Showing papers in "Journal of Helminthology in 1970"
122 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of infection was higher in larger than in smaller periwinkles except in infections with an unidentified species, named Cercaria A , where the incidence declined sharply in L. littorea above 25 mm shell length.
Abstract: 1. 8515 specimens of the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L.), from four localities on the North Yorkshire coast were examined for larval Digenea during 1966 and 1907. Four species were found, namely Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825), Himasthla leptosoma (Creplin, 1829), Cercaria lebouri Stunkard, 1932 and Cercaria A, the incidence of infection with which correlated with the presence of sea bird and wader final hosts.2. 5878 of all L. littorea examined were from one locality of relatively high incidence of infection where there were seasonal changes in incidence, being greatest during the autumn and early winter and least during the summer. The incidence of infection was higher in larger than in smaller periwinkles except in infections with an unidentified species, named Cercaria A, where the incidence declined sharply in L. littorea above 25 mm shell length. The ecology of the infections is discussed.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the rate at which female Trichinella spiralis produce their offspring and proposed a method of studying this important factor in the host-parasite relationship, which is unsuitable for dealing with the large number of animals that would be needed for a thorough study of this aspect of the infection.
Abstract: It has not been easy to study the rate at which female Trichinella spiralis produce their offspring. Phillipson and Kershaw (1961) described a method of repeatedly grinding and washing infected muscle to collect immature larvae so that one could determine the number of larvae born by the time the animal was killed but their method is unsuitable for dealing with the large number of animals that would be needed for a thorough study of this aspect of the infection. We have sought a method of studying this important factor in the host-parasite relationship.
46 citations
TL;DR: A rapid technique for the assessment of a larval population on herbage is presented in this article, where factors influencing the reliability of this technique and the problems encountered whilst trying to estimate efficiency of recovery rate are discussed.
Abstract: A rapid technique for the assessment of a larval population on herbage is presented. Factors influencing the reliability of this technique and the problems encountered whilst trying to estimate efficiency of recovery rate are discussed.
43 citations
TL;DR: In the pericardium of the snail Isidorella brazieri, each cyst is surrounded by a nucleated, syncytial host capsule containing granules which are presumed to be melanin this article.
Abstract: 1. Metacercarial cysts of Echinoparyphium serratum occur in the pericardium of the snail Isidorella brazieri. Each cyst is surrounded by a nucleated, syncytial host capsule containing granules which are presumed to be melanin. The cyst wall consists of two layers and both contain acid and neutral mucopolysaccharide but little or no protein. No modification of the cyst wall coincident with the point of emergence of the metacercaria has been located.2. Excystment of the metacercaria takes place in two main stages when pepsin is omitted from the initial pretreatment solution: stage I (emergence from the cyst wall through the escape aperture) is an active process (exogenous enzymes are not necessary), and a high percentage of specimens reaching this stage is dependent on the combined effects of a þH of 2, reducing conditions, elevated temperature (37–39°C) and sodium cholate. Temperature and sodium cholate are absolute requirements for this stage as is pretreatment of between þH 2 and 4 when sodium cholate is included with the reductant (sodium dithionite) rather than in the excystment medium with trypsin. The possibility that CO2 is involved has not been established.
31 citations
28 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: Macrogyrodactylus polypteri Malmberg, 1957* is a viviparous monogenean found on the skin and fins of the African freshwater fish Polypterus senegalus Cuvier.
Abstract: Macrogyrodactylus polypteri Malmberg, 1957* is a viviparous monogenean found on the skin and fins of the African freshwater fish Polypterus senegalus Cuvier. It was first reported by Malmberg (1957) from Gambia. Khalil (1964, 19G9) and Amirthalingam (19C5) recorded it on the same host species and Saoud & Mageed (1969) found it on P. bichir in the Sudan. Prudhoe (1957) described a new genus and species, Neogyrodactylus congolensis, on the skin of Clarias lazera from the Congo but Yamaguti (1963) considered this genus to be a synonym of Macrogyrodactylus. A third species, M. clarii Gussev, 1961 was reported on Clarias sp. from south Ethiopia and Ghana. On the basis of one specimen M. latest Paperna, 1969 was reported on Lates nilotica from Ghana. So far the species of the genus are confined to African freshwater fishes.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first appearance of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942 is recorded for the first time on rice in Mali and Upper Volta, the morphology is discussed and the description of the species emended.
Abstract: Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942 is recorded for the first time on rice in Mali and Upper Volta, the morphology is discussed and the description of the species emended. Boehmeria nivea Gaud. (Ramie) is reported as a new host for A. besseyi. A. siddiqii n.sp. is described from Foeniculum vulgare Mill, in Sudan. A key is given to the species of Aphelenchoides with a star tipped tail.
23 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: 808 cunners, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) were obtained from eight sampling stations around the Newfoundland coast, during the periods August-September, 19G7 and July-October, 1908, and 22 species of parasites were recovered, 19 of which are new host records.
Abstract: 808 cunners, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) were obtained from eight sampling stations around the Newfoundland coast, during the periods August-September, 19G7 and July-October, 1908. The fish were examined for metazoan parasites using conventional parasitological techniques. 22 species of parasites (10 trematode; 5 cestode; 6 nematode; 1 acanthocephalan) were recovered. This number excludes metacercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825). 19 are new host records. Details of infections with the various species are given, each species being discussed and/or described individually. No leeches were found on this host despite the fact that it lives in. close proximity to other fish species that are heavily infested and an experiment performed to determine if leeches would move from one host species to another gave negative results.
TL;DR: Hellerakis gallinarum recovered from chickens, and apparently having lived exclusively or predominantly in chickens for several years, thrived better in chickens than in turkeys, when several hundred embryonated eggs were given in a single feeding.
Abstract: 1. Helerakis gallinarum recovered from chickens, and apparently having lived exclusively or predominantly in chickens for several years, thrived better in chickens than in turkeys, when several hundred embryonated eggs were given in a single feeding. 2. Use of a smaller inoculum reduced the difference in the worm's performance in its traditional host and the new host species. 3. Performance in both species of host was the same following the feeding of small numbers of eggs from worms grown 1 generation in turkeys.
TL;DR: This collection represents 3 different species of nematodes from various hosts, one of which is new to science and is named after Mr. Petre to whom the writer is most grateful.
Abstract: Mr. T Petre of the Volta Basin Research Project of the University of Ghana kindly entrusted the writer with some nematodes collected from the freshwater fishes of Ghana. As far as can be found from published literature there is no previous record of nematodes from the freshwater fishes of Ghana. In fact, the helminth parasites of the freshwater fishes of this country are inadequately known and only monogeneans, digenetic trematodes and a single acanthocephalan have so far been reported. This collection represents 3 different species of nematodes from various hosts, one of which is new to science and is named after Mr. Petre to whom I am most grateful
TL;DR: Investigations in which lambs were given either 1,000 or 5,000 3rd stage infected larvae of T. axei at 2, G, or 10 weeks age and were subsequently challenged with 200,000 larvae showed immunity acquired following primary infection was manifest by a reduction in the numbers and size of the worms developing after challenge infection.
Abstract: Investigations are described in which lambs were given either 1,000 or 5,000 3rd stage infected larvae of T. axei at 2, G, or 10 weeks age and were subsequently challenged with 200,000 3rd stage larvae at either 5 or 7 months of age. The immunity acquired following primary infection was manifest by a reduction in the numbers and size of the worms developing after challenge infection.
TL;DR: A new nematode, Oryctonema genitalis gen. et sp.
Abstract: A new nematode, Oryctonema genitalis gen. et sp. nov., which possesses features of both the Rhabditidae and Angiostomatidae, is described from the genital system of the dynastid beetle, Oryctes monoceros O1. in West Africa. Multiplication of O. genitalis occurs in the bursa copulatrix of female beetles and the nematodes sustain themselves for long periods in the numerous aedaegal ducts of the male beetle. The possible influence of these nematodes on host viability is discussed.
TL;DR: The variations in the oxygen uptake, reduced weight, metabolic rate and the number of contained, fully formed, healthy, autolysed or dead metacercariae, recorded during starvation in sea water, in vitro suggest that first mainly stored carbohydrates, then mainly lipids and, in the final stages of starvation, mainly proteins are broken down and metabolised, by the sporocysts of Microphallus pygmaeus.
Abstract: The variations in the oxygen uptake, reduced weight, metabolic rate and the number of contained, fully formed, healthy, autolysed or dead metacercariae, recorded during starvation in sea water, in vitro , suggest that first mainly stored carbohydrates, then mainly lipids and, in the final stages of starvation, mainly proteins are broken down and metabolised, by the sporocysts of Microphallus pygmaeus .
TL;DR: Small numbers of the nematode species: Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Apteragia quadrispiculata, Nematodirus filicollis, Capillaria bovis, Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum venulosum were recovered from the gastro-intestinal tracts of wild Fallow deer killed in Essex.
Abstract: Small numbers of the nematode species: Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Apteragia quadrispiculata, Nematodirus filicollis, Capillaria bovis, Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum venulosum , were recovered from the gastro-intestinal tracts of wild Fallow deer killed in Essex. In addition, the larval cyst of the cestode Taenia hydatigena was found in the liver of one animal.
TL;DR: A new species of the genus Euparadistomum is described from the gall bladder of the domestic cat on Gemo Island, Papua and a revised key to the genus is provided.
Abstract: A new species of the genus Euparadistomum is described from the gall bladder of the domestic cat on Gemo Island, Papua. The incidence of the parasite is extremely low in the Port Moresby area, being recorded from only 1·6% of cats examined. E. pearsoni is the second species recovered from the domestic cat. A revised key to the genus is provided.
TL;DR: Echinochasmus is represented in Indian carnivores by three species: E. perfoliatns, E. corvus (Syn. E. caninum) and E.Canai .
Abstract: Chand ler (1925) described Echinochasmus perfoliatns as a common parasite of Indian dogs in Calcutta. Bhalerao (1936) reported its occurrence in cats of Calcutta and Mukteswar and Patnaik (1959) in dogs of Orissa. Maplestone and Bhaduri (1940) reported Echinochasmus sp. from dogs in Calcutta. Gupta and Pand e (19G3) mentioned that Echinochasmus is represented in Indian carnivores by three species: E. perfoliatns, E. corvus (Syn. E. caninum) and E. canai .