to an Organophosphate insecticide, Dimethoate.

Abstract: In the present investigation the acute toxicity bioassay, behavioral response and biochemical parameters of blood of Catla catla to toxicity of an Organophosphate insecticide, Dimethoate were carried out in a static renewal system. It is evident that no mortality of Catla catla was recorded at 20.5mg/l Dimethoate up to 24 hrs. of exposure. At concentrations of 23.0, 23.5 and 24.0mg/l of Dimethoate 100% mortality of Catla catla was recorded at three different concentration of Dimethoate viz., 23.0mg/l, 23.5mg/l and 24.0mg/l in 96 hrs. of exposure. The LC50 values of Dimethoate at various exposure times were 21.0mg/l for about 84 hrs; 21.5mg/l for 72 hrs; 22.0mg/l for about 60hrs; 22.5mg/l for 48 hrs; 23.0mg/l for 48 hrs; and 23.5mg/l for 24 hrs. The Catla catla showed behavioral alterations against Dimethoate intoxication viz, uncoordinated movements, erratic swimming, convulsions, excess mucus secretion, decreased opercular movements, loss of balance, drowning and change in body pigmentation, muscle fasciculation, moribund lethargy, refusal of feeding and respiratory distress. These symptoms became more apparent with increase in duration of exposure at all test concentration of Dimethoate. The glycogen content, total proteins and total lipids decreased in the blood of Catla catla under the toxicity of Dimethoate whereas the levels of total free sugars and total free amino acids increased. K e y w o r d s LC50, Dimethoate, Catla catla, Toxicity, Serum composition

Design and treatability studies of low cost grey water treatment with respect to recycle and reuse in rural areas.

Abstract: Water is a fundamental source to our existence. As cities expand and population grows, the demand for water is rising. With increase in population, there will be an increase in stress on sanitation and wastewater disposal system. The concept of three R s, i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle is a part of cleaner production that concentrates on pollution prevention at source rather than the end of pipe treatment. In other words, it is vitally important to treat wastewater in order to save water as a precious source and protect the environment from pollution (Jamil Ahmad and Hisham El. Dessouky, 2008). Throughout the world, supply of water to the rural population has been a challenging risk. By reusing water, it is possible to benefit from water that would otherwise be lost to us after a single use. Using domestic grey water is one way of contributing to the achievement of this reuse target (Greywater Use, October 2007). In India, the water shortage is one of the major issues coming ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 113-124 http://www.ijcmas.com