Showing papers in "Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems in 2016"
TL;DR: This paper takes Life ray EE portal as the Enterprise Information Portal platform, SOA framework and Web Service as business mode, and the research on target, framework and key technology of construction of information ecosystem on Enterprise information Portal realize closed loop of informationcosystem promoting the development of all kinds of enterprise system.
Abstract: Enterprise Information Portal as a unified display platform of Enterprise Information has the capability of integration and display with all kinds of business system. Through bottom layer supporting lots of agreement can realize interconnection of all the business system. The paper takes Life ray EE portal as the Enterprise Information Portal platform, SOA framework and Web Service as business mode. The research on target, framework and key technology of construction of information ecosystem on Enterprise Information Portal realize closed loop of information ecosystem promoting the development of all kinds of enterprise system.
20 citations
TL;DR: A control system which will cause better alignment of Photo voltaic (PV) array with sun light and to harvest solar power and to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting the difference between position of sun and panel.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to present a control system which will cause better alignment of Photo voltaic (PV) array with sun light and to harvest solar power. The proposed system changes its direction in two axis to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting the difference between position of sun and panel. Hardware testing of the proposed system is done for checking the system ability to track and follow the sunlight in an efficient way. Dual axis solar tracking system superiority over single axis solar tracking system is also presented.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of optimal power flow OPF still under many studies in order to minimize the cost, losses, emission of harm gases, etc., the main articles of this paper include the last nontraditional OPF methods, hybrid methods, multi-objective OPF, and OPF with FACTS devices.
Abstract: Optimal Power flow considered the backbone tool in the complex power system. The expanding in demands lead to increasing in generation that requires increase the transmission capacity, for these reasons the problem of optimal power flow OPF still under many studies in order to minimize the cost, losses, emission of harm gases, etc. FACTS is the main articles of this paper include the last nontraditional OPF methods, hybrid methods, multi-objective OPF, and OPF with FACTS devices. Also there are three Tables contain the recent stander and hybrid methods used, mostly, in solving OPF problems with their advantages, disadvantages, and their applications that may help the researchers in this field, eventually some important points have been concluded.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interval mathematical approach is shown to be more versatile than the rest of the techniques because of the ability to stretch the unknown variable while bounded, which is a feature of interval mathematical approaches.
Abstract: Uncertainties of environmental and physical parameters of outdoor power transmission lines are rarely known, though they are very critical in planning, operation and line uncertainty modeling for power utilities. Several approaches have been previously used to predict such parameters in wide transmission corridors. Transmission line uncertainty modeling can be challenging since it is based on the assumption of the unknown limits. This paper characterizes and evaluates these approaches. After comparative study, the interval mathematical approach is shown to be more versatile than the rest of the techniques because of the ability to stretch the unknown variable while bounded.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model-following controller for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems was proposed, which avoided the use of plant parameters by using the active disturbance rejection control method.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a model-following controller for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This control system avoided the use of plant parameters by using the active disturbance rejection control method. Moreover, we propose a design method for the system, which could easily be decoupled for MIMO systems. Furthermore, the model-following controller could be designed for use when the orders of the model and the plant are different. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed method was robust to plant parameter variations and external disturbances.
7 citations
TL;DR: Synchronous Reference Frame Strategy for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been modified using Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm based controller and their performances have been compared as mentioned in this paper, the acute analysis of Comparison of the compensation capability based on THD and speed well be done, and recommendations will be given for the choice of technique to be used.
Abstract: Synchronous Reference Frame Strategy for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been modified using Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm based controller and their performances have been compared. The acute analysis of Comparison of the compensation capability based on THD and speedwell be done, and recommendations will be given for the choice of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and they will undoubtedly prove the importance of the proposed control technique of aircraft shunt APF.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad overview of the selection of energy storage technology in several multicriteria decision-making domains is presented, where the authors discuss the selection criteria and the diversity of technologies.
Abstract: With the development of intermittent energy, the impact of intermittent energy has become increasingly serious. Energy storage technology not only can be used for peak load regulation of power grid, smooth load, improving the utility ratio of electrical equipment, and reducing the power cost, but also can be used to promote the use of renewable energy, improve the system running stability, adjust the frequency, and as a means to adjust the impact of overload in the power grid. However, the selection criteria and the diversity of technologies make choice difficult. It is particularly important to select the energy storage technology scientifically. This paper gives a broad overview of the selection of energy storage technology in several multicriteria decision making domains
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a powerful common controller to mitigate the Turbine-generator shaft oscillations due to Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) with Statics synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static synchronous series compensator(SSSC).
Abstract: This paper proposes a powerful common controller to mitigate the Turbine-generator shaft oscillations due to Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) with Statics synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The mitigation of SSR is achieved by increasing the network damping at frequencies which are close to the torsional mode frequency of the turbine-generator shaft. The increase of network damping is done by the extraction of subsynchronous component of voltage and current from the measured signal of the system. From the knowledge of subsynchronous components, a shunt current is injected by STATCOM and a series voltage is injected by SSSC into the transmission line to make the subsynchronous current to zero which is the main cause of turbine oscillations. To analyze the effectiveness of the proposed common control scheme, IEEE first benchmark model has taken. The results show the accuracy of the proposed control scheme to mitigate the Torque amplification of SSR.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solar photovoltaic panel using five parameter model of cell considering top Indian manufactured solar panels and estimating output DC power by using location Radiation, temperature and wind as input.
Abstract: Fossil fuels like coal, gas, diesel etc., used for generate electrical energy are in exhaust stage and causes pollution. This necessitates alternative sources of fuels which are renewable and non-pollutant like wind, solar, tidal to generate electrical energy. These renewable fuels cannot be supplied to generate power as required like conventional fuels, as they are naturally available and depends on environmental conditions. Hence they have to be efficiently utilized when they are available. Solar energy is the electromagnetic waves in the form of light which contains packets of energy known as photons. These photons produce electrical energy by the process known photovoltaic effect. In this paper studies are made to utilization of solar energy to produce electrical energy, for this sun-earth angular relation was found using declination angle of earth based on day number, azimuth angle, altitude angle, angle of incidence for particular location i.e., Andhra university, Visakhapatnam with latitude 17.680° N and longitude 83.320° E. Collecting radiation data for the consider site and calculating actual radiation on tilt surface by applying correction to the data collected. Simulation of solar photovoltaic panel using five parameter model of cell considering top Indian manufactured Solar Panels and estimating output DC power by using location Radiation, temperature and wind as input. Comparing output of simulation with on-line simulators like PV watts and off-line software’s SAM, PVs yst. Second part of this paper is estimation of installation cost of solar power plant, cost of generations, Performance ratio, Capacity utilization Factor, LCOE, return of investment, comparing with conventional utility rates.
4 citations
TL;DR: A low power delay locked loop with a closed loop duty cycle corrector circuit which receives a clock signal with 30%~70% duty cycle and generates a clock signals with 50% ± 2%duty cycle is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper a low power delay locked loop with a closed loop duty cycle corrector is proposed. The duty cycle corrector circuit is a dual loop circuit which receives a clock signal with 30%~70% duty cycle and generates a clock signal with 50% ± 2% duty cycle. Thepowerconsumption of the overall circuit is 1.2 mW. This circuit is fabricated in 0.18 um CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the RMS jitter of the proposed work is 4 ps at 1 GHz.
4 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a microcontroller based approach of a mobile phone and keypad controlled door that can be remotely controlled either by receiving set of instructions through the mobile phone or the keypad acting as the transmitter.
Abstract: This paper presents a microcontroller based approach of a mobile phone and keypad controlled door. The door can be remotely controlled either by receiving set of instructions through the mobile phone or the keypad acting as the transmitter. The design consists of four main functional modules, which include: the mobile communication, controlling, decoding and the switching module. The decoding module and controlling module are made using integrated circuit chips ensuring proper conversion of signal to binary codes, which enables the microcontroller to effectively communicate with the switching device handling opening and closing of the door. The mobile communication module act as the transceiver unit which employs the use of a mobile phone serving as the communication device between the user at one end and the door at the other end. The decoding module and the controlling module are made possible using modern integrated circuit chips ensuring proper conversion of signal to binary codes, enabling the microcontroller to communicate properly with the switching device responsible for opening and closing the door. Only the right code can open the door, in case of sending wrong codes over three consecutive times, the password will have to be reset, because the system has sensed an intruder attempts.
TL;DR: Vedic multipliers gives more performance in areas like resource utilization, power requirement, delay etc. when compared to conventional booth multiplier based LMS-ALE filter units.
Abstract: ALE or adaptive line Enhancers are special kinds of adaptive filters widely used in noise cancellation circuits. In circuits where we don’t have any prior knowledge of signal and noise, fixed filters unit never works good. Among adaptive filter ring algorithms LMS algorithm is very common, in our work also we use LMS algorithm. LMS-ALE filters removes the sinusoidal noise signals present in the channel by calculating the filter coefficients in every iteration. LMSALE filter has large number of multiplier units. FFT or Fast Fourier Transform blocks present in LMS algorithm again consist of large array of multiplier units. Optimization of LMS-ALE filter lies must start from optimization of multiplier blocks. Here we use Vedic “Vertical and crosswise algorithm” for multiplier design. When compared to conventional booth multiplier based LMS-ALE filter units, Vedic multipliers gives more performance in areas like resource utilization, power requirement, delay etc. The work includes designing Vedic multipliers, complex Vedic multipliers, redesigning Radix-8 FFT using Vedic multipliers, redesigning LMS block using Vedic FFT, redesigning LMS ALE filter using Vedic multipliers and Vedic LMS blocks. Major part of design is done in verilog using Xilinx ISE design suite. ADC block present in LMS-ALE filter is done in Matlab version 2013.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was used for load frequency control (LFC) of two area thermal-thermal power systems under deregulated conditions.
Abstract: The Load frequency control (LFC) of power systems is one of the challenges faced under deregulated conditions. To attain the LFC optimal tuning of the controller is needed. This article proposes a solution for the LFC of two area thermalthermal power systems under deregulated conditions. The controller used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The regions are interrelated by means of standard AC tie-lines. The effects of bilateral agreements between distribution companies and generation companies are also considered. To enhance optimization synthesis and to minimize the fuzzy system work the membership functions of the FLC are tuned by PSO technique. The optimal tuning is obtained by optimizing the scaling gains of the FLC. The proposed controller is evaluated under various operating conditions in a deregulated two area environments. The simulation is carried out using Simulink/MATLAB. The PSO tuned controller showed better performance with respect to conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller and non-tuned FLC controller.
TL;DR: This research paper is a survey paper that focuses on the current status of HTTP protocol and the suggested solutions that are implemented recently and the analysis and benchmarking of HTTP/2 in modern web services and mobile sensing-based applications.
Abstract: This research paper is a survey paper that focuses on the current status of HTTP protocol and the suggested solutions that are implemented recently. New protocols and some new modification to the current protocol have been discussed and implemented in the recent years to meet the new requirements of advanced web and mobile sensingbased applications. In this paper, we explore the current status of HTTP 1.1, SPDY, HTTP/2 and HTTP over UDP protocols. In addition to the analysis and benchmarking of HTTP/2 in modern web services and mobile sensing-based applications.
TL;DR: The multiobjective design of multichannel sample rate convertor using Genetic optimization technique is considered and the model is first designed on simulink platform using Xilinx Blockset and then it is transferred on FPGA platform using system generator.
Abstract: The multiobjective design of multichannel sample rate convertor using Genetic optimization technique is considered in this paper. This new optimization tool is based on mechanism of biological evolution. It is characterized by design of natural system retaining its robustness and adaption properties of natural systems. The objectives of multichannel sample rate convertor design include matching some desired response while having minimum linear phase; hence, reducing the time response, constant group delay, increasing bandwidth. Genetic optimization technique is also used for reducing the power consumption of multichannel sample rate convertor by optimization of coefficient of filter by scaling which are used in implementation of multichannel sample rate convertor design in FPGA implementation. After applying genetic algorithm 1 to 128 channel sample rate convertor bandwidth increased by 150%, power reduced by 62% to 85%, dynamic power reduced by 31% to 54% of conventional sample rate convertor, constant and less group delay, linear phase response, reducing time response. In an extended work the authors have tried and successfully executed the model and system upto 128 channels. The proposed model is first designed on simulink platform using Xilinx Blockset and then it is transferred on FPGA platform using system generator. The complete circuit is synthesized, implemented, simulated using Xilinx design suite.
TL;DR: An analytical approach to comparing the performance of mobile robot is presented by graphical and numerical methods that predict a slope which confirms that more the advanced device has been used the robot reached the goal earlier.
Abstract: Now a day's robotics provides better service to people anywhere in the world in every sector of life. This standard does not come in a day. Day by day the research on 'analyzing behavior' on robotics by roboticists, engineers, physicists, and mathematician made this standard of life. This paper is presented an analytical approach to comparing the performance of mobile robot. A scenario has been considered in which robot is in world coordinate frame along with a definite boundary. The test run has been taken by varying the microcontrollers and microcomputer. Then analyzed the data’s by graphical and numerical methods that predict a slope which confirms that more the advanced device has been used the robot reached the goal earlier.
TL;DR: To meet the design requirements, a novel gate driver design is presented which is compact, cost effective and meets specific requirements of non-lethal nature of the fence.
Abstract: Non-lethal electric fence technologies gained considerable recognition in various application areas ranging from security to live-stock management and farm automation. Fence energizer, which is essentially a High Voltage Pulsed Power Supply (HVPPS), is a pivotal part of a non-lethal fence system with several design options. Marx generator, which is a well-recognized HVPPS, has never been tried as a fence energizer. This paper investigates potential of Marx generator as a fence energizer and identifies specific requirements and challenges that need to be addressed. Finally, a design of Marx generator is presented for a non-lethal electric fence having voltage rating of 40 kV, output pulse duration of 15 μs, pulse rate of up to 100 Hz and maximum output energy to be lower than 20 mJ per pulse to ensure its non-lethal nature. To meet the design requirements, a novel gate driver design is presented which is compact, cost effective and meets specific requirements of non-lethal nature of the fence.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel complex equivalent circuit model for the lithium-ion batteries is proposed, which is based on the balance charge and serial discharging mechanism, aiming to realize the aeronautical battery pack capacity fading and safety judgment.
Abstract: A novel complex equivalent circuit model has been proposed for the lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-ion battery pack capacity check method is proposed, which is based on the balance charge and serial-discharge mechanism, aiming to realize the aeronautical battery pack capacity fading and safety judgment. The method achieves the battery pack capacity check and safety anticipation maintenance by recycling balance charge and serial discharge process together with the minimum mean square error method. Experimental results show that, the method can effectively realize the capacity check and security anticipation and the accurate rate is over than 95%. The proposed capacity inspection and safety anticipation method can effectively solve the aeronautical lithium-ion battery pack capacity security prediction problem, effectively ensuring its cruising ability and security in the aero power supply applications.
TL;DR: In this article, the exact magnetic field required in high power microwave generation using Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) is found and the derived equation gives calculation of exact values of magnetic field for focusing of beams.
Abstract: Overall efficiency of high power microwave generating device depends upon input current in the form of electron beam and currents required for electromagnets. In order to increase the efficiency of device, if electromagnets are replaced by permanent magnets, overall efficiency of device shall increase. So, calculation of exact magnetic field is required. In this paper, the exact relation of magnetic field required in high power microwave generation using Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) is found. BWO interacts with slow waves and is the most promising device to produce high power microwaves. The interaction involves the beams from high current density and the waveguide mode. An exact relation that specifically relates the various parameters of the waveguide like slow wave structures (SWS) dimensions, input beam voltage and operational frequency with axial magnetic field is derived. The derived equation gives calculation of exact values of magnetic field for focusing of beams. Theoretical and simulated work show good agreement with the previously available experimental data. So, with the derived electromagnetic wave relation exact value of magnetic field is calculated for desired frequency and power regime.
TL;DR: The operating principle of the boost inverter and command have been analyzed and verified by simulation and realization, and frequency analysis of output voltage signal proves efficient results.
Abstract: In order to cover energy requirement, the photovoltaic is one of the proposed solutions. However, according to the aim of its utilization, the direct current output voltage of photovoltaic source should be adjusted. The boost inverter is a recent power processing stage that can increase, filter and alternate direct current input voltage. So as to control it, there are various modulation types. Among them, the sinusoidal pulse width modulation is presented in a new digital form. The operating principle of the aforementioned inverter and command have been analyzed and verified by simulation and realization. Furthermore, frequency analysis of output voltage signal proves efficient results.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance characteristics of Induction motor with different PWM techniques like CSVPWM, DPWMMAX, DPWMMIN have been analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and to validate the results the harmonic spectra values has been listed out.
Abstract: In now a days modern multi level inverters have emerged to overcome the drawbacks due to the conventional inverters. In various industries inverters with different PWM techniques have been employed to achieve good performance in the context of variable speed drives. But due to multilevel inverters the switching losses are more and the cost of the equipment is also more because of the number of devices is increased in multilevel inverters. These are some drawbacks due to the usage of conventional multilevel inverters in industries. In this proposed work a decoupled algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawbacks due to conventional inverter have been presented. The cascaded connection of asynchronous motor and two 2-level inverters at both ends of motor constitutes to open end winding induction motor drive. The characteristics of dual inverter fed open end winding induction motor drive resembles to those of conventional three level inverter. In this proposed work the performance characteristics of Induction motor with different PWM techniques like CSVPWM, DPWMMAX, DPWMMIN have been analysed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and to validate the results the harmonic spectra values has been listed out.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of wind energy system's participation on dynamic stability margins available on AGC of interconnected power system is investigated, where the optimal AGC regulators are designed using full state vector feedback control theory.
Abstract: This paper presents the investigations on the effect of wind energy system’s participation on dynamic stability margins available on AGC of interconnected power system. A two area power system model interconnected via EHVAC tie-line is considered for the study. Each of the areas is consisting of hybrid sources of power generation like; hydro, thermal, gas and wind power plants. Various participation factors for electrical energy received from wind power plants, along with the energy from thermal, gas and hydro plants, are considered for the investigations. Moreover, any reduction of generation from thermal power plant is supposed to be supplied by wind power plant for fuel saving and to reduce emissions to environment. The optimal AGC regulators are designed using full state vector feedback control theory. Following the achievement of optimal gains of AGC regulators, the system closed-loop system eigenvalues are obtained for various case studies. The investigations of the closed loop eigenvalues carried out reveal that all the closed-loop eigenvalues are lying in the negative half of s-plan for all case studies and thus ensure the closed-loop system stability. Also, closed-loop eigenvalues are found to be sensitive to reduction in thermal generation and subsequent increase in electrical energy from wind power plants. It is also observed that the computed complex eigenvalues have shown a considerable decrease in the magnitude of its imaginary part when reduction of thermal generation is met by wind power generation. The reduced magnitudes of imaginary parts of closed-loop eigenvalues result in cost effective controller realization and improvement in system stability. On the other hand, the replacing the deficit caused in the supply with wind energy has no undesirable emissions to environment.
TL;DR: This investigation uses a cubical water phantom and Mammosite® single lumen balloon system to measure effects on breast-air interface, and results may help quantify uncertainties in the predicted versus actual skin doses used during the treatments.
Abstract: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is an effective internal radiation therapy procedure for treating malignant neoplasms. This technique is widely used in breast cancer treatments to destroy residual cancer cells surrounding the lumpectomy cavity following surgery. This is done by inserting a balloon catheter into the cavity that is inflated with saline as well as a medium of radiographic contrast. Then the radioactive isotope is positioned into the center of the balloon using an HDR unit to deliver the prescribed dose to a volume surrounding the balloon. Most of the currently available treatment planning systems (TPS) for brachytherapy, including Nucletron Oncentra, estimate dose using proprietary algorithms which use a pre-calculated dose metric derived from Ir-192 placed in a water phantom. However, they do not take into account variations in attenuation due to inhomogeneities in different tissues. This may lead to several questions: do these TPS estimate absorbed dose correctly within the target tissue? What are the effects on breast-air interface within the target volume? Does a radiographic contrast medium in the balloon alter the dose distribution calculated by TPS? These uncertainties and doses can be quantified by using the data recorded in a tissueequivalent patient phantom which is aided by a PN junction commercial diode detector and an electrometer. During this investigation, we used a cubical water phantom and Mammosite® single lumen balloon system to measure effects on breast-air interface, the diode detector was placed on the phantom wall to simulate the tissue air interface. Measured data were compared with predictions from the Oncentra TPS for the same geometry. These results may help quantify uncertainties in the predicted versus actual skin doses used during the treatments. This in turn could increase the clinicians’ predictive power regarding potential excessive skin dose that could cause toxicity in patients.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of lighting systems with: sodium vapor lamp, LED (Light-emitting Diode) lamp and intelligent LED lamp (remotely controlled) covering aspects of luminous efficiency, energy efficiency and power quality is presented.
Abstract: In recent years, the public lighting systems in Brazil received investments to expand people's access to this service and increase their quality. With the implementation of smart cities projects, roads lighting technology has also become intelligent. This paper presents a comparison of lighting systems with: sodium vapor lamp, LED (Light-emitting Diode) lamp and intelligent LED lamp (remotely controlled) covering aspects of luminous efficiency, energy efficiency and power quality. All tests were performed in an accredited laboratory in Brazil and the results serve to drive new implementations in this area of study.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a design procedure that optimizes the three principle functions of a brushless DC motor, i.e., weight, average torque and cogging torque of a 3phase, 6 slot BLDC motor with 4 surface mounted permanent magnet.
Abstract: This paper describes a design procedure that optimizes the three principle functions of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The weight, average torque and cogging torque of a 3phase, 6 slot BLDC motor with 4 surface mounted permanent magnet has been optimized by MOGA and DE. The upper and lower limits of the motor geometries are cast into the role of optimization in DE but MOGA is bounded to no constraints as far as it doesn’t conflict. Finally the paper suggests a group of geometries from MOGA that each of them has been dominated in one or some of the objective functions and compared them to DE and other references.
TL;DR: A new approach proves to solve major problems using a heuristic meta - which is called algorithm of beater (BA) - to achieve the objective of maximizing reliability of the electric current with the minimal cost.
Abstract: Optimization techniques tend towards new methods, these methods are based on the nature of the impact thereof on the lifestyle of human beings, engineers working on new optimization approaches to achieve the objective of maximizing reliability of the electric current and with the minimal cost which means that our structure of network must answer this requirement, a new approach proves to solve major problems using a heuristic meta - which is called algorithm of beater (BA).
TL;DR: In this paper, incompatible sets of states are used in this paper for this purpose and a simple technique is presented to generate all maximal incompatible (compatible) sets from compatible (incompatible) pairs of states.
Abstract: Simplification of Incompletely Specified Sequential Machines
Most undergraduate books and research literature describe methods based on compatible sets to reduce the number of states of an incompletely specified synchronous/asynchronous sequential machine. Deviating from this, incompatible sets of states are used in this paper for this purpose. A simple technique is presented to generate all maximal incompatible (compatible) sets from compatible (incompatible) pairs of states. Generation of maximal incompatible sets has some advantages. 1) The largest set tells us about the number of states of the smallest machine. We can therefore know how “good” is the minimal machine. 2) We can know whether minimization is necessary or not. It is then minimized using an improved concept of minimality. Symbols of the states of the minimal machine are assigned to states in incompatible sets such that no two incompatible states get the same symbol. This approach gives a minimal machine compared to some methods for synchronous machines which try several possibilities. An example is given to show that a conventional minimal machine can be nonminimal with respect to the minimality introduced here. The improved minimality tends to give the smallest machine.
TL;DR: The main objective of this work is to develop a highly parameterized model of the electric cars autonomy compatible to optimization algorithms that is highly compatible with optimization approaches.
Abstract: The main objective of this work is to develop a highly parameterized model of the electric cars autonomy compatible to optimization algorithms. Control models are not recommended because they require a significant simulation time, which makes their integrations to optimization approaches unprofitable. In addition, these models need the change of the regulators parameters at each iteration. In this context, the present paper describes an average mathematical modelling approach of the electric cars autonomy with reduced simulation time. This approach offers the advantage of a significant reduction in simulation time of the autonomy model in relation to autonomy model based on control models. In conclusion, the average model of the autonomy validated by comparison to a control model is highly compatible with optimization approaches.
TL;DR: Integrated nanoelectronic devices on flexible hybrid substrates can offer more enhanced functionality than can silicon-based devices for advanced wearable technology, but the long-term performance of these new materials is still relatively unknown or misunderstood, which delays their implementation in the consumer electronics market.
Abstract: Technology has contributed significantly to enhance the well-being of society, and innovation in nanotechnology is at the crux of changing industry throughout the world. To fuel the increasing demand for functionality from mobile devices to the “Internet of Things (IoT)” integrated electronics on flexible hybrid substrates is well recognized as a realistic solution. After a decade of intense searching for alternatives to enable the continuous improvement of speed and power consumption, it was found that a viable option was the integration of a few atomic layers or atomic-layer-thin materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanowires, graphene and other atomic-layerthin materials (MoS2, BN, etc.), which have been perfected for other niche applications such as sensors and nanoelectronic devices [1,2]. Integrated nanoelectronic devices on flexible hybrid substrates can offer more enhanced functionality than can silicon-based devices for advanced wearable technology. However, the long-term performance of these new materials is still relatively unknown or misunderstood, which delays their implementation in the consumer electronics market. Therefore, it is critical to understand atomic level fundamentals [3,4]. In addition, integration of nanomaterials is vital for developing highperformance sustainable materials for the flexible hybrid electronics industry and to verify the interaction between the optimization and the short and long-term characteristics of nanodevices [5].
TL;DR: The simulated results can without doubt prove the importance of the projected control technique of aircraft shunt APF.
Abstract: Constant Instantaneous Power Control Technique for extracting reference currents for shunt APF (active power filters) have been modified using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic control and their performances have been compared. The acute analysis of different comparisons of the compensation capability supported total harmonic distortion and speed is going to be done, and suggestions are going to be given for the selection of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and that they can without doubt prove the importance of the projected control technique of aircraft shunt APF.