Journal•ISSN: 2315-5019
International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research
Michael Joanna Publications
About: International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Pregnancy & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 2315-5019. Over the lifetime, 155 publications have been published receiving 1065 citations.
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TL;DR: Both C. albicans and NAC species produce of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, which are important to understand the co-relation between the species and infection.
Abstract: Background: Adherence to host tissues, morphological changes and secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes are important virulence attributes of Candida species. These enzymes play pivotal roles in pathogenicity of candida infection. Aim: The present study aimed to determine phospholipase, proteinase and haemolysin activities in Candida species isolated from various clinical samples. Material and Method: A total of 110 Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens were identified up to species level by standard mycological techniques and were tested for extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activity. Results: Phospholipase activity was in 60.9% of isolates, 59.1% produced proteinase and haemolysin activity was demonstrated seen in 51.8% of Candida isolates. Maximum strains of Candida albicans produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Among Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, phospholipase and proteinase activity was higher in C.tropicalis whereas, haemolysin production was more in C.dubliniensis. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded, that both C. albicans and NAC species produce of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Since these enzymes are important to understand the co-relation between the species and infection their detection is extremely important.
70 citations
TL;DR: Female education, female empowerment, attitude of health care workers and distance of health facilities to the people in most communities are factors to be addressed in reducing child morbidity and mortality rates and improving maternal health, thus achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.
Abstract: Background: A significant number of women In developing countries, particularly in the sub-Saharan countries, do not have the opportunity to be attended to by skilled personnel during childbirth. This is a major factor in maternal and infantile mortality. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of a choice of a place of delivery among pregnant women in Russia village of Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional study that was conducted among 140 pregnant women selected by simple random sampling Results: 104 (74.3%) attended ANC, 84 (60%) had their last delivery in the hospital, while 56 (40%) had their last delivery at home. 85 (60.7%) chose to deliver in the hospital, while 55 (39.3%) opted for home delivery in the index pregnancy. Determinants of choice of delivery place include cost of hospital bill (93.6%), unfriendly attitude of health care workers (61.4%), unexpected labour (75%), distance to health care centres (36.4%), and failure to book for ANC (10.7%). 3.6% gave no reason. The older women (P=0.04), those who had no formal education and those with primary school education (P=0.02), house-wives, divorcees, widows, low-income earners, farmers and hawkers were the majority opting for home delivery (P<0.001). Religion and parity however had no significant association with the choice of a place of delivery. Conclusion: Female education, female empowerment, attitude of health care workers and distance of health facilities to the people in most communities are factors to be addressed in reducing child morbidity and mortality rates and improving maternal health, thus achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.
70 citations
TL;DR: The study shows that awareness of cervical cancer screening was higher amongst students than staff of Niger Delta University, Nigeria, and there was an association between awareness and practice of cervicalcancer screening amongst respondents.
Abstract: Background : Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease. In western countries, the incidence of and mortality associated with cervical cancer has reduced substantially following the introduction of effective cervical screening programmes. This is in contrast to what is obtained in Africa including Nigeria where cervical screening is rudimentary or non- existent. Aim : This study seeks to assess the knowledge, level of perception and the attitude of female staff and students of Niger Delta University, Nigeria, towards cervical cancer screening. Methods : A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questions were made to capture the objectives of the study. Results : Most of the respondents 278 (72%) were aware of cervical cancer, while only 182 (50.6%) were aware of cervical cancer screening. Pap smear was the most popular screening test mentioned by respondents 100 (41.2%), while some respondents (8.5% of staff and 16.3% of students) wrongly believed that blood test is used for cervical cancer screening. There is a significant association between awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening amongst staff and students (X 2 = 29.4, P=0.00). Conclusion : The study shows that awareness of cervical cancer screening was higher amongst students than staff of Niger Delta University. Uptake was low in both staff and students. There was an association between awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening amongst respondents. Overall, a greater proportion of the staff respondents had little or no knowledge of cervical cancer screening.
Keywords : Knowledge, attitude, barriers, cervical cancer, screening, Niger Delta.
62 citations
TL;DR: Most of the system disorders were found to be almost equally distributed among elderly men and women, and most common disorder reported among elderly were diseases of the eye, followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases.
Abstract: Background: Changes have been seen in the age structure of the population due to a steady rise in life expectancy and reduction in fertility. Aim: To know the morbidity pattern of the elderly in urban population of Mysore, delineate the common health conditions affecting the elderly and evaluate the differences in the morbidity pattern between the young old and old old. Material and Methods: This community based Cross sectional study was carried out at the field practice area of Urban Health Centre, JSS medical college, Mysore. The study population comprises of all geriatric population aged 60 years and above who were residing in the study area for at least one year. 526 study subjects were used for the study. Results: Most of the system disorders were found to be almost equally distributed among elderly men and women. Disorders of oral cavity were more prevalent among aged males (40.6%), while diseases of skin were more prevalent among aged females (10.0%). Most common disorder reported among elderly were diseases of the eye (51.7%) followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (38.4%). Conclusion: Awareness among the elderly population should be created for regular medical check-ups to ensure prevention and early detection of the chronic diseases. It is also essential to have geriatric units with specialised professionals along with subsidized health care services in order to address geriatric morbid conditions in a proper manner.
44 citations
TL;DR: Children whose parents’ occupation is farming had the highest prevalence which was statistically significant compared to those whose parents were non-farmers, and children who played/bathed and collected fresh water snails had higher risks of infection with urinary schistosomiasis in the area.
Abstract: Background : Urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria and continues to pose public health challenges especially in inhabitants of rural areas. Aim : This study was conducted in an attempt to establish the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in relation to epidemiological factors among children in Buruku and Katsina-Ala local government areas, Benue, Nigeria. Materials and Methods : Urine filtration technique using polycarbonate membrane filters was employed to determine presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine. Questionnaires were also administered to children to collect information on socio-demographic data and water-contact activities. Results : An overall prevalence of 41.5% was observed among the 1,124 children examined. Secondary school children recorded higher prevalence rate than primary school children and pre-school children. A significant difference in prevalence was observed between the three categories of children examined. Males had statistically higher prevalence rate than females. No significant difference was observed between the different age groups, and across the months. Children whose parents have no formal education and whose parents have primary education recorded the highest prevalence with statistical significance. Children whose parents’ occupation is farming had the highest prevalence which was statistically significant compared to those whose parents were non-farmers. Children who played/bathed and collected fresh water snails had higher risks of infection with urinary schistosomiasis in the area. Conclusion : The study draws attention to the health hazards posed by urinary schistosomiasis among children in in the studied area. The urgent need for a decisive control ntervention to stem this problem cannot be overemphasized.
Keywords : Prevalence, schistosomiasis, Benue, Nigeria
42 citations