International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive 

About: International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Drug delivery & Phytochemical. It has an ISSN identifier of 0976-3333. Over the lifetime, 924 publications have been published receiving 4495 citations.

Microbial Spoilage of Bakery Products and Its Control by Preservatives

Abstract: Spoiled food may be defined as a food that has been damaged or injured so as to make it undesirable for human consumption. Bakery products are an important part of a balanced diet and a wide variety of such products can be found on supermarket shelves. However, bakery products, like many processed foods, are subject to physical, chemical and microbiological spoilage. While physical and chemical spoilage limits the shelf life of low and intermediate moisture bakery products, microbiological spoilage by bacteria, yeast and molds is the concern in high moisture products. Many industrially produced baked goods emerge from the baking process with a surface that is essentially sterile but post bake handling can quickly lead to fungal, microbial surface contamination as a result of exposure to airborne contaminants as well as equipment contact. This present review is focused on the microbial spoilage of bakery products and its control by preservatives. This review assesses the following topics: economical importance of bakery products, microbial spoilage of bakery products, physical factors affecting microbial growth, control of microbial growth in bakery products by using chemical preservatives and biopreservatives.

Recent Trends of Fast Dissolving Tablet - An Overview of Formulation Technology

Abstract: In recent decades, a variety of pharmaceutical research has been conducted to develop new dosage forms. Among the dosage forms developed to facilitate ease of medication, the rapid disintegrating tablet (RDT) is one of the most widely employed commercial products. As our society is becoming increasingly aged, the development of Fast- or mouth dissolving tablets have been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. Such formulations provide an opportunity for product line extension in the many elderly persons will have difficulties in taking conventional oral dosage forms (viz., solutions, suspensions, tablets, and capsules) because of hand tremors and dysphagia. Swallowing problems also are common in young individuals because of their underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems. Other groups that may experience problems using conventional oral dosage forms include the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and patients who are uncooperative, on reduced liquid-intake plans, or are nauseated. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. This paper summarizes the formulation methods and drug formulation coming in market

Concept of Self Medication: A Review

Abstract: This article presents a review on self medication, which can be defined as the use of medicine without any professional supervision. It aims to find the reason of self medication and make public aware about its effects and side effects. People use it for the treatment of any disease symptoms or minor ailments by their self initiative. The most commonly available OTC medications are pain killers, cough and cold remedies, anti-allergy medicines, vitamins and energy tonics. Although these medications are considered risk free and useful for the treatment of common health problems, their excessive use can also lead to serious side effects and unfavorable reactions. The percentage of self medication might be changes with locality and region. Prevalence of self medication is high in professional students. Many of the national and international journals on the self medication were reviewed for their findings and report on different parameters. There are several drug stores, which provide the medicine without any prescription and its percentage is increasing day to day in India. Presently the frequency is high of self medication by the young ones and literate people who do not have much time to go to physician. This review conclude the benefit (when drug is used in limit and its use, characteristics are known), drawback (when people have no idea about its use and limitations) of drugs and their safe use.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel extracts.

Abstract: The antioxidative properties of extracts of Aloe vera gel made in methanol (MEAG), 95% ethanol (EEAG), hexane (HEAG), acetone (AEAG) and chloroform (CEAG) were investigated employing various in vitro systems viz. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radicals scavenging, metal ion chelation, reducing power, hydroxyl radicals scavenging and total antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion system. The results showed that MEAG and AEAG possessed maximum DPPH free radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities. All the extracts were effective in scavenging the hydroxyl radicals in nonsite-specific assay as well as in site specific assay. The formation of the Ferrozine- Fe2+ complex was found to be incomplete in the presence of MEAG and AEAG, indicating their capacity in chelating iron. The AEAG was shown more reducing power than MEAG. The in vitro antibacterial properties of methanolic extract of Aloe vera gel extract were investigated against various common pathogenic bacteria. The gel extract showed significant zone of inhibition against all the pathogens studied and the results were comparable to the conventional antibiotics. Hence it is suggested that Aloe vera gel extract could be same as a new source of natural antioxidant with potential applications for reducing the levels of lipid oxidation and oxidative stress.

Patentability of Animal Models: India and the Globe

Abstract: Patents and related issues began to ring a bell in research world years ago. Conceptual and theoretical property including new appliances also never new to pharmaceutical industry. But the tug-o-war between the traditional and modern themes remained as it is. Novel therapeutic application of newly invented procedure or instrument also added to think over again about animal models in pharmacy hub for various purpose of research. Transgenic animal’s patent law ideally entered in to a market in 1987. Although it seems easy but rather it was heavy task to develop such disease models which might have taken a quantity ranging from several to many in terms of time, money and human resources. In India animal models are not yet patentable unlike developed countries. In order to use such animal models they should have a close similarity to human organism which will convey the likeness or replica of the pathological entity and its various medians. Transgenic animal disease models are animals that have been genetically altered to have traits that mimic the symptoms of specific human pathologies. In certain inventions such as AIDS mouse as an animal used lack the receptor and co receptor that allows them to be infected with HIV. The mice were genetically altered to contain the gene for human CD4 promoter upstream of the human CD4 gene and human CKR-5 co-receptor gene. Similarly there are different models such as Alzheimer mouse, oncomouse, and smart mouse were also evolved accordingly. Keyword: Animal Model, Ethics, India, Patent.