Showing papers in "International Review of Mechanical Engineering-IREME in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, the density and tension-tension fatigue performances of thermoplastic-based fiber metal laminate structures with different hybrid layups are investigated. And the results show that a hybrid laminate system with kenaf/glass/kenaf composite construction had better performance than other layups.
Abstract: Increasing the knowledge about the fatigue performance of thermoplastic-based fibre metal laminate is crucial for further extending their applications. In this study, the density and tension-tension fatigue performances of laminate structures with different hybrid layups are investigated. The fibre metal laminate structure is formed by bonding the composite laminate to annealed aluminium 5052 by using polypropylene adhesive through the hot press moulding compression method. The fatigue test was conducted at force controlled constant amplitude loading in accordance with ASTM E466. The results show that hybrid composite laminates layups of kenaf/glass/kenaf reinforced metal laminate improve the tensile and fatigue strength by 9%, compared to composite laminates layups of kenaf/kenaf/kenaf fibre reinforced metal laminate. Meanwhile, the hybrid composite laminates layups of glass/kenaf/glass reinforced metal laminate show an increase in tensile strength and fatigue strength by 30% and 4% respectively. In terms of fatigue sensitivity, a hybrid laminate system with kenaf/glass/kenaf composite construction had better performance than other layups.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of geometric parameters on the failure load of bolted joint hybrid composite laminate was investigated and the results concluded geometric parameters significantly affect both failure load and failure mode of hybrid composites.
Abstract: Understanding of composite bolted joint behaviour is vital since it has been widely used in application involving mechanically fastened joints. The advent of advanced technology had led to the use of hybrid composite to reduce the usage of non-environment friendly material such as synthetic fibre. This current study aims to investigate the effect of geometric parameters on the failure load of bolted joint hybrid composite laminate. Composite laminates were fabricated using hot press moulding compression method and they were cut according to the appropriate dimension with the width/diameter (W/D) and edge-distance/diameter (E/D) ratio of 3, 4, 5 and 6. The hole diameter of each composite laminate was fixed at 6 mm. Bolted joint tests were conducted in accordance to ASTM D5961 using the Universal Testing Machine and several failure modes were identified. The results concluded geometric parameters significantly affect both failure load and failure mode of hybrid composites. The increase in W/D and E/D ratio increase the load carrying capability of the laminate.
12 citations
TL;DR: The description of the development of three-point wheel-legged robotic platform and its movement was given and new methods of mathematical modeling and their assistance were shown for design of new robotic device.
Abstract: In this paper the description of the development of three-point wheel-legged robotic platform and its movement was given. The motion control problem was targeted because of sophisticated walking technique with highly different phase timings. Movement algorithm, straight kinematics problem, inverse kinematics problem and dynamics problem solving are shown for the developed 3D-model. The complete algorithm of motion control was implemented for the model. New methods of mathematical modeling and their assistance were shown for design of new robotic device. The advantages of modern technologies of fast prototyping were described based on 3D printing.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the capabilities for simulation of the parameters of flying vehicles implemented by combined centrifugal stands of various schemes and proposes solutions to some complex technical problems are discussed. But the simulation is restricted to the case of a single aircraft.
Abstract: In order to ensure the reliability of the navigation equipment installed on flying vehicles, it is first tested. To reduce the time of testing and to make it cheaper, tests are run on laboratory equipment on land. The most common type of test equipment with a wide range of capabilities is considered to be the equipment which simulates centripetal acceleration – centrifuges. If centrifuges are used as a basis for combined impacts, complex imitational laws can be simulated, which copy the natural loading conditions more fully. This paper sees into the capabilities for simulation of the parameters of flying vehicles implemented by combined centrifugal stands of various schemes and proposes solutions to some complex technical problems.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed local buckling of box-shaped beams with non-linear walls and showed that the critical force of nonlinear walls is greater than that of standard boxes, and that the value of critical force increases as flections radius increases.
Abstract: For this article the authors analyzed local buckling of box-shaped beams. It is argued that the local buckling of critical force beams with non-linear walls is greater than the critical force of standard box-shaped beams, and that the value of critical force increases as flections’ radius increases.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fracture behavior of annealed composites of zeolite-filled high density polyethylene has been investigated using the essential work of fracture concept, where the crack opening displacement (COD) was estimated starting from the essential value of fracture value.
Abstract: The fracture behavior of annealed composites of zeolite-filled high density polyethylene has been investigated using the essential work of fracture concept. The crack opening displacement (COD) was estimated starting from the essential work of fracture value. The morphology of the fracture surface was examined using the scanning electron microscopy and the fracture mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that the composite with a 5 wt.% zeolite concentration has a unique fracture behavior characterized by the highest resistance to crack initiation in accordance with COD but a low resistance to crack propagation. The non-essential work of fracture as the resistance to the stable crack propagation has shown a maximum of 2.5 wt.% of zeolite followed by a sharp drop at a higher content of zeolite indicating a zeolite induced ductile-to-brittle transition. The fractured surface morphology revealed that the zeolite particle clusters arrested the plastic crack growth, which was more effective at 5 wt.% zeolite concentration. At a higher zeolite content, the amount of particle clusters rose, leading to a decrease in the average distance between them. Consequently, a large-scale plastic deformation of the matrix effectively favored the small strain damage and the fracture eventually occurred in the ductile-to-brittle transition.
7 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a system dynamics and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach was used to analyze the adoption of electric vehicle technologies from the Colombian market, considering the interaction of market share, political, and infrastructure variables that interact in the transport system.
Abstract: In the new global economy, the transport system has become a central issue to the public policy design. This article presents a model of vehicle technology adoption that determines the probability of technology selection. A system dynamics and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach was used to analyze the adoption of electric vehicle technologies from the Colombian market. Previous research has tended to focus on environmental impact rather than the political, economic, and infrastructure one. The model considers the interaction of market share, political, and infrastructure variables that interact in the transport system. The study proves a novel approach related to modeling strategy, segmentation of the Colombian vehicular market, and results of market scenarios, including peace agreements, economic growth, and infrastructure. The results allow us to understand the relevance and impact of alternative policies on penetration of non-conventional technologies (electric vehicles) in Colombia.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the flow resistance of square cylinders arranged in tandem with the addition of Inlet Disturbance Body (IDB) in the form of circular cylinder.
Abstract: Flow resistance through the square cylinders arranged in tandem, with the addition of Inlet Disturbance Body (IDB) in the form of circular cylinder, was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using FLUENT 6.3.26 software as well as by experiments on resistance force and pressure distribution analysis. There were 5 (five) Reynolds numbers (ReD) employed for the entire samples. Reynolds numbers were calculated based on condition of square cylinders arranged in tandem with diameter (D) of 70 mm. ReD values gained range from 30,625 to 96,250. The ratios of diameter of IDB circular cylinder and diameter of square cylinders diameter (d/D) were varied in three (3) levels, d/D = 0.08; 0.14 and 0.20, while the ratios of the distance between the cylinders and square cylinder diameter (L/D) were varied in 8 (eight) levels of L/D = 0.0 to 1.0. The experimental results showed the pattern of the value of drag coefficient (CD) and pressure coefficient (CP) decreasing with an increase in L/D and d/D. Lowest values of CD and CP obtained were 1.67 and 0.87 respectively for L/D = 0.43 and d/D = 0.14 for all values of the Reynolds number. It was caused by flow separation absorbed by the addition of IDB circular cylinder prior to the square cylinder arranged in tandem. For the value of L/D larger or smaller than 0.43, the values of CD and CP escalate because the vortex flow was pushed upward the flow, hence causing the boundary layer on top of the square cylinder to increase. This phenomenon is validated with CFD simulation. Placement of a circular cylinder as IDB mounted prior to square cylinders arranged in tandem is resulting in the reduction of resistance of square cylinder from CD = 2.13 to CD= 1.67 or as many as 21.5962% and reduction of the pressure distribution of CP = 1.02 to CP = 0.87 or at 14.7059%. Based on these results, the optimal values of L/D and d/D due to the addition of IDB were L/D = 0.43 and d/D = 0.14 with values of CD = 1.67 and CP = 0.87.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental studies results of the mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment influence of wear resistance of excavator bucket tooth materials and rotary cutting tool are presented.
Abstract: The experimental studies results of the mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment influence of wear resistance of excavator bucket tooth materials and rotary cutting tool are presented in this article. Experiments on abrasion in different rocks were investigated. In the example of 110G13L steel (Hadfield steel), it was shown that mechanical strengthening (cold hardening) is an effective way to improve wear resistance of machine parts working in abrasive environments. It was revealed that if the hardness of abrasive materials is lower than the hardness of cold hardening steel, wear resistance may increase by 10 times and if the hardness of abrasive materials is higher than the hardness of steel with cold hardening, it does not influence wear resistance. It was found that the high-temperature thermo-mechanical treatment of 30KhGSA steel increases its hardness (by 23%) and wear resistance (by 38%) by comparing with the same steel after hardening. It was concluded that the advisable use one of these methods depends on rock hardness.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of physiological and environmental factors on milk productivity by using artificial intelligence (AI) and showed that the model will be useful for the user to decide the best cow treatment in order to gain the best milk production.
Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of physiological and environmental factors on milk productivity by using artificial intelligence (AI). The model will be useful for the user to decide the best cow treatment in order to gain the best milk production. The research starts with a literature review and an early survey of cattle physiological, environment factors and milk productivity. The next step is measuring the environment data (temperature, wind speed, noise level and relative humidity) and measuring the physiological aspect (heart rate, body temperature) correlated with the milk productivity in 500 pairs of data. All the data are collected and stored into the database and then trained and validated using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. The initial BPNN architectures are selected in 2 hidden layers, delta bar delta learning rule, sigmoid transfer function and epoch 10000. The sensitivity analysis of all independent factors with temperature, relative humidity, core body temperature and heart rate in milk production are successfully presented. Finally, the research successfully increases cow milk production at an average = 0.96 kg/day.
TL;DR: In this article, the analysis was carried out by using the non-destructive evaluation method (impact test), and to obtain the Poisson ratio; a mechanical test was performed, by using polynomial regression.
Abstract: The determination of the vibration characteristics of Gofasa wood (vitexcofassus) can be carried out through bending tests, compression tests, and excitation tests. The beams used for the excitation test were fixed with the unsupported ends. Four measurement points were determined on the radial and tangential direction of the grain of the wood to obtain the vibration parameter values. The measurement points were subjected to movements in order to obtain the vibration transmission characteristics. The analysis was carried out by using the non-destructive evaluation method (impact test), and to obtain the Poisson ratio;a mechanical test was carried out, by using polynomial regression. The obtained results showed that the dynamic stiffness value of the tangential direction of the grain was higherthan the radialdirection of the grain kT>kR.The Poisson ratio of the grain radial direction had a higher value, and the natural frequency of thegrain radial direction showed a difference of 1 Hz, higher than the tangential direction of the grain.This research is to demonstrate that the vibration transmission characteristics have a damping ratio value less than √2. The transmission ratio TR<1 which means that the system requires damping.
TL;DR: In this article, an optimized numerical model based on finite elements is presented to assess the stress concentration factor around constrained and unconstrained dents in an API X52 steel pipe subjected to internal pressure.
Abstract: Steel pipelines that transport pressurized fluids can contain a dent defect which is a permanent deformation of the outer wall due to an impact with a foreign body. This defect induces a high local stress concentration. This paper presents an optimized numerical model based on finite elements to assess the stress concentration factor around constrained and unconstrained dents in an API X52 steel pipe subjected to internal pressure. The simulation of the finite element model is conducted in two phases; the first phase concerns the realization of the dent, while the second one takes as initial geometry the dented pipe and subjects it to an internal pressure. The validation results of this finite element model show that it can precisely provide Von Mises stress around the defect needed to calculate the stress concentration factor. The fatigue life is then estimated based on S-N curves with the Gerber criterion to account for the mean stress effect for various pipe geometries, dent depths and dent types. These dents are generated using spherical and rectangular indenters in longitudinal and transverse orientations under constrained and unconstrained configurations. A parametric study conducted on 150 cases of dented pipes subjected to internal pressure between 0% and 50% MOP (maximum operating pressure) enabled us to analyze the effect of the various types of dents on the integrity of the structure.
TL;DR: Good results obtained from comparisons confirm the possibility of using the calculation procedure to optimize the control logic of both the engine and the variable geometry turbine, thus extending the application possibilities of the simulation model.
Abstract: The present study deals with the computational simulation of a marine four-stroke dual-fuel engine, working both in diesel and natural gas modes, with a particular focus on the turbocharger system behaviour. The engine model, developed by the authors, was implemented as a computer code and used to compare the performance of the engine when using the two different fuels. The variable geometry turbine operation has been studied and simulated in detail as well as the compressor matching. The paper points out the different implications of the turbocharger functioning due to the different features of the mix air-fuel introduced in the engine. The developed computer model has been validated with good results by comparisons with reference steady state engine data, provided by the manufacturer, referred to both design and off design situations. The good results obtained from these comparisons confirm the possibility of using the calculation procedure to optimize the control logic of both the engine and the variable geometry turbine, thus extending the application possibilities of the simulation model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of the super hydrophobic characteristic of taro leaves on the process of hydrogen gas formation when there is a contact with a water droplet.
Abstract: This study is aimed at uncovering the mechanism and role of the super hydrophobic characteristic of taro leaves on the process of hydrogen gas formation when there is a contact with a water droplet The investigation was organized as: SEM-EDX analysis on the surface of taro leaf, observation on gas bubbles within a water droplet on the surface of taro leaves, and the detection of hydrogen gas production The study result shows that the super hydrophobic characteristic of taro leaves caused the formation of great contact angle and high surface tension energy in droplets A pointed-shaped nano texture caused the tension energy of the droplet surface to increase As a result, particles randomly vibrate triggering the reaction between H2O droplets and Mg, K, and Ca on the surface of leaves producing hydrogen gas bubbles Some gas was trapped in the nano grooves on the leaves surface and some with high pressure broke through the droplet and then were driven out by the Brownian motion
TL;DR: In this article, a Monte Carlo method is used for a sensitivity analysis of the suspension characteristics including tires and the road tanker's CG vertical shift due to the liquid load in relation with the vehicles response to road profile.
Abstract: A linear full-car model with seven degrees of freedom was adopted for the simulation of the dynamic behavior of road tankers with a fixed tank. The vehicle is subject to selected typical road surface profiles and inertial loads due to acceleration, braking and driving on a curve. For the simulation, a Monte Carlo method is used for a sensitivity analysis of the suspension characteristics including tires and the road tanker’s CG vertical shift due to the liquid load in relation with the vehicles response to road profile. A standard deviation was assumed for the aforementioned vehicle design characteristics introduced for the simulations performed. The road tanker’s dynamic response was investigated and furthermore results were compared with a static model as proposed by UN-ECE Regulation R-111 for lateral stability. The proposed method can be used as a design tool for the prediction of road-tankers dynamic response and roll-over threshold from an early design stage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first natural frequency of thin wall box-shaped workpiece is calculated using this model for varying wall thickness, height, and length to width ratio of the workpiece cross section.
Abstract: Structural stiffness loaded with bending force is influenced by its dimension, especially by height and cross section. As the natural frequency of the structure depends on the structural stiffness, therefore the changes in the structure dimension will also change its natural frequency. In machining process of thin wall box-shaped workpiece using vertical milling machine the workpiece can be treated as a structure subject to bending force due to the cutting force. Therefore the structural stiffness of the workpiece is a crucial aspect to be considered. The natural frequency of the workpiece, especially its first natural frequency serves as a preliminary information of the workpiece modal parameter to avoid the self excited vibration called chatter. A new model based on parametric beam modeling was developed and implemented on computer programming to predict the first natural frequency of thin wall box-shaped workpieces. The first natural frequency of thin wall box-shaped workpiece can be calculated using this model for varying wall thickness, height, and length to width ratio of the workpiece cross section. The result of the parametric beam modeling is verified though an experimental modal analysis and also compared to a finite element numerical analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, structural anaerobic and silicone gaskets were used to reduce the deformation of gearbox flange joints by 6.7μm and improved structural shear strength and shear modules.
Abstract: Heavily loaded flanged joints should not only carry the mechanical loads that are imposed, but they should also provide a fluid seal. Historically, such heavily stressed flanges were sealed with thin paper composition gaskets so that when flange joint was operated at critical load then high compressive forces were induced within the joints. Over the use of gaskets in the flange,they get deformed and due to this torque capacity, they get reduced hence creating some gaps which are potential leak paths. In recent years, chemical gasketing (liquid “formed in place gaskets”), has begun to surface as a possible solution for these dual function flanges. Hence liquid sealants have been introduced in this flange. In coming days, anaerobic and silicone sealants will be introduced in industry, in contrast with solid gaskets which deteriorate gradually with the atmospheric moisture. Anaerobic and Silicone sealants are mostly used because they are ideally suited to small flange gaps curing them rapidly. This paper focuses on the study of gaskets and liquid sealants effects on gearbox flanges. This work has revealed that structural anaerobic sealants significantly reduced the deformation by 6.7μm, and it improved the structural shear strength and shear modules. This paper also investigates the numerical and experimental analysis of gearbox anaerobic sealant flange assembly and it determines the mode shape frequency.
TL;DR: The identification of part families by categorization with vision system is discussed, and it has been used to identify the part families obtaining a 100% accuracy.
Abstract: The identification of industrial components based on their part family is very much required for the production planning and sequencing. In the present paper, a visual identification system is proposed for identifying the engineering works (or parts or components) based on their part families in group technology, computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques. The computer vision system is responsible for extracting the features of the component. The developed software provides the part family classification code by using a group technology method on the component from the data obtained by the vision system. The classification code can be used for further processing. The algorithms and the design details are deliberated. In this paper, the identification of part families by categorization with vision system is discussed, and it has been used to identify the part families obtaining a 100% accuracy.
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental determination of vector projections values of airflow velocities normal to the loading gate plane of the milling and rotary snowblower feeder is described.
Abstract: The article deals with the issue of the experimental determination of vector projections values of airflow velocities normal to the loading gate plane of the milling and rotary snowblower feeder. An experimental setup that allows the physical measurements of airflow rates in the loading gate area is described. Based on the results of the measurements obtained with the use of the test bench, an assessment is made of the distribution nature for the values of the projections of airflow rate vectors over the loading gate area. Regression equations of airflow rate vector projections are presented considering the angular rotation rate of the feeder cutter for individual points in the loading gate plane. The mathematical model description, the results of the numerical simulation of the airflow movement in the loading gate area and the comparative analysis of the experimental studies results are also presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a hexapod robot with a rectangular body and six legs symmetrically distributed along two sides is considered and a general kinematic modeling approach is proposed to plan several gaits for the robot.
Abstract: The hexapod robot is one of the most important types of robots dedicated to complex tasks. The importance given to this kind of robots is due to its high stability and precision, particularly, in irregular and dangerous areas. In this article, a hexapod robot with rectangular architecture body and six legs symmetrically distributed along two sides is considered. In order to obtain greater mobility, legs with three degrees of freedom structure are adopted. The aim of this work is to plan several gaits for the hexapod robot, by elaborating a general kinematic modeling approach. It concerns the lifting and the propelling phases of any gait adopted by the robot. In order to obtain clear representation and efficient generation of the system equations, appropriate coordinate frames are attached to the body and the legs. Simulation results confirm the kinematic model solution and show main steps of the generated gaits: (i) wave gait,(ii) ripple gait, and (iii) tripod gait.
TL;DR: This paper proposes a data warehouse system that can provide a report for the production planning and inventory control system and simplifies the process which occurs in the data retrieval of planning and Inventory control system forecast.
Abstract: Master production schedule and material requirement planning are two important tasks for production planning and inventory control to monitor the stock of raw materials and finished goods. However, data used in master production schedule and material requirement planning come from various sources which have various types of data without good integration. This makes the forecasting of production planning and inventory control to provide raw materials for production not adequate. One of the applications for production planning and inventory control is EXACT. However, the application is operational-based. Thus, it cannot show the analysis of data. This paper proposes a data warehouse system that can provide a report for the production planning and inventory control system. By using a data warehouse, the necessary reports can be served quickly and flexibly in accordance with the needs of planning and inventory control system. Kimball Nine step is a method employed for designing a data warehouse, especially if each part is designed gradually. The development of data warehouse can give the report faster and more complete by accessing the dashboard. It also simplifies the process which occurs in the data retrieval of planning and inventory control system forecast.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the hot-wall condenser will additionally increase the heat load of 28.70 W to the refrigerated space due to heat conducted from such hot tubes embedded in the wall.
Abstract: Domestic refrigerators with multiple doors are available in the market with a capacity ranging from few liters up to 350 liters. Recent refrigerators are provided with polyurethane foam (PUF) for insulation to reduce the heat conduction from the ambient to the inside cabin. In normal course, the condenser coil should be placed outside the refrigerator wall (behind the refrigerator), which is a wire tube condenser. To avoid any damage to the condenser coils while in transportations, it is embedded in the side walls of insulation, which is referred to as a hot-wall condenser. In this research work, the heat ingress in the refrigerator space is analytically predicted also using an ANSYS simulator, for identical conditions. The results of the experimentation show that the hot-wall condenser will additionally increase the heat load of 28.70 W to the refrigerated space due to heat conducted from such hot tubes embedded in the wall.The average heat flux is 42.5 W/m2 which is within the range of 40 to 65W/m2. The temperature gradient along the surface of the hot wall condenser is 43.052 K/m maximum and 10 K/m minimum. In this research work, it is concluded that the hot-wall condenser will promote additional heat flux into the refrigerator cabin as compared to the wire tube condenser.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the trend of aerodynamic lift and drag performance for an airship design in different velocities, altitudes and design fineness ratio using the Star CCM+ analysis tool.
Abstract: The aerodynamic lift and drag performance is one of the important considerations for hybrid airship configuration design. In conjunction with this, simulation study of aerodynamic characteristics can certainly benefit the process of deriving the best possible configuration for hybrid airship design. The aim of this study is to investigate the trend of aerodynamic lift and drag performance for an airship design in different velocities, altitudes and design fineness ratio using the Star CCM+ analysis tool. The airship model applied in this case study is an approximate model of the Atlant-100 airship. It is found that the airship model with low design fineness ratio typically generates much better aerodynamic lifting force in comparison to those with high design fineness ratio. On the other hand, while the range of estimated drag coefficient values is found to be rather insignificantly different, the presence of effects from the design fineness ratio is still evident. Generally, high design fineness ratio for the airship model seems to produce much lower drag force.
TL;DR: In this article, a new method of selection asphalt mixture by evaluating structural anisotropy by obtaining curves of deformation in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and further evaluation of their convergence is presented.
Abstract: In this paper we study the structural anisotropy of the road pavement. A new method of selection asphalt mixture by evaluating structural anisotropy by obtaining curves of deformation in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and further evaluation of their convergence.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Taguchi's L 16 orthogonal array to find the optimum level of operating parameters as well as develop regression model of the output variables viz, vibration (RMS value of acceleration) of engine head in linear and lateral directions under full load condition.
Abstract: Transport facility is the key parameter for development of any country. Worldwide countries are facing the green house effect and environmental pollution problem. The limited and quickly depleting fossils fuel resources have promoted research for second generation fuels for their use in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Biodiesel [Jatropha Methyl Ester] is the second generation fuel which can be used as an alternative fuel in CI engine. Jatropha Methyl Ester extracted from Jatropha Curcas which can be grown on degraded and forest land with small irrigating maintenance. In this work, the experiments are conducted on CI engine for various operating parameters viz, Compression Ratio, Fuel Injection Pressure, Fuel Fraction, and Injection Timing with four levels each under full load condition. This study aims to find the optimum level of operating parameters as well as develop regression model of the output variables viz, vibration (RMS value of acceleration) of engine head in linear and lateral directions under full load condition as a function of operating parameters. Taguchi’s L 16 orthogonal array is applied for reducing the number of runs and time for experiment. Vibration characteristics in linear direction and lateral direction are measured under different levels of operating parameters with full load condition. It was found that the acceleration in linear direction is more as compared to acceleration in lateral direction for each experimental run. Compression Ratio and Fuel Fraction are the significant parameters for corresponding linear and lateral vibration. For linear vibration, optimum levels of operating parameters are; 16.5 Compression Ratio, Pure diesel, 250 bar Injection Pressure and 23 0 bTDC Injection Timing are found. Similarly, 17.5 Compression Ratio, 30% Fuel Fraction, 270bar Injection Pressure and 25 0 bTDC Injection Timing are found for lateral vibration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of a water drop is considered to be an elastic contact interaction, which causes plastic deformations, and the stress-strain state and loading characteristics are determined using the theory of elasticity and computer mathematics.
Abstract: The impact of a water drop is considered to be an elastic contact interaction. This interaction causes plastic deformations. The stress-strain state and loading characteristics are determined using the theory of elasticity and computer mathematics. The formula for droplet’s velocity that gives rise to the erosion is derived.