Institution
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
Government•Paris, France•
About: French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Layer (electronics). The organization has 16866 authors who have published 13864 publications receiving 461303 citations. The organization is also known as: CEA & Commissariat a l'energie atomique.
Topics: Laser, Layer (electronics), Neutron, Population, Substrate (printing)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Évry Val d'Essonne1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, Technical University of Denmark3, Barcelona Supercomputing Center4, University of Copenhagen5, University of Tokyo6, University of Miyazaki7, Wageningen University and Research Centre8, Tokyo Institute of Technology9, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission10
TL;DR: Three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) are identified that are not nation or continent specific and confirmed in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous.
Abstract: Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.
5,566 citations
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Goddard Space Flight Center1, Brera Astronomical Observatory2, University of Milan3, University College London4, Pennsylvania State University5, University of Leicester6, Sonoma State University7, University of California, Berkeley8, Universities Space Research Association9, National Research Council10, University of Southampton11, Los Alamos National Laboratory12, National Radio Astronomy Observatory13, Space Telescope Science Institute14, Max Planck Society15, California Institute of Technology16, University of Texas at Austin17, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission18, University of Toronto19, University of Maryland, College Park20, Princeton University21, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory22, University of Cambridge23, University of California, Santa Barbara24, Rice University25, University of Tokyo26, Saitama University27, University of Florence28
TL;DR: The Swift mission as discussed by the authors is a multi-wavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy, which is a first-of-its-kind autonomous rapid-slewing satellite for transient astronomy and pioneers the way for future rapid-reaction and multiwavelength missions.
Abstract: The Swift mission, scheduled for launch in 2004, is a multiwavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy. It is a first-of-its-kind autonomous rapid-slewing satellite for transient astronomy and pioneers the way for future rapid-reaction and multiwavelength missions. It will be far more powerful than any previous GRB mission, observing more than 100 bursts yr � 1 and performing detailed X-ray and UV/optical afterglow observations spanning timescales from 1 minute to several days after the burst. The objectives are to (1) determine the origin of GRBs, (2) classify GRBs and search for new types, (3) study the interaction of the ultrarelativistic outflows of GRBs with their surrounding medium, and (4) use GRBs to study the early universe out to z >10. The mission is being developed by a NASA-led international collaboration. It will carry three instruments: a newgeneration wide-field gamma-ray (15‐150 keV) detector that will detect bursts, calculate 1 0 ‐4 0 positions, and trigger autonomous spacecraft slews; a narrow-field X-ray telescope that will give 5 00 positions and perform spectroscopy in the 0.2‐10 keV band; and a narrow-field UV/optical telescope that will operate in the 170‐ 600 nm band and provide 0B3 positions and optical finding charts. Redshift determinations will be made for most bursts. In addition to the primary GRB science, the mission will perform a hard X-ray survey to a sensitivity of � 1m crab (� 2;10 � 11 ergs cm � 2 s � 1 in the 15‐150 keV band), more than an order of magnitude better than HEAO 1 A-4. A flexible data and operations system will allow rapid follow-up observations of all types of
3,753 citations
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TL;DR: The pathways that regulate ROS homeostasis are crucial for mitigating the toxicity of ROS and provide strong evidence about specificity in ROS signalling.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be toxic but also function as signalling molecules. This biological paradox underlies mechanisms that are important for the integrity and fitness of living organisms and their ageing. The pathways that regulate ROS homeostasis are crucial for mitigating the toxicity of ROS and provide strong evidence about specificity in ROS signalling. By taking advantage of the chemistry of ROS, highly specific mechanisms have evolved that form the basis of oxidant scavenging and ROS signalling systems.
2,941 citations
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Max Planck Society1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven2, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission3, University of Liège4, Spanish National Research Council5, University of Vienna6, European Space Agency7, European Southern Observatory8, Austrian Institute of Technology9, Graz University of Technology10, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy11, Konkoly Thege Miklós Astronomical Institute12
TL;DR: The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) as discussed by the authors is one of the three science instruments on ESA's far infrared and sub-mil- limetre observatory.
Abstract: The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) is one of the three science instruments on ESA's far infrared and submil- limetre observatory. It employs two Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays (stressed and unstressed) with 16 × 25 pixels, each, and two filled silicon bolometer arrays with 16 × 32 and 32 × 64 pixels, respectively, to perform integral-field spectroscopy and imaging photom- etry in the 60−210 μm wavelength regime. In photometry mode, it simultaneously images two bands, 60−85 μ mo r 85−125 μ ma nd 125−210 μm, over a field of view of ∼1.75 � × 3.5 � , with close to Nyquist beam sampling in each band. In spectroscopy mode, it images afi eld of 47 �� × 47 �� , resolved into 5 × 5 pixels, with an instantaneous spectral coverage of ∼ 1500 km s −1 and a spectral resolution of ∼175 km s −1 . We summarise the design of the instrument, describe observing modes, calibration, and data analysis methods, and present our current assessment of the in-orbit performance of the instrument based on the performance verification tests. PACS is fully operational, and the achieved performance is close to or better than the pre-launch predictions.
2,645 citations
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TL;DR: ABINITv3.0 is described, in which freedom of sources, reliability, portability, and self-documentation are emphasised, in the development of a sophisticated plane-wave pseudopotential code.
2,596 citations
Authors
Showing all 16887 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Philippe Ciais | 149 | 965 | 114503 |
Stanislas Dehaene | 149 | 456 | 86539 |
W. Kozanecki | 138 | 1498 | 99758 |
Christophe Royon | 134 | 1453 | 90249 |
Jean-Luc Starck | 133 | 657 | 76224 |
Lucie Gauthier | 132 | 679 | 64794 |
Eric Lancon | 131 | 1084 | 84629 |
Ahmimed Ouraou | 131 | 1075 | 81695 |
Jean-Francois Laporte | 129 | 910 | 77899 |
Bruno Mansoulie | 129 | 923 | 79222 |
Djamel Eddine Boumediene | 129 | 967 | 76556 |
Maarten Boonekamp | 129 | 1005 | 79425 |
Laurent Chevalier | 129 | 982 | 80840 |
Nathalie Besson | 129 | 954 | 78653 |