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Showing papers in "Journal De Physique in 1974"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-polar representation of the spin operators is introduced, which makes possible, in the harmonic approximation, the definition of magnons for any wavelength at low temperature in one-dimensional or two-dimensional magnetic systems without long-range order, provided they are of the planar type.
Abstract: A « semi-polar » representation of the spin operators is introduced, which makes possible, in the harmonic approximation, the definition of magnons for any wavelength at low temperature in one-dimensional (= 1-D) or two-dimensional (= 2-D) magnetic systems without long-range order, provided they are of the « planar » type, i. e. they have an easy magnetization plane. The semi-polar representation is used to calculate the spin pair correlation function at low temperature. Its space-time Fourier transform (directly observable by neutron scattering) consists of a relatively broad peak due to spin fluctuations inside the easy plane, plus a narrower peak due to out-of-plane fluctuations. The intensity, width and lineshape of both peaks are calculated in both 1-D and 2-D cases for all momentum transfers, as well as the frequency shift as a function of temperature.

213 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Ideal Bose Einstein condensation is studied as a cooperative phase transition for arbitrary dimensionality and the correspondence with the n → ∞ limit of the n-vector model in the constant volume case and the n = − 2 limit in constant pressure case is discussed and precised.
Abstract: Ideal Bose Einstein condensation is studied as a cooperative phase transition for arbitrary dimensionality. The correspondence with the n → ∞ limit of the n-vector model in the constant volume case and with the n = — 2 limit in the constant pressure case is discussed and precised. The influence of a special type of disorder (random sources and sinks) is studied ; a sharp phase transition occurs with new critical exponents which are calculated and shown to violate some scaling laws.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hartree-Fock (HF) and experimental values of some known linear combination of the specific shifts of two lines were compared by means of King diagrams, and it was shown that the lines with the jump of an nl electron have by far the largest mass shifts.
Abstract: Following a previous paper on the 3d series, specific-mass isotope shifts are computed, by means of the non-relativistic Hartree-Fock method, in atoms of the 4d, 4f, 5d and 5f series, in the alkalis and in a few twoand three-electron spectra. In heavy atoms, when isotopic measurements of muonic X-ray transition lines are available, direct comparisons with experiment are presented for optical transitions with large specific shifts. In the other cases, through the use of King diagrams, the comparison is made between the Hartree-Fock (HF) and experimental values of some known linear combination of the specific shifts of two lines. In all nlN long series, the HF and experimental values agree within a factor of two. This gives confidence in the main HF result, i. e. the prediction that the lines with the jump of an nl electron have by far the largest mass shifts. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, JANVIER 1974, PAGE Classification Physics Abstracts 5.231 1

56 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, diffraction and diffuse scattering X ray patterns give a basis for the classification of smectic B mesophases, the main feature is the existence of longitudinal correlations between aligned molecules.
Abstract: 2014 The diffraction and diffuse scattering X ray patterns give a basis for the classification of smectic B mesophases. The main feature is the existence of longitudinal correlations between aligned molecules. For large correlation lengths the Sm B phase can be described as a plastic crystal structure, while for shorter correlation lengths it behaves like a stack of uncorrelated ordered layers. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, OCTOBRE 1974,

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose solutions solides d'elements de transition dans des matrices de cuivre, de nickel, de cobalt, de fer and d'aluminium ont ete analysees par emission ionique secondaire.
Abstract: Des solutions solides d'elements de transition dans des matrices de cuivre, de nickel, de cobalt, de fer et d'aluminium ont ete analysees par emission ionique secondaire. Un phenomene d'exaltation de la production des ions des elements solutes est mis en evidence. Cet effet est tout particulierement important pour le titane dans le cuivre et le chrome dans le nickel.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal properties of a nematic liquid crystal (MBBA) were investigated and the temperature dependence of the anisotropic heat conductivity of the MBBA was determined.
Abstract: 2014 We have investigated the thermal properties of a nematic liquid crystal (MBBA). We have determined the temperature dependence of the anisotropic heat conductivity. We have also studied the interface between the nematic and isotropic phases. The boundary condition is oblique (conical condition). Several applications are discussed (thermal hysteresis, disclination lines in the plane of the interface, possible heat convection effects). LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, FÉVRIER 1974,

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors showed that T1D and T1ρ sont sensibles a des mouvements a tres basse frequence (104 s-1) for systemes presentant des interactions d'echange lineaire.
Abstract: Les expressions theoriques du temps de relaxation dipolaire T 1D et du temps de relaxation dans le referentiel tournant T1ρ sont etablies a l'aide d'un formalisme thermodynamique, dans le cas ou la relaxation nucleaire provient de la modulation du champ hyperfin par le mouvement des spins electroniques. Il apparait que T1D et T1ρ sont sensibles a des mouvements a tres basse frequence (104 s-1). Une confrontation experimentale est effectuee dans le cas de systemes presentant des interactions d'echange lineaire.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the theory of dislocation theory in solids to the case of smectics and showed that two mutually perpendicular line segments do not interact; they also established the displacement field of an edge loop and the Green's function of a homeotropic sample with one free boundary and one anchored boundary.
Abstract: The distortions of a smectic phase with respect to a planar state of reference are described either by a displacement u of the layers (and the conjugated stresses σij), or by a rotation ω of the director (and the conjugated torques). In principle, the choice of ω as an independent variable is justified for the study of disclinations, and the choice of u for the study of dislocations of translation. In this latter case, and restricting the theory to small distortions, one extends various results in dislocation theory in solids to the case of smectics. With the help of the stress field due to an unit point force (Green's function), one is able to express the displacement field of a line as a surface integral, the line tension and the interaction energy with other lines as line integrals. In particular, one shows as a result that two mutually perpendicular line segments do not interact; one establishes the displacement field of an edge loop ; one obtains the Green's function of a homeotropic sample with one free boundary and one anchored boundary; the force image method is also introduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, cross sections for the destruction of orientation and alignment by collisions between metastable 6 3P2 mercury atoms and foreign gases or mercury atoms in the ground state have been measured by an optical pumping experiment, and compared with the theoretical ones.
Abstract: Cross sections for the destruction of orientation and alignment by collisions between metastable 6 3P2 mercury atoms and foreign gases or mercury atoms in the ground state have been measured by an optical pumping experiment, and compared with the theoretical ones. The experimental results are in rather good agreement with the theory for Hg(6 3P2)-rare gas collisions but not for Hg(6 3P2)-Hg(6 1S0) collisions. Tome 35 N° 1 JANVIER 1974 Classification Physics Abstracts 5.235 5.250 Plusieurs études théoriques des sections efficaces de destruction de l’orientation et de l’alignement par collision entre un atome dans un état excité et un atome dans son état fondamental ont été faites [1], [2], [3]. Diverses déterminations expérimentales de ces sections efficaces ont été entreprises, notamment pour l’atome de mercure dans le niveau excité 6 3P2, en collision avec des atomes de gaz rares ou de mercure dans leur état fondamental. Les méthodes utilisées sont variées : pompage optique des isotopes pairs et mesure de la section efficace en alignement, à partir des largeurs de courbes de résonance magnétique [4] ; bombardement électronique et mesure de la section efhcace :

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a detailed expérimental verification of the theoretical predictions of a previous paper concerning the unusual shapes exhibited by the résonance curves when the RF field is inhomogeneous.
Abstract: 2014 We report a detailed expérimental verification of the theoretical predictions of a previous paper concerning the unusual shapes exhibited by the résonance curves when the RF field is inhomogeneous. The experiments are performed with 3He gas oriented by optical pumping. The various predicted effects are observed (shape of the broad and narrow resonance curves, shifts of the resonance position arising from different origins, etc.). From these experiments one derives a measurement of the self-diffusion coefficient of gaseous 3He at 300 K : D33 = 1 440 ± 80 cm2 s-1 at 1 torr. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, DÉCEMBRE 1974, Classification Physics Abstracts 8.610 6.140 Introduction. Dans un précédent article [1], nous avons présenté une étude théorique détaillée de l’effet d’un champ de radiofréquence inhomogène sur un système de spins en mouvement. Le présent article décrit une série d’expériences qui ont été entreprises dans le but de vérifier ces prévisions théoriques. Rappelons brièvement les phénomènes attendus. Dans une expérience de résonance magnétique où le champ de radiofréquence est très inhomogène, nous avons montré que les variations de l’aimantation longitudinale globale des spins donnent des formes de courbe de résonance souvent assez inhabituelles : on obtient une superposition de deux courbes de largeurs très différentes (désignées par courbe large et courbe étroite), dont les caractéristiques (forme, largeur) dépendent de la carte du champ de radiofréquence. La courbe large s’interprète comme le résultat d’un processus de relaxation résonnante provoqué par les inhomogénéités du champ de radiofréquence ; (*) Associé au C.N.R.S. n° 18. ce processus dépend essentiellement du mouvement des atomes dans le champ. Dans le cas où ce mouvement correspond à un régime de diffusion gazeuse, on peut en déduire une nouvelle méthode générale pour mesurer les coefficients de diffusion des gaz, assez simple d’emploi et qui présente l’intérêt de s’appliquer à la mesure du coefficient de self-diffusion d’un gaz. La courbe étroite prend des formes variées selon les configurations des inhomogénéités des champs statique et de radiofréquence. En particulier, s’il existe une corrélation spatiale entre les différentes composantes de ces deux champs, des effets inhabituels sont attendus : la courbe étroite peut se présenter comme la superposition d’une courbe de dispersion et d’une courbe d’absorption, positive ou négative. De plus, on prévoit d’importants déplacements pour la position de cette résonance étroite. Nous avons donc entrepris une vérification expérimentale de tous ces effets sur la résonance magnétique nucléaire des atomes de ’He dans l’état fondamental, dont l’orientation est obtenue par pompage Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:019740035012093500



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of free triplet excitons and free or trapped holes on the triplet lifetime and the detrapping of holes was studied in crystalline anthracene.
Abstract: 2014 The effect of interaction between free triplet excitons and free or (mainly) trapped holes is studied in crystalline anthracene, both on the triplet lifetime and the detrapping of holes. The rate constant of the triplet-hole interaction is R = (5.5 ± 2) 10-12 cm3 s-1 for trapped holes and R’ = (2 ± 1) 10-9 cm3 s-1 for free holes; these values are comparable to those expected for diffusion limited processes, by triplet and hole diffusivity respectively. The efficiency of detrapping by triplets is large ~ 0.1. The effect of a magnetic field on the photocurrent is investigated, as a function of intensity and orientation of the field. A model for the triplet-doublet interaction similar to that for the triplet-triplet interaction, where triplet-doublet pairs formation is considered, is used to calculate the rate constants for pair formation (4 10-11 cm3 s-1) separation (2 x 108 s-1) and reaction (3 x 107 s-1). The values of the parameters D and E of the triplet exciton may be determined too. The study of the variation of the effect with the applied voltage shows evidence of the importance of free holes. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, JUILLET-AOUT 1974, Classification Physics Abstracts 8.170 8. 220

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a haute resolution de l'isotope 229 du thorium, dans le domaine infra-rouge situe entre 1 and 3 μ, is presented, effectuee par spectrometrie de Fourier.
Abstract: L'etude a haute resolution du spectre d'etincelle de l'isotope 229 du thorium, dans le domaine infra-rouge situe entre 1 et 3 μ, a ete effectuee par spectrometrie de Fourier. La determination des fonctions d'onde des configurations paires (ds2, d2 s, d3) et impaires (fd2, fds, fs2), a permis de calculer les constantes hyperfines des electrons a7s, a6d, b6d, a5f et b 5f relatives a ces deux groupes de configurations, les donnees experimentales etant les valeurs des constantes hyperfines A et B de vingt niveaux que nous avons pu atteindre. On en deduit la valeur du moment magnetique trouve egal a μ229 = (+ 0,45 ± 0,04) μ N, ainsi que l'ordre de grandeur du moment quadrupolaire (Q229 = + 4,3 barns a 20 % pres).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of the parallel and perpendicular susceptibilities (~~ and ~) of the ferrous halides FeCl2, FeBr2 and FeI2 was performed.
Abstract: 2014 We have done an experimental study of the parallel and perpendicular susceptibilities (~~ and ~) of the ferrous halides FeCl2, FeBr2 and FeI2. We calculate the intralayer interaction J1 from the paramagnetic behavior of ~~ and ~ and from the values of the interlayer interactions J2 [J2 can be obtained from the metamagnetic transition field at zero degree (FeCl2, FeBr2) or from the experimental value of ~~ at TN (FeI2). The D parameter characteristic of the trigonal cristalline field is calculated from value of ~ at absolute zero by a self-consistent method. In addition we propose a natural interpretation of the perpendicular susceptibility anomalous behavior below TN, using a simple model of an assembly of triplet ions (j = 1) with a single ion uniaxial anisotropy of the same order of magnitude as the magnetic exchange couplings. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, AVRIL 1974, Classification Physics Abstracts 8.531

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The equiatomic rare earth-nickel compounds with FeB-type structure exhibit complex magnetic properties and structures due to the low symmetry of the rare earth ion surroundings.
Abstract: 2014 The equiatomic rare earth-nickel compounds with FeB-type structure exhibit complex magnetic properties and structures due to the low symmetry of the rare earth ion surroundings. In these compounds the exchange interactions, occuring through conduction electrons, are long range and of the same order of magnitude as the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The latter divides the rare earth ions into two sublattices with different easy magnetization directions. When the exchange is positive the structures show a strong ferromagnetic component associated with an antiferromagnetic one. In compounds in which the anisotropy is high enough, the domain wall thickness is only one interatomic distance and the critical field necessary for the wall movement depends only on the exchange interactions, as in the metamagnetic process. Modification of the conduction band can introduce negative interactions and can give rise to modulated magnetic structures. When the crystal field effect leads to a singlet ground state, these structures can be stable down to 0 K. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, MAI 1974,

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy of the first 0+ excited state is found anomalously low (492.0 keV), as in 186Pt, and a level scheme is proposed.
Abstract: 2014 The 184Au ~ 184Pt decay, studied on-line with the ISOLDE facility (CERN), is presented. 03B3 and conversion electron spectra as well as 03B3-03B3(03B8) anisotropy measurements are given. A level scheme is proposed. The energy of the first 0+ excited state is found anomalously low (492.0 keV), as in 186Pt. These two nuclei are located in a complex shape fluctuation region. TOME 35 ? 6 JUIN 1974


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the time evolution of fluctuations thermally excited at the liquid-vapor interface of CO2 near its critical point by light scattering and light beating spectral analysis.
Abstract: 2014 We are studying the time evolution of fluctuations thermally excited at the liquidvapor interface of CO2 near its critical point by light scattering and light beating spectral analysis. This study allows the measurement of the surface tension 03B1 and of the sum (~ + ~’) of the liquid and vapor shear viscosities. The experimental results are in fair agreement with 03B1 = 03B10 (1 2014 T/Tc)03BC, 03BC = 1.291 ± 0.023 and 03B10 = 95.1 ± 10.4 in the temperature interval 0.012 ~ Tc 2014 T ~ 12 °C. We compare our values for (~ + ~’) with those we can deduce from viscosities found in the literature and obtained by conventional measurements. For Tc 2014 T 0.4 °C our results are 10 to 20 % larger. This difference and a better theoretical interpretation of our spectra explain why the values of 03B1 deduced from the present study do not exactly agree with our preceding measurements. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, NOVEMBRE 1974, Classification Physics Abstracts 7.620 7. 840

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the secondary ion emission of dilute alloys is explained by means of auto-ionizing processes, and the probability with which autoionizing states are created on the outcoming atom determines the ion yield; this probability is computed according to the local electronic structure of solute atoms in the alloys.
Abstract: 2014 The secondary ion emission of dilute alloys is explained by means of auto-ionizing processes. The probability with which auto-ionizing states are created on the outcoming atom determines the ion yield ; this probability is computed according to the local electronic structure of solute atoms in the alloys. The model gives a fair account of the observed enhancement effects. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, MARS 1974,

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a chaine lineaire de spins 1/2 avec couplage XY anisotrope is shown to be instable par rapport a deformation qui la separe en deux sous-reseaux.
Abstract: Une chaine lineaire de spins 1/2 avec couplage XY est instable par rapport a une deformation qui la separe en deux sous-reseaux. On demontre que cet effet donne lieu a une transition du second ordre. Cette instabilite, absente dans le modele d'Ising, est aussi etudiee dans le cas d'un couplage XY anisotrope ; on montre qu'elle apparait pour une valeur intermediaire du coefficient d'anisotropie.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare dichroismes circulaire and lineaire magnetiques (DCM ou DLM) of l'ion Eu2+ dilue dans des matrices cristallines d'une part (CaF2, KCl), des chalcogenures d'europium EuX, d'autre part (X = O, S, Se, Te), entre 1,5 eV and 5 eV.
Abstract: Dans ce travail, nous comparons les dichroismes circulaire et lineaire magnetiques (DCM ou DLM) de l'ion Eu2+ dilue dans des matrices cristallines d'une part (CaF2, KCl), des chalcogenures d'europium EuX, d'autre part (X = O, S, Se, Te), entre 1,5 eV et 5 eV. Dans le cas general, nous montrons que l'emploi de la methode des moments permet de determiner des donnees macroscopiques (aimantation, temperatures d'ordre magnetique) et microscopiques (origine et separation spin-orbite des etats excites) pour ces materiaux magnetiques. Nous montrons ainsi, en particulier, que le couplage spin-orbite est a l'origine des phenomenes magneto-optiques quel que soit l'ordre magnetique. Nous determinons theoriquement l'amplitude et l'allure des phenomenes dichroiques Correspondant aux transitions 4f7 → 4f6 5d(e g ou t2g) de l'ion Eu2+ en phase paramagnetique dans le modele de Heitler-London pour divers schemas proposes anterieurement pour rendre compte de l'absorption. Le calcul du DCM et du DLM en phase ferromagnetique est effectue dans le cadre du modele de Freiser et al. en considerant le couplage spin-orbite de l'electron d(2λd ld.s d) et en introduisant phenomenologiquement l'interaction d'echange dans l'etat excite (2F sdz). L'accord entre nos resultats experimentaux et theoriques pour EuS est obtenu pour F/λd ≃ 3. Pour tous les chalcogenures nous detectons, grâce a la forte resolution du DCM, une raie localisee sur le flanc bleu de la bande t2 g, meme a la temperature ordinaire. Compte tenu de son comportement thermique nous l'attribuons a une transition interdite de spin 4f7 → 4f 6 5d(S = 5/2). En desaccord avec les suggestions d'autres auteurs, nous montrons que la raie de faible intensite, situee vers 3,5 eV pour EuS et EuSe, possede un caractere excitonique f-d.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the radial distribution profile of metastable atoms in a cylindrical cell during afterglow was used to estimate the probability of non-relaxation of a helium or argon metastable atom in a collision with the pyrex wall.
Abstract: 2014 The détermination of the radial distribution profile of metastable atoms in a cylindrical cell during afterglow permits us to estimate the probability of non-relaxation of a helium or argon metastable atom in a collision with the pyrex wall. The probabilities are RHe(23S1) 0.75 , 0.15 RAr(3P2) 0.5. Our results are compared to Lisitsyn’s and a critical discussion is presented. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, AVRIL 1974,


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a very inhomogeneous radiofrequency field on an ensemble of moving atoms is investigated theoretically and the halfwidth of the broad curve is then simply related to the diffusion time of the atoms through the cell.
Abstract: 2014 The effect of a very inhomogeneous radiofrequency field on an ensemble of moving atoms is investigated theoretically. When sweeping the static magnetic field and measuring the longitudinal magnetization, one observes a resonance curve of unusual shape. In most cases it is the superposition of two curves differing substantially in width. The shape of the broad curve depends primarily on the atomic motion in the inhomogeneous radiofrequency field. The case in which the motion follows a diffusion process is investigated in detail and the half-width of the broad curve is then simply related to the diffusion time of the atoms through the cell. This yields a sensitive method for measuring diffusion coefficients in gases without requiring determination of the magnitude of the field gradient. The narrow curve may have various shapes according to the spatial variations of the static and radiofrequency field inhomogeneities (and mainly to the correlations between the different components of such inhomogeneities). The curve may have an absorption shape, with a positive or a negative sign (the magnetization being minimum or maximum at resonance) and may also be a superposition of an absorption and a dispersion curve. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the narrow curve undergoes large shifts, in particular due to crossed terms between the static and radiofrequency field inhomogeneities. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 35, OCTOBRE 1974, Classification Physics Abstracts 8.610-6.140 Le principe général des expériences de résonance magnétique est bien connu [1] : on considère un ensemble d’atomes, dont chacun possède un moment cinétique S et un moment magnétique m = yS (y : rapport gyromagnétique des atomes) qu’un processus quelconque (relaxation thermique, pompage optique, etc.) tend à orienter dans une direction Oz ; ces atomes sont plongés dans un champ statique Bo parallèle à Oz et soumis à l’action d’un second champ magnétique B,(t) (champ de radiofréquence), tournant autour de Oz avec la vitesse angulaire co ; lorsque B, --co/y, il se produit un phénomène de résonance (résonance magnétique) : le champ de radiofréquence, même faible, peut détruire l’orientation des atomes. Les variations en fonction de Bo de la composante Mz sur Oz de M (aimantation globale de l’ensemble des atomes) sont données par une courbe d’absorption de Lorentz, centrée en Bo = wlr, et dont la largeur dépend de Bl ainsi que des temps de relaxation longitudinale et transversale du système. En pratique, les champs Bo et BI ne sont évidemment jamais parfaitement homogènes, et il se pose le problème de tenir compte de cette inhomogénéité. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:019740035010069900