Showing papers in "Journal of Leisure Research in 1972"
TL;DR: Definitions of leisure have been both exclusive and inclusive as discussed by the authors, and different definitions have been used by various students of leisure, the nature of the differences has not always been clear.
Abstract: Definitions of leisure have been both exclusive and inclusive. Although different definitions have been used by various students of leisure, the nature of the differences has not always been clear....
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on two specific outdoor activities: hunting and fishing, and examine the relation of some early-life experiences to current level of adult participation in these sports.
Abstract: IntroductionA central- endeavor of social research is the analysis of determinants of anc constraints on behavior patterns. One of the more salient features of social life about which much has been written, and little resolved, has been that of participation. To this end a considerable amount of research has been directed Studies have undertaken the task of determining conditions of joining and not joining, participation and nonparticipation, the scope of activities in whict individuals take part, and the scale of participation (Axelrod, 1956; Hage dorn and Labovitz, 1967; Harry, 1970; Tomeh, 1967). In part, this interest has been a result of changes occurring in society, especially those changes leading to increased leisure time. Changes in income, amount and scheduling of work, and increased urbanization have generated an interest in the potential increase in demand for recreation facilities and a concern for effective use of free time (Clawson and Knetsch, 1963; Neumeyer, 1958; Shafer, 1968; Wippler, 1970).Prior research on leisure participation has exhibited several trends. First, there has been little differentiation with regard to types of participation. Populations were studied with respect to participation in general, and descriptive breakdowns were provided to show who participated in which activities. Second, there has been a considerable amount of research treating personal and social characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, stage of life cycle, income, residence, and education as determinants of participation (Jordan, 1963; Shafer, 1965; Spaulding, 1970). As Smith (1966: 249) has indicated, though, approaching participation by way of social and personal characteristics represent progress but is an "inadequate and unsatisfactory stopping point." And, third, present and past situational determinants of recreation participation have been largely ignored.1In this paper our research focuses on two specific outdoor activities: hunting and fishing. The concern is not with establishing the fact of participation but with examining the relation of some early-life experiences to current level of adult participation in these sports.Theoretical FrameworkOur theoretical focus is guided by the social scientist's recognition that much of what occurs in adult life stems from participation in social forms and institutions during childhood and from the transmission of values and attitudes of parents and other groups in which individuals are members (Broom and Selznick, 1970: 84). The internalization of these early experiences has been termed socialization. Socializing experiences, or conditions of previous experience, are felt to be important to recreation because they are factors in an individual's background which may predispose him toward certain future action. The suggestion here is that, as in other areas of daily life, early orientations toward sports may persist into adult life, influencing both the types of recreation one chooses to participate in and the extent of his participation. For our sample of hunters and fishermen, we operationalize the above socializing influences in terms of three childhood antecedents: residence during youth, source of introduction to sports, and frequency of participation during youth.2By way of elaboration on the above influences, one might argue that hunting and fishing are rural sports into which youths are introduced at an early age and are participated in more frequently by rural youth. With the increased urbanization that has occurred over the past few decades and the accompanying migration from rural to urban areas, hunting and fishing may diminish in importance and in the future lose some of their appeal to urban youth, if the effect of rural background during youth is, in fact, important to adult participation (Hendee, 1969; Copp, 1964). Similarly, being introduced to hunting and fishing by one's parents may be important for participation during youth as well as for participation later in life. …
87 citations
TL;DR: The urban population of Weber County, Utah, was sampled to determine its outdoor recreation use of an adjacent National Forest Recreation Area and to relate this use to socioeconomic characteristic as discussed by the authors, and the urban population in Weber County was found to be more likely to visit the National Forest.
Abstract: The urban population of Weber County, Utah, was sampled to determine its outdoor recreation use of an adjacent National Forest Recreation Area and to relate this use to socioeconomic characteristic...
64 citations
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49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classified the study of outdoor recreation according to the social aggregate level, social-psychological level, and the types of social organization, and classified different perspectives for outdoor recreation.
Abstract: Methodological perspectives for the study of outdoor recreation are classified according to (1) the social aggregate level, (2) the social-psychological level, (3) the types of social organization,...
49 citations
41 citations
41 citations
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the environment may be more closely related to the functions or satisfactions derived from the activities man selects in his leisure, rather than to the function or satisfaction itself.
Abstract: Recreation may be thought of in terms of the environments as well as the activities man selects in his leisure. The environment may be more closely related to the functions or satisfactions derived...
34 citations
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed analytica for skiers' behavior in California during the 1963-64 season, and found that skiers spent $35.1 million in the pursuit of this activity in California alone.
Abstract: Skiing is an important and rapid growth recreation industry. During the 1963–64 season, skiers spent $35.1 million in the pursuit of this activity in California alone. This paper develops analytica...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined winter and spring public recreational programs sponsored by the Parks and Recreation Department, City of Laramie, were examined with respect to the occupational level of participants.
Abstract: Winter and spring public recreational programs sponsored by the Parks and Recreation Department, City of Laramie, were examined with respect to the occupational level of participants. Occupational ...
TL;DR: The authors measured the degree to which people are able to predict their future daily behaviors using a time-budget methodology, using a sample of 49 males who were both married and currently employed.
Abstract: The study measures the degree to which people are able to predict their future daily behaviors. Using a time-budget methodology a sample of 49 males who were both married and currently employed wer...
TL;DR: A LICENSE-PLATE O/D study was conducted at 160 sites in 42 major recreational areas in KENTUCKY as discussed by the authors, where the authors found that per-capita DISTRIBUTED FLows WERE FLOUND to decrease at a DECREASING RATE with increasing population, increase at an increasing rate with increasing at-tactiveness of the type of RECREATION FACILITY, and decrease at increasing distance from the origin to the origin.
Abstract: DURING THE SUMMER OF 1970 A LICENSE-PLATE O/D STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AT 160 SITES IN 42 MAJOR RECREATION AREAS IN KENTUCKY. MODELLING CONCENTRATED ON THE SIMULATION OF DISTRIBUTED TRAVEL FLOWS FROM EACH OF 190 ORIGIN ZONES IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES TO EACH OF THE 42 AREAS. THE PRIMARY INDEPENDENT VARIABLES EMPLOYED WERE POPULATION OF THE ORIGIN ZONE, ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE RECREATION AREA, AND SPATIAL SEPARATION OF THE ZONES AND AREAS. THE CROSS-CLASSIFICATION MODEL WAS FOUND TO BE AN ACCEPTABLE MEANS FOR SIMULATING AND PREDICTING OUTDOOR RECREATION TRAVEL FLOWS AND WAS DECIDEDLY SUPERIOR TO ANY OF THE SINGLE-EQUATION MODELS EVALUATED. WITH THIS MODEL PER-CAPITA DISTRIBUTED FLOWS WERE FLOUND TO DECREASE AT A DECREASING RATE WITH INCREASING POPULATION, INCREASE AT AN INCREASING RATE WITH INCREASING ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE TYPE OF RECREATION FACILITY, AND DECREASE AT A DECREASING RATE WITH INCREASING DISTANCE.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine some of the planning problems faced by managers of individual state parks and show that the management of public resources for outdoor recreation is a problem of staggering proportions.
Abstract: The management of public resources for outdoor recreation is a problem of staggering proportions. This article examines some of the planning problems faced by managers of individual state parks and...
TL;DR: A Bibliography of literature dealing with the General Concept of Time, Time-related Data Analysis, and Time-Budget Studies with an Emphasis on Leisure is presented in this paper.
Abstract: (1972). A Bibliography of Literature Dealing with the General Concept of Time, Time-related Data Analysis, and Time-Budget Studies—with an Emphasis on Leisure. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 232-244.
TL;DR: In this article, the cognitive dissonance model was used as an approach to the investigation of post-purchase satisfaction levels among owners of a major leisure product, i.e., campers.
Abstract: In the research reported here, the cognitive dissonance model was used as an approach to the investigation of post-purchase satisfaction levels among owners of a major leisure product—campers. Resp...
TL;DR: In this paper, factor analyses of 19 recreational activities in resident summer camps in Alabama and Florida revealed groupings that were related to the type of camp and emphasized riflery, campcraft, and ar...
Abstract: Factor analyses of 19 recreational activities in resident summer camps in Alabama and Florida revealed groupings that were related to the type of camp. Scout camps emphasized riflery, campcraft, ar...
TL;DR: In this article, Socio Economic Patterns of Outdoor Recreation Use Near Urban Areas (SOCRUS) is studied. But the authors focus on the use of outdoor recreational activities in urban areas.
Abstract: (1972). Socio Economic Patterns of Outdoor Recreation Use Near Urban Areas — A Comment. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 218-219.