Showing papers in "International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health in 2007"

TL;DR: This paper presents an overview on current risk assessments done by expert panels as well as on exposure assessment data, based on ambient and on current human biomonitoring results, that prove that the tolerable intake of children is exceeded to a considerable degree.

TL;DR: HBM can identify new chemical exposures, trends and changes in exposure, establish distribution of exposure among the general population, identify vulnerable groups and populations with higher exposures and identify environmental risks at specific contaminated sites with relatively low expenditure, making it an ideal instrument for risk assessment and risk management.

TL;DR: Exposure levels of the dibutyl phthalates were generally higher in the German study population, while levels of BBzP were somewhat lower, and trends observed in phthalate exposure may be associated with a change in production and usage pattern.

TL;DR: The results of within-subject variability suggest that exposure assessment should not be based on a single urine measurement, and the secondary metabolites of DiNP were detectable in nearly all samples and were therefore sensitive biomarkers of Di NP exposure.

TL;DR: The general design of the GerESs, the trend over time and spatial differences (West Germany and East Germany) for HBM data on arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are focussed on.

TL;DR: A review of the current reference values, HBM values, and the work of the German Human Biomonitoring Commission is given.

TL;DR: Elimination followed a multi-phase pattern, elimination half-lives in the second phase can only roughly be estimated to be 12h for the OH- and oxo-MINP-metabolites and 18 h for carboxy- MinP metabolites, which are suitable parameters for biomonitoring human DINP exposure.

TL;DR: In the last two decades, an explosion in information and literature on human biomonitoring data has occurred as discussed by the authors, and Symposia, workshops, and workgroups have been formed to discuss all issues surrounding biomonitors.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the majority of the children in the general population is exposed to quantities of DEHP below the TDI and the RfD, however, many children scoop out the preventive limit values to a considerable degree and in individual cases the authors observed substantial transgressions.

TL;DR: Pregnant women, infants and children need specific protection against exposure to fine particles because of their higher exposure to PM compared to adults, the immature state of the lung in childhood and also of the immune function at birth.

TL;DR: There are presently no scientific data supporting the concept of a special vulnerability of children and adolescents to high-frequency EMF, even if the usual caveats (developing organisms and structures may be more vulnerable, decades of life to come) are considered.

TL;DR: It seems that development delays of exclusively breastfed infants are a component of the health inequalities that accompanies socioeconomic disadvantages in breastfeeding urban mothers.

TL;DR: It is concluded that despite improvements of the general air quality during the last decades, living in the vicinity of industrial sources results to some extent in increased internal contaminant exposure and in effects on health outcome.

TL;DR: Interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity have to look at the structures and the environment of the person, as well as at the behavioural aspects of the individual, and elements will be outlined based on the German "Platform Physical Activity and Nutrition".

TL;DR: Results from the GerES IV pilot study showed a relation between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and an increased susceptibility to infections and inflammations of the middle ear and a remarkable decrease of the blood lead level of German children aged 6-14 years.

TL;DR: Exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury as determined by their levels in blood of general population adults in Portugal is addressed and the effectiveness of source control measures in relation to both incinerators under study is suggested.

TL;DR: Human data including both exposure to the chemical agent and the endocrine outcome are reviewed here, including age at weaning, age at puberty, anogenital distance, and sex ratio at birth.

TL;DR: The frequency of aberrant cells revealed a downward trend, but the increase obtained in the last monitored period needs to be explained and further HBM activities are required to demonstrate the corresponding trends and to reduce human exposure and health risks.

TL;DR: The review emphasizes the need for carefully designed investigations that involve adequate sample sizes and a combination of appropriate biomarkers to generate reproducible results that can be translated into more reliable cancer risk assessment.

TL;DR: From the selection of developed biomarkers, the comet assay is highly sensitive to lifestyle exposures, often confounding the output, while MN in lymphocytes seem promising with respect to laboratory and health effect (cancer) validity.

TL;DR: While over time the body burden of dioxins as well as PFOS and PFOA decreased, the PBDE concentrations in human blood increase and the observed decrease of blood lead and PCP levels over time is a consequence of legal prohibition and restriction.

TL;DR: The C>T mutation of iNOS Ser608Leu may be an important protective factor to miners and the variant NRAMP1 INT4 may play a role in the development of PTB in Chinese miners.

TL;DR: Although some of the results reported are still in question, there is no doubt that television and other electronic media negatively influence children's mental and somatic well-being.

TL;DR: This environmental health survey generates objective data on secular trends and regional differences and provides insight into probable sources of toxic metal exposure in children.

TL;DR: The Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey (INES) was started in the year 2005 and consisted of a combination of external measurements of contaminants with the determination of these substances or their metabolites in body fluids.

TL;DR: The aim of this study was both to map the childhood cancer incidence in the districts of Tehran metropolitan area and to explore possible clustering of cancer cases in the diverse environments of this area.

TL;DR: Investing in the acquisition and critical review of exposure information appears to be the crucial step for causal assessment in future research, as focusing on the presence of pesticides, and not asking the question why they were used, might mask relevant associations to other causative agents.

TL;DR: The sound quality of road traffic noise as it is described by various psychoacoustic parameters not only determines the subjective estimation of noise-induced discomfort but in addition affects physiological parameters like heart rate.

TL;DR: Air conditioning and an efficient pressure/exhaust ventilation together with efficient active scavenging systems are sufficient to sustain N(2)O exposure in ORs at levels below or within the occupational exposure limit (OEL) value of 180mg/m(3).

TL;DR: The obtained results showed a significant increase in MN frequency in occupationally exposed individuals compared with the control group and the need to reinforce the good practices campaigns in order to enlighten those who work with pesticides on the potential hazard of occupational exposure and the importance of using protective measures.