Showing papers in "International Journal of Engineering in 2017"

Medical Expert Systems Survey

Abstract: There is an increased interest in the area of Artificial Intelligence in general and expert systems in particular. Expert systems are rapidly growing technology. Expert systems are a branch of Artificial Intelligence which is having a great impact on many fields of human life. Expert systems use human expert knowledge to solve complex problems in many fields such as Health, science, engineering, business, and weather forecasting. Organizations employing the technology of expert system have seen an increase in the efficiency and the quality. An expert system is a computer program that emulates the behavior of a human expert. The expert system represents knowledge solicited from a human expert as data or production rules within a computer program. These rules and data can be used to solve complex problems. In this paper, we give an overview of this technology and will discuss a survey on many papers done in health using expert systems.

Expert System for Problems of Teeth and Gums

Abstract: Our gums (gingiva) act as a significant barricade in guarding our teeth and their neighboring support structures. A tiny known fact is that gum disease is the foremost cause of tooth loss in grown persons. Healthy, strong, teeth are reliant on on healthy gums. The core culprit for gum problems is bacteria in dental plaque. The bacteria in plaque yield harmful toxins that generate an inflammatory process that happens in the gum tissue. If left for a sufficient period of time, bacterial plaque causes hurt to our teeth as well as our gums. In this paper, we present a knowledge based system that help people with teeth and gums problems to diagnose their problems and get recommendation for the treatment. This expert system was designed and implemented using SL5 Object language for knowledge based system.

Expert System for Chest Pain in Infants and Children

Abstract: Chest pain is the pain felt in the chest by infants, children and adolescents. In most cases the pain is not associated with the heart. It is mainly recognized by the observance or report of pain by the infant, child or adolescent by reports of distress by parents or care givers. Chest pain is not unusual in children. Lots of children are seen in ambulatory clinics, emergency rooms and hospitals and cardiology clinics. Usually there is a benign cause for the pain for utmost children. Certain patients have conditions that are serious and perhaps life-threatening. Chest pain in pediatric patients needs careful physical examination and a detailed history that would point to the possibility of a serious cause. Researches of pediatric chest pain are scarce. It has been difficult to create evidence-based guidelines for evaluation. In this paper we propose an expert system to help doctors and parents, and care giver in diagnosing chest pain in infants and children. This expert System is design and implemented in SL5 Object language.

Rickets Expert System Diagnoses and Treatment

Abstract: Background: The epidemic scourge of rickets in the 19th century was caused by vitamin D deficiency due to inadequate sun exposure and resulted in growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities, hypocalcemia, tetany, and seizures. The encouragement of sensible sun exposure and the fortification of milk with vitamin D resulted in almost complete eradication of the disease. Objectives: this paper is going to resolve the exiting problems of rickets by correctly diagnosing and offering the proper treatment. Methods: In this paper, we present an expert system for rickets diagnosis which will helps doctors to explore everything related to the problems of rickets. We look forward to offer simplified answers to most of the rickets disease.

An Integrated Approach for Collection Center Selection in Reverse Logistics

Abstract: In this paper, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)-method and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach in order to evaluation of the returned products' collectors along with their ordered quantities, is utilized. Firstly, the most important criteria of collection center in the car industry are identified. Then, in order to evaluate these proposed criteria, a hybrid Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL)- evaluation of mixed qualitative and quantitative data (EVAMIX) approach is applied. By this method, the most important criteria and their weights along with collection centers' score are determined. In addition, an MILP mathematical model is proposed for selection of the best collection center and computation of ordering quantities. An efficient approach for collection center selection and a novel application of combined FDEMATEL, EVAMIX, and MILP model can be considered as the main contributions of this paper. It should be noted that, to measure the performance of this method a recycling company as a case study in Iran has considered which of this firm collects effete tire and ball bearings of cars. Implementation of this case study can be considered as the other contributions of this paper. At last, with help of obtained results the proper collection center and their ordered quantities are computed. In addition, for measure efficiency of the proposed model, some numerical example, in various dimensions is considered. Moreover, the managers of this industry with the help of a simple methodology can choose the appropriate suppliers.

Adopting Technology for Customer Relationship Management in Higher Educational Institutions

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the critical success factors and investigate the benefits that might be gained once implementing Electronic Customer Relationship Management at HEI from students' perspective. The study conducted at Al Quds Open University in Palestine and data collected from (398) students through a questionnaire which consists of four variables. Some statistical tools were used for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses, including Spearman correlation coefficient for Validity reliability correlation using Cronbach's alpha, Frequency, and Descriptive analysis. The overall findings of the current study show that all the features were important for student and it was critical success factors, at the same time, websites were providing all the features discussed by the theory whereas students showed their willingness to use those features if provided. It is also discovered that implementing Electronic Customer Relationship Management can cause customer satisfaction, loyalty, retention and high service quality as students pointed to be a customer. Research limitations: The survey findings were based on QOU students in Palestine. UAE and KSA branches are not included in the study.

A Knowledge Based System for Diagnosing Shortness of Breath in Infants and Children

Abstract: Background: With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the levels of pollution grow significantly This Technological development contributed to the worsening of shortness breath problems in great shape especially in infants and children There are many shortness breath diseases that infants and children face in their lives Shortness of breath is one of a very serious symptom in children and infants and should never be ignored Objectives: Along these lines, the main goal of this expert system is to help physician in diagnosing and describe some common causes of shortness of breath in infants and children by diagnosing their cases through our expert system Moreover, this system which we are presenting will give patient the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the treatment required Methods: In this paper the strategy of the expert system for diagnosing a number of the existed shortness of breath in infants and children diseases such as (Asthma , Bronchiolitis, Viral Pneumonia, cough, Shortness of breath' dyspnea ', Epiglottitis, Croup, ABSCESS in the tonsil 'peritonsillar abscess', Bronchitis, Viral Bronchitis, Wheezing, sudden infant death syndrome 'SIDS') is introduced, an overview about the shortness of breath in children and infants diseases are delineated, the cause of diseases are sketched and the treatment of disease whenever conceivable is given SL5 Object Expert System language was utilized for designing and implementing the proposed expert system Results: The proposed shortness of breath in children and infants diseases diagnosis expert system was estimated by Medical students and they were satisfied with its result Conclusions: The Proposed expert system is very useful for Respiratory physician, pediatrician, recently graduated physician, and for children's parents with shortness of breath problem

Sediment Texture and Topography Features Control on Coastal Morphodynamics State

Abstract: The characteristic of the change sediment texture and topography features are primary variable for coastal morphodynamics state, besides Ω is known as the dimension fall velocity, period and breaker wave height. Morphodynamic state as a coastal system is an important issue for a proper coastal management and planning. Study area is located at Parepare and Pinrang Regencies. The purpose of this study is to explain coastal morphodynamics. The study methods are field study and petrography analysis. To examine the coastal sediment and topography features along the beach is used Gradistat software. The results indicate that the lithology of the study area mainly consists of tuff and volcanic breccia which might has formed in Late Miocene. The Lapakaka beach is a tide-modified beach, has a steep slope, coarse grain sediments, cusped and reflective. Lumpue beach is also a tide-modified beach, however it has fine grain sediments, low gradient and often featureless; Tassiwalie beach is wave-dominated beaches of reflective states, has coarser grain sediments and consist of relatively steep beach slope (5-20o); Sibo beach is tide-dominated beaches, very low waves, low elevation, coarse-grained and irregular; Maroneng beach include in dissipative, fine sediment, low gradient swash (~1o) and containing bar. The all beaches type above shows different state in sediment texture and topography. The study needs to be continued in order to understand deeply the beach morphodynamics state in supporting an integrated coastal management.

A Review on Image Enhancement Techniques

Abstract: Image enhancement is one of the challenging issues in image processing. The objective of Image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a lot of choices for improving the visual quality of images. Appropriate choice of such techniques is very important. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of different techniques commonly used for image enhancement. Image enhancement plays a fundamental role in vision applications. Recently much work is completed in the field of images enhancement. Many techniques have previously been proposed up to now for enhancing the digital images. In this paper, a survey on various image enhancement techniques has been done. Keywords-component; Digital Image Processing, Histogram Equalization, Image Enhancement.

The Efficiency of Information Technology and its Role of e- HRM in the Palestinian Universities

Abstract: The research aims to identify the efficiency of information technology and its role in human resources management electronically at universities in the Gaza Strip, and the population of the study consists of IT staff centers, where the number reached 35 employees working in universities in the Gaza Strip,. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for the study, descriptive and analytical approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study, (SPSS) program has been used to analyze the study data. The results of the study showed that there is agreement from the sample of the study on the availability of infrastructure in the IT center, which is statistically significant at (0.05), where the relative weight reached (73.97%) and the arithmetic mean (7.4). The results showed that the sample was highly agreeable, as all the results were statistically acceptable and above the arithmetic mean (6). The study stressed that the cooperation of information technology centers of private sector institutions is few and limited. The results confirmed the availability of management information systems for all administrative systems in a medium way, and that these systems are moderately adequate to build an electronic management system. The study reached several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to provide financial support to IT centers for their importance in the process of change to electronic management. The need to develop computerized management information systems to cover all administrative aspects. The need to develop e-HRM in universities, because they have a key role in the success of the process of transition to electronic management. The importance of the adoption of internal electronic correspondence instead of paper, which contributes significantly to reduce administrative financial expenses, and the speed of completion of work. The need to integrate computerized management information systems and work to link what is currently fully present as a beginning to a gradual transition to electronic management.

The Relationship between Performance Standards and Achieving the Objectives of Supervision at the Islamic University in Gaza

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the performance criteria and the achievement of the objectives of supervision which is represented in the performance of the job at the Islamic University in Gaza Strip. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to collect information. The questionnaire consisted of (22) paragraphs distributed to three categories of employees of the Islamic University (senior management, faculty members, their assistants and members of the administrative board). A random sample of 314 employees was selected, 276 responses were retrieved with a return rate of 88.1%. The SPSS program was used to enter, process, and analyze the data. The results of the study showed a positive relationship between the performance criteria and the achievement of the control objectives represented by the job performance in the Islamic University from the point of view of the members (senior management, faculty and their assistants and the administrative board). The researchers also recommended a number of recommendations, including the provision of an appropriate level of control system components today through the continuous updating and development of performance standards and the need to provide the necessary physical and financial resources to continue the development and achievement within the university. Expand the development of technology in the various activities of the university through the construction of a complete and integrated system to support the control systems in the university to suit its size. The researchers also recommended the follow-up, review of the performance standards and work to modify them in line with the mission of the university and the goals that the university seeks to reach.

Investigation of the Bond Strength Between Existing Concrete Substrate and UHPC as a Repair Material

Abstract: The performance of any repaired concrete structure, depends on the quality of the interfacial transition zone of the composite system formed by the repair material and the existing concrete substrate. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the bonding behavior between normal strength concrete (NSC) substrate as an old concrete and Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) as a repair material. In order to assess the bond behavior, standard slant shear test and splitting tensile test were carried out. The relation between surface roughness and bond strength in shear and indirect tension for different surfaces roughness has been assessed. The old concrete surfaces were roughened by mechanical wire brush, scarifying using an electrical grinder, scabbling by a mechanical drill and as cast without roughening. Analysis of the results indicates that bond strength increases when UHPC is used for shear and tension alike. For the scabbling technique, the shear strength yields values 251.8% higher than the those for as cast surface and 153% for tension strength. In addition, UHPC show advantages that qualify it for repairing and strengthening techniques including adding a new concrete to the existing concrete substrate. In general, rough surface preparation leads to a higher bond strength. Ra coefficient is a representative parameter and related to the bond strength, particularly, for shear strength. Finally, the results showed that tension strength is less sensitive to the surface roughness level and more proportional to the repair material strength.

Factors Affecting the Intention to Become an Entrepreneur: A Study from Bangladeshi Business Graduates’ Perspective

Abstract: To provide high date rate for indoor services and communication, femtocells and microcells are planned in LTE- Advance system but main problem is how to reduce the interference between micro and femto cells and in the middle of the femtocells. In this paper we proposed regional Average channel state (RACS) to estimate the influence of interference and then we proposed hybrid clustering based on interference graph (HCIG) to reduce interference between femtocells and microcells. Based on the Results our scheme is given to reduce the interference and improve the spectrum efficiency.

Evaluation of accuracy of dems obtained from uav-point clouds for different topographical areas

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to examine accuracies of DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) with different topographical structures generated by using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) point clouds. Two different terrains with flat and sloping topographical structures were selected for the study, and DEMs of these terrains were generated using eight interpolation techniques (Kriging, Natural Neighbor, Radial Basis Function Triangulation with Linear interpolation, Nearest Neighbor, Invers Distance to a Power, Local Polynomial and Minimum Curvature). The accuracies of DEMs were tested by calculating the statistic methods with the help of the control points obtained by land surveying techniques. At the end of the study, it was observed that in DEMs prepared for both flat (study area 1) and sloping (study area 2) terrains, Kriging interpolation method yields the best results as study area 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the results were examined using Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA:Friedman tests. After observing with the Shapiro-Wilk test that the data has a normal distribution, it was statistically determined through the parametric ANOVA: Friedman test that there is no difference between the variables.

Impact of Electronic Human Resources Management on the Development of Electronic Educational Services in the Universities

Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify the impact of electronic human resources management on the development of electronic educational services in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip The study population consisted of (35) IT staff centers in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool of the study and used the descriptive and analytical approach to achieve the objectives of the study (SPSS) program was used to analyze the data Results of the study showed that the university system in the provision of electronic educational services affect the process of transition to electronic management of human resources in terms of the use of information technology in some of the functions of human resources management There are electronic educational services in universities under study, where there is a general trend for electronic educational services, and there is clarity of the concept of e-learning The study results showed limited educational and training materials published electronically about the staff The results of the study confirmed that the university system has statistically significant effects on the provision of electronic educational services in electronic human resources management The study found several recommendations, the most ones are: the need to take advantage of e-educational services in the activities and functions of human resource management such as training and distance learning The capabilities are available, but they are not taken advantage in this area for the employee There is a need for optimum utilization of the tools and means of ICT available in the universities such as internet and computers in completing the work and simplify its procedures, and to consider these tools as investment to the university and not as the possession of the equipment, the goal is to not put a computer and internet line in each employee office, but the goal is to take advantage of the computer, network, and ICT tools in all areas to the maximum extent possible

Determination of temporary shelter areas in natural disasters by gis a case study for gölcük/turkey

Abstract: Hazard is a situation of the negative effect on person or society, which is originating from natural or synthetic events. The magnitude of a hazard is measured by the way that directly proportional to its damage to the society. In this age, the damages generated from hazards could be at catastrophic sizes that leading to loss of lives and properties, hazardous to the environment, and could affect social-economic structure deeply. It is crucial that planning and applying to transmit the disaster-stricken to safe places for mitigating the hazard to minimum levels. In the case of earthquakes and for many disasters, it is notably important to transmit the disaster-stricken to safe places in a short time. This will enable the coordination in the aftermath of a disaster. That’s why in this study temporary shelter site selection will be investigated. Having many alternatives could yield a tough selection to determine the most suitable places. In this study, the most suitable temporary shelter sites are determined by the multi-criteria decision analysis method by the help of GIS for Kocaeli Golcuk province.

Durable Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Supplimentary Cementitious Materials

Abstract: Durability of concrete structure in marine environments is a big issue for many decades due to chloride attack. Chloride penetrates the concrete structure and accelerates the corrosion process of reinforcement which decreases the life of those structures. Also shrinkage cracks in concrete play main role for chloride penetration through concrete surface. Many researchers tried to find easy and economical ways to obtain durable concrete in such marine region by use of supplementary cementitious material with proper curing regime. Also use of fiber in concrete may arrest the shrinkage cracks, decreasing the chloride permeability and increasing the durability of concrete. Durability of concrete with glass fiber and by replacement of cement and sand partially by supplementary cementitious material such as fly ash and pond ash, respectively is measured by conducting shrinkage test, bulk electrical resistivity, SEM and ultrasonic pulse velocity test. Based on various test result present research proposes an economical durable concrete with desired compressive strength by use of glass fiber and supplementary cementitious material.

The effect of jpeg compression in close range photogrammetry

Abstract: Digital photogrammetry, using digital camera images, is an important low-cost engineering method to produce precise three-dimensional model of either an object or the part of the earth depending on the image quality. Photogrammetry which is cheaper and more practical than the new technologies such as LIDAR, has increased point cloud generation capacity during the past decade with contributions of computer vision. Images of new camera technologies needs huge storage space due to larger image file sizes. Moreover, this enormousness increases image process time during extraction, orientation and dense matching. The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is one of the most commonly used methods as lossy compression standard for the storage purposes of the oversized image file. Particularly, image compression at different rates causes image deteriorations during the processing period. Therefore, the compression rates affect accuracy of photogrammetric measurements. In this study, the close range images compressed at the different levels were investigated to define the compression effect on photogrammetric results, such as orientation parameters and 3D point cloud. The outcomes of this study show that lower compression ratios are acceptable in photogrammetric process when moderate accuracy is sufficient.

Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Powder Filled Glass Epoxy Composites

Abstract: An experiment investigating the elastic local buckling response of trough girders composed of thin profiled steel sheeting has been undertaken Beam tests were performed to promote initial local buckling in a region of constant moment in the elastic range of structural response. The results of the experiments were compared with an elastic complex semi-analytical finite strip method of analysis, and acceptable correlation was obtained. The post-local buckling behavior was monitored in the experiments, and this response showed good agreement with a nonlinear finite strip method developed elsewhere.

Modelling of Conventional and Severe Shot Peening Influence on Properties of High Carbon Steel via Artificial Neural Network

Abstract: Shot peening (SP), as one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods is employed for surface modification of the engineering components by improving the metallurgical and mechanical properties. Furthermore artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used in different science and engineering problems for predicting and optimizing in the last decade. In the present study, effects of conventional shot peening (CSP) and severe shot peening (SSP) on properties of AISI 1060 high carbon steel were modelled and compared via ANN. In order to networks training, the back propagation (BP) error algorithm is developed and data of experimental test results are employed. Experimental data illustrates that SSP has superior influence than CSP to improve the properties. Different networks with different structures are trained with try and error process and the one which had the best performance is selected for modeling. Testing of the ANN is carried out using experimental data which they were not used during networks training. Distance from the surface (depth), SP intensity and coverage are regarded as inputs and microhardness, residual stress and grain size are gathered as outputs of the networks. Comparison of predicted and experimental values indicates that the networks are tuned finely and adjusted carefully; therefore, they have good agreement.

A Review on Stress and Deformation Analysis of Curved Beams under Large Deflection

Abstract: The paper presents a review on large deflection behavior of curved beams, as manifested through the responses under static loading. The term large deflection behavior refers to the inherent nonlinearity present in the analysis of such beam system response. The analysis leads to the field of geometric nonlinearity, in which equation of equilibrium is generally written in deformed configuration. Hence, the domain of large deflection analysis treats beam of any initial configuration as curved beam. The term curved designates the geometry of center line of beam, distinguishing it from the usual straight or circular arc configuration. Different methods adopted by researchers, to analyze large deflection behavior of beam bending, have been taken into consideration. The methods have been categorized based on their application in various formats of problems. The nonlinear response of a beam under static loading is also a function of different parameters of the particular problem. These include boundary condition, loading pattern, initial geometry of the beam, etc. In addition, another class of nonlinearity is commonly encountered in structural analysis, which is associated with nonlinear stress-strain relations and known as material nonlinearity. However the present paper mainly focuses on geometric nonlinear analysis of beam, and analysis associated with nonlinear material behavior is covered briefly as it belongs to another class of study. Research works on bifurcation instability and vibration responses of curved beams under large deflection is also excluded from the scope of the present review paper.

Batch Study on COD and Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Using Granular Activated Carbon and Cockle Shells

Abstract: Landfills generate leachate that contains elevated concentration of contaminants and is hazardous to human health and the ecosystem. In this study, the mixture of granular activated carbon and cockle shells was investigated for remediation of COD and ammonia from stabilized landfill leachate. All adsorbent media were sieved to a particle size between 2.00 and 3.35 mm. The optimum mixing ratio, shaking speed, shaking time, pH, and dosage were determined. Characterization results show that the leachate had a high concentration of COD (1763 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (573 mg/L), and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum mixing ratio of granular activated carbon and cockle shells was 20:20, shaking speed 150 rpm, pH level 6, shaking time 120 min, and dosage 32 g. The adsorption isotherm analysis reveals that the Langmuir isotherm yielded the best fit to experimental data as compared with the Freundlich isotherm. The media produce encouraging results and can be used as a good and economical adsorbent.

An Investigation on the Effects of Gas Pressure Drop in Heat Exchangers on Dynamics of a Free Piston Stirling Engine

Abstract: This paper is devoted to study the effects of pressure drop in heat exchangers on the dynamics of a free piston Stirling engine. First, the dynamic equations governing the pistons as well as the gas pressure equations for hot and cold spaces of the engine are extracted. Then, by substituting the obtained pressure equations into the dynamic relationships the final nonlinear dynamic equations governing the free piston Stirling engine are acquired. Next, effects of the gas pressure drop in heat exchangers on maximum strokes of the pistons and their velocities and accelerations are investigated. Furthermore, influences of pressure drop increase in the heat exchangers on maximum and minimum gas volume and pressure in both hot and cold spaces are evaluated. Finally, the trend of variations of work and power corresponding to the increase of pressure drop in the heat exchangers are studied. Based on the obtained results of this paper, the assumption of uniform pressure distribution in the engine cylinder (as used in the Schmidt theory) causes some errors in predicting the dynamic behavior of the free piston hot-air engines. Besides, the increase of pressure drop in the heat exchangers results in deteriorating the dynamic performance of the engine.

Application of Multivariate Control Charts for Condition Based Maintenance

Abstract: Condition monitoring is the foundation of a condition based maintenance (CBM). To relate the information obtained from the condition monitoring to the actual state of the system, it is usually required a stochastic model. On the other hand, considering the interactions and similarities that exist between CBM and statistical process control (SPC), the integrated models for CBM and SPC have been developed. These models apply control charts as a condition monitoring technique, and the inference about the operational states of the system is based on the collected information about the quality of the produced items. Finally, it is decided whether to implement certain type of maintenance actions. This paper describes the application of multivariate control charts as a condition monitoring technique for CBM purposes. To this end, an integrated model is developed, while it is used a chi-square control chart. Also, to determine the inspection time points, a constant hazard policy is applied.

Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software

Abstract: The aim of this report is focused onreviewing the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditionsand selection of suitablematerials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe in an exhaust system. In doing this, the functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of a system and CES Edupack software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800 o C for exhaust manifold and >400 o C for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the search result for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron,Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the search result for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not selected due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel ( Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was selected due to its considerable price, low density, excellent corrosion resistant and acceptable strength at elevated temperatures.

The Impact of Applying the Dimensions of IT Governance in Improving e-training -Case Study of the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology in Gaza Governorates

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the impact of the application of information technology to improve e-learning at the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology (MTIT) from the standpoint of employees. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach. The study population consists of 50 employees working in the field of technology at the Ministry of Telecommunications. The researchers used the comprehensive inventory method. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to all members of the study population. The number of questionnaires returned was 44, indicating that the response rate was (88%). The results showed a correlation between corporate governance of information technology in all its dimensions (planning, organizing, monitoring and evaluation, support and delivery, acquisition and implementation) and to improve the level of e-learning from the perspective of workers in the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology. Also it showed the presence of a statistically significant effect between IT governance (planning, organizing, monitoring and evaluation, support and delivery) and to improve the level of e-learning after (the acquisition and implementation) had no effect in improving the electronic level of training. The study recommended the need to apply the COBIT framework as a tool to measure the level of information technology at the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology Governance.

Using Five Machine Learning for Breast Cancer Biopsy Predictions Based on Mammographic Diagnosis

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the causes of female death in the world. Mammography is commonly used for distinguishing malignant tumors from benign ones. In this research, a mammographic diagnostic method is presented for breast cancer biopsy outcome predictions using five machine learning which includes: Logistic Regression(LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA), Random Forest(RF) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) classification. The testing results showed that SVM learning classification performs better than other with accuracy of 95.8% in diagnosing both malignant and benign breast cancer, a sensitivity of 98.4% in diagnosing disease, a specificity of 94.4%. Furthermore, an estimated area of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for Support vector machine (SVM) was 99.9% for breast cancer outcome predictions, outperformed the diagnostic accuracies of Logistic Regression(LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA), Random Forest(RF) methods. Therefore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning classification with mammography can provide highly accurate and consistent diagnoses in distinguishing malignant and benign cases for breast cancer predictions.

The Effect of Academic Freedoms in Enhancing the Social Responsibility of Palestinian University Staff in the Gaza Governorates

Abstract: The research aims to demonstrate the effect of academic freedom in the promotion of social responsibility from the standpoint of teaching faculty members in Palestinian university of Gaza provinces. The researchers used descriptive analytical approach. The research community consists of the faculty members of (the and the study tool is a questionnaire applied on a stratified random sample of staff members, and (250) questionnaires were obtained with recovery rate of (84.75%). The results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between academic freedom in all its dimensions (teaching, expression of opinion, scientific research, decision-making, community service) and the promotion of social responsibility dimensions (administrative and procedural, societal, ethical and moral, environmental health, national and affiliation, cognitive and educational) from the perspective of university teaching staff. Also it showed the presence of a statistically significant effect between academic freedoms (freedom of teaching, scientific research, community service) and the promotion of social responsibility, and the (freedom of expression, and freedom of decision-making) was a weak effect. The results also showed no statistically significant differences for both variables (educational qualification, and years of service) and that there are differences according to the variable of the university in favor of Al-Azhar University. The researchers recommended providing good regulatory environment for the exercise of academic freedom and promote innovation and support for faculty members and urged them to do diverse and creative scientific research and achievement of leadership, and encourage them to participate in conferences, seminars and express their opinions in complete freedom.