Showing papers in "International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems in 2019"
TL;DR: This paper presents a review of different methods applied to linearize sensor characteristics reported in the literature and concludes that the digital methods combined with software techniques perform the job with better flexibility and efficiency.
Abstract: Today, the sensing devices play an important role for various system automation and monitoring of different physical and chemical parameters. Nonlinearity is an important long-time issue for most of the sensors, so to compensate nonlinearity, various linearization schemes are reported in the literature. The accuracy of linearization schemes depends on the type and the nonlinearity value of the sensor output. Since it is difficult to find an exact polynomial equation or other functions to represent the response curve; it gives more error when the measurement parameter is determined from the inverse approximation functions. As many sensors are used for different applications, the linearized characteristics will simplify the design, calibration, and accuracy of the measurement. This paper presents a review of different methods applied to linearize sensor characteristics reported in the literature. Due to availability of high-performance analog devices, analog methods are still popular among many researchers. However, due to the advancement of IC technologies, hardware implementation of the software methods can be done easily with reduced time, cost, and more accuracy, so the digital methods combined with software techniques perform the job with better flexibility and efficiency.
19 citations
TL;DR: Security features of integrity in smart vehicles were identified and discussed with an emphasis on its potential impact on future vehicular applications to improve the OTA SW update service security.
Abstract: Smart vehicles tend to choose an over-the-air (OTA) software (SW) update service. In an environment with smart vehicles, software malfunctions may have serious consequences such as accidents involving human lives and property loss. Therefore, we must ensure that the software updates in smart vehicles are completed correctly. In this study, we focused on the assurance of both data integrity and service integrity in smart vehicles to improve the OTA SW update service security. To this end, the security features of integrity in smart vehicles were identified and discussed with an emphasis on its potential impact on future vehicular applications.
7 citations
TL;DR: The proposed particle swarm optimization–neural network (PSO–NN) algorithm constructed an independent and fast monitoring system with high accuracy that can detect abnormal conditions or failures in a PS.
Abstract: This study presented a new hybrid algorithm to improve the state estimation (SE) of radial distribution power systems (PSs). The proposed particle swarm optimization–neural network (PSO–NN) algorithm constructed an independent and fast monitoring system with high accuracy that can detect abnormal conditions or failures in a PS. In this study, PSO was adopted to determine the appropriate weights of the NN model. The speed and accuracy of PSO with the NN model were evaluated in the SE of power system networks (PSNs). The information obtained through SE was used to enhance the operations and customer service delivery in terms of energy consumption and power quality in PSNs. Capacitor banks were installed to reduce the losses and improve the voltage profiles. The PSO–NN algorithm was assessed on IEEE (9, 33, and 69) bus standards. Simulation results proved that the new technique can be tested on any distribution network because of its accurate and efficient SE. Results indicated that the PSO–NN algorithm had better performance than the phasor measurement units.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on solving the relevant scientific and applied problem of limited results of experiments on serial low-cost sensors of effective illumination in the visible optical range and their subsequent mathematical analysis to evaluate metrological characteristics.
Abstract: Industrial greenhouses are complex technological facilities where control and managing of the cultivation regimes affecting the efficiency of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis should be provided. The paper solves the relevant scientific and applied problem of evaluating and analyzing the metrological and functional characteristics of effective illumination sensors. The subject of the research is the metrological characteristics of means of metrical monitoring of effective illumination in the visible optical range for protected horticulture. The object of the study is the processes and factors which affect the metrological characteristics of the serial low-cost sensors of effective illumination in the visible optical range. The findings presented in this paper focus on solving the relevant scientific and applied problem of limited results of experiments on serial low-cost sensors of effective illumination in the visible optical range and their subsequent mathematical analysis to evaluate metrological characteristics. Promising areas of the research on the metrological provision of modern computerized systems for monitoring and controlling the effective illumination of industrial greenhouses are justified. The research results can be integrated into modern methods and means of computerized metrical monitoring and automatic control of technological regimes of greenhouse cultivation.
6 citations
TL;DR: The progress and challenges regarding the development of Tele-ECG in Indonesia are elaborate, which includes data acquisition, feature extraction, data compression, classification algorithm, mobile and web development system and small device implementation on an FPGA board.
Abstract: Technology is developed to benefit society. One of the applications of technology in the healthcare sector is telehealth monitoring system. The system proposes a new way of communication between the doctor and the patient, even in a very remote location. In this paper, we elaborate the progress and challenges regarding the development of Tele-ECG in Indonesia, which includes data acquisition, feature extraction, data compression, classification algorithm, mobile and web development system and small device implementation on an FPGA board. The classification is conducted by using LVQ, GLVQ, FNLVQ, FNLVQ-PSO, FNGLVQ, and AM-GLVQ. The compression is conducted by using SPIHT algorithm. Tele-ECG can assist in monitoring heartbeat anomalies and reduce the risk of heart attack. It could also be a solution for infrastructure discrepancy in healthcare.
5 citations
TL;DR: A method for grading tobacco leaf based on color and quality using image processing techniques, which was able to detect a leaf defect and able to classify tobacco leaf with 91.667% accuracy is proposed.
Abstract: Implementation of automation technology for grading tobacco leaf was very promising. In Indonesia, grading tobacco leaf was done manually and relied on the skill and experience of tobacco leaf graders. Large tobacco plantation needed many graders, and the workers needed to be trained, to become a skilled grader. It would take a long time and substantial cost to prepare sufficient graders. Even if the plantation had enough graders, monotonous and long duration of work would raise the human error. Therefore, we proposed a method for grading tobacco leaf based on color and quality using image processing techniques. This work covered quality inspection of tobacco leaf, namely leaf defect detection and classification of tobacco leaf based on color. Image processing techniques such as image thresholding, morphological operation, blob detection, and color analysis of tobacco leaf were employed to determine the grade of tobacco leaf. From the experiment, the proposed method was able to detect a leaf defect and able to classify tobacco leaf with 91.667% accuracy.
5 citations
TL;DR: From the test results, it was concluded that the implemented fingerprint sensor with the isolation scheme worked well without bezel electrode and can be used in biometric authentication systems effectively.
Abstract: This paper presents a 96 × 96 fingerprint sensor implemented with 0.25 μ m standard CMOS technology. The implemented fingerprint sensor is based on a pseudo-direct signaling scheme that does not require an electrode for signal transmission. And the pseudo-direct signaling was combined with sensor cell isolation scheme which controls the unwanted influx of the electric fields effectively. And a pipelined scan technique was applied for fast fingerprint image capture while maintaining SNR performance. It was fabricated with 0.25 μ m standard CMOS technology and was molded with 80 μ m-thick epoxy after fabrication. The fingerprint sensor was tested with ARM board combined with PC applications. The obtained fingerprint images from the fingerprint sensor were enhanced to reduce the noise of the obtained images by using filtering technique, such as Wiener, 2D Gaussian, and 2D FIR filtering. From the test results, it was concluded that the implemented fingerprint sensor with the isolation scheme worked well without bezel electrode and can be used in biometric authentication systems effectively.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an effective yet low-cost solution using out-of-theshelf components, which is based on the structured light principle for depth/3D measurements (line laser), is proposed.
Abstract: In an increasingly specialized industry with strong demands from end users, product quality plays a key role in industrial manufacturing, where the quality impact highly depends on the final product and its application. An important parameter for quality control is the surface finish of objects, essential for determining their technical suitability. Therefore, measuring the surface levelness can be critical to ensure that the finished material meets the design specifications. In this work, we propose an effective yet low-cost solution using out-of-theshelf components, which is based on the structured light principle for depth/3D measurements (line laser). By means of laser triangulation, this solution can provide rapid and accurate levelness measurements both in 1D profiles and 2D maps for a relatively wide range of sizes, materials and other conditions. The experimental evaluations show a satisfactory performance with a great trade-offbetween accuracy and cost, becoming not only a rapid but a cheap solution, making it ideal for quick inspections in diverse environments.
3 citations
TL;DR: An enhanced architecture and implementation for 128-bit Schmidt-Samoa cryptosystem (SSC) to secure the data communication for wireless sensor networks (WSN) against external attacks is proposed and efficiently implemented and verified using FPGA modules by exploiting the maximum allowable parallelism of the SSC internal operations.
Abstract: One of the remarkable issues that face wireless sensor networks (WSNs) nowadays is security. WSNs should provide a way to transfer data securely particularly when employed for mission-critical purposes. In this paper, we propose an enhanced architecture and implementation for 128-bit Schmidt-Samoa cryptosystem (SSC) to secure the data communication for wireless sensor networks (WSN) against external attacks. The proposed SSC cryptosystem has been efficiently implemented and verified using FPGA modules by exploiting the maximum allowable parallelism of the SSC internal operations. To verify the proposed SSC implementation, we have synthesized our VHDL coding using Quartus II CAD tool targeting the Altera Cyclone IV FPGA EP4CGX22CF19C7 device. Hence, the synthesizer results reveal that the proposed cryptographic FPGA processor recorded an attractive result in terms of critical path delay, hardware utilization, maximum operational frequency FPGA thermal power dissipation for low-power applications such as the wireless sensor networks.
3 citations
TL;DR: The simulation results show that the proposed decentralized fault-tolerant PI plus fuzzy controller has a more accurate tracking level and less computational time in both minimum and non-minimum phases.
Abstract: This paper presents a typical design of fault-tolerant control using two decentralized PI plus fuzzy controllers to control the level of the lower two tanks in a nonlinear quadruple tank level process (QTLP). We also present some basic aspects of decentralized control design concerning stability and performance and illustrate them on a case study: a virtual model of a quadruple tank process. Control structure selection based on performance relative gain array (PRGA) is used, and its ability to evaluate the achievable performance is discussed. The controllers are designed based on a conventional PI controller plus fuzzy inference system technique. The relation between inputs/ outputs was proved using relative gain array (RGA), and then, we divided the quadruple tank system into two subsystems and controlled each of them separately, both in minimum and non-minimum phases. Both the controllers were designed to control the nonlinear QTLP at any operating points. The proposed approach was compared with a decentralized fuzzy controller subject to actuator/ sensor and system component faults. The simulation results show that the proposed decentralized fault-tolerant PI plus fuzzy controller has a more accurate tracking level and less computational time in both minimum and non-minimum phases.
3 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel method to curb the accidents due to headlight glare by automating the high beam and low beam settings of a vehicle by implementing an add-on module.
Abstract: High intensity beams enable the drivers to survey a large portion of the road ahead of them at night. These beams are meant for use when there aren’t many vehicles around. However, a lot of drivers make use of these beams while driving because of the convenience of having a larger field of view. These beams often result in momentary partial blindness for drivers in the oncoming lane, causing them to become floundered. In such a state, they tend to lose control and cause accidents. In this paper, we propose a novel method to curb such happenings by automating the high beam and low beam settings of a vehicle. For the purpose of this study, we used a custom prototype, which is also discussed in detail. The solution we propose, if developed into a product, would be available as an add-on module, and if implemented appropriately, will reduce the accidents due to headlight glare by an exponential factor.
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstrip fed rectangular patch antenna is designed to operate between 902 and 928 MHz UHF RFID frequencies and an 88.98 MHz impedance bandwidth is achieved through a −32% intentional impedance mismatch at the edge of the patch.
Abstract: This paper presents an unconventional bandwidth enhancement technique for thin substrate UHF RFID linearly polarized patch antennas. The patch antenna is made from polyethylene dielectric substrate and aluminum adhesive strip conductive layers. A microstrip fed rectangular patch antenna is designed to operate between 902 and 928 MHz UHF RFID frequencies. Impedance bandwidth is enhanced by intentional impedance mismatch at the edge of the patch. An 88.98 MHz impedance bandwidth was achieved through a −32% intentional impedance mismatch. Antenna’s gain and other parameters were not majorly affected by this technique. This technique is also suitable for other applications operating in 433 MHz or 2.4 GHz. Transceivers that can handle reflected power is recommended to use with this type of bandwidth enhancement.