Showing papers in "Journal of Natural History in 1975"
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an investigation into Blowfly succession on corpses is presented, based on a blowfly succession in the Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calliphora).
Abstract: (1975). An investigation into Blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) succession on corpses. Journal of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 581-588.
89 citations
TL;DR: The South American spider Scoloderus sp.
Abstract: Summary The South American spider Scoloderus sp. spins a remarkably elongated ‘ladder’ orb web similar to that of an as yet unidentified New Guinean spider except that it is inverted 180°, with the long part above rather than below the hub. The two webs differ in a number of details, some of which may represent alternate solutions to the special problems associated with extremely long radii. Various details of the web building behaviour of Scoloderus sp. differ from the behaviour of species of Araneus and Zygiella. Immature Scoloderus build less elongate webs which are more similar to the standard araneid orb web. Eustala (?) sp. spins a web similar in many respects to that of the New Guinean spider, except that it is much less elongated, and thus forms an intermediate between typical orb webs and ‘ladder’ webs.
64 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of catch-tentacles or Fangtentakeln in the sea anemone Haliplanella luciae is reported for the first time, and some aspects of their anatomy and behaviour are noted.
Abstract: Summary The occurrence of catch-tentacles or Fangtentakeln in the sea anemone Haliplanella luciae is reported for the first time, and some aspects of their anatomy and behaviour are noted. Provision is made for this discovery in the diagnoses of the family Haliplanellidae and the genus Haliplanella. The species of acontiarian anemones at present known to possess catch-tentacles are listed. The cnidom and the function (probably aggressive) of catch-tentacles are discussed. Comparisons are drawn between the catch-tentacles of acontiarian anemones and the acrorhagi of endomyarian anemones and some evolutionary aspects are considered.
63 citations
TL;DR: Differences in infectivity, growth rates, maturation times, egg production and tissue deposition of eggs in the different strains of S. bovis are recorded.
Abstract: Summary Some biological characteristics of Schistosoma bovis Morocco, Sardinia and Iran in hamsters are described and discussed. Differences in infectivity, growth rates, maturation times, egg production and tissue deposition of eggs in the different strains are recorded. The egg shape and size of S. bovis Morocco, Sardinia, Iran, Kenya and S. mattheei are compared, as are the acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase and glucose 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. The compatibility/incompatibility of the same four strains of S. bovis to various members of the five species complexes of the genus Bulinus are recorded.
57 citations
TL;DR: A total of twenty-four species of sedentary polychaetes are reported from the Gulf of California, Mexico, with most of the records from Puerto Penasco, Sonora, in the northern Sea of Cortez.
Abstract: Summary A total of twenty-four species of sedentary polychaetes are reported from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Most of the records are from Puerto Penasco, Sonora, in the northern Sea of Cortez. The descriptions of six new species are given. The family Chaetopteridae is reviewed.
46 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the total list of species with the known fauna of the River Sokoto in Nigeria gave a higher index of similarity than any of the inter-lake comparisons in the Suia Missu, indicating the existence of an association that might be widespread in tropical riverine meander-lake systems.
Abstract: Summary Samples from five meander lakes in the valley of the Rio Suia Missu and from the Rio das Mortes at Xavantina, contained a total of 43 species of testate rhizopods, including a new genus with a complex multiporate mouth. Only one of the species is restricted to S. America in its known distribution. Analysis of the associations in the samples revealed that they were inadequate for inter-lake comparisons, and that the samples were representative of more restricted habitats. A comparison of the total list of species with the known fauna of the River Sokoto in Nigeria gave a higher index of similarity than any of the inter-lake comparisons in the Suia Missu. This is taken as an indication of the existence of an association that might be widespread in tropical riverine meander-lake systems.
45 citations
TL;DR: A rare brackish-water sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, 1935, is redescribed, and some differences between previous descriptions are reconciled, in particular the cnidom measurements and variations in pigmentation.
Abstract: Summary A rare brackish-water sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, 1935, is redescribed. Some differences between previous descriptions are reconciled, in particular the cnidom measurements and variations in pigmentation. Relations with other members of the genus are discussed. The nominal species N. pellucida Crowell, 1946, is regarded as conspecific with N. vectensis. The morphology of the adherent rugae (used in burrowing and climbing), the morphology of a larval stage, the origin of the nematosomes (characteristic of the genus) and some notably malformed specimens of N. vectensis are all described for the first time. Specimens up to twice the maximum size of those previously described are recorded.
33 citations
TL;DR: A total of thirty-seven species of errant polychaetes are reported from the Gulf of California, Mexico, with six new species described and illustrated.
Abstract: Summary A total of thirty-seven species of errant polychaetes are reported from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Six new species are described and illustrated.
27 citations
TL;DR: The majority of individuals of Taxomyia taxi develop in two years and these induce the formation of artichoke galls on yew Taxus baccata in their second year, and the rate of development of the first instar differs in the two life cycles.
Abstract: Summary 1. The majority of individuals of Taxomyia taxi develop in two years and these induce the formation of artichoke galls on yew Taxus baccata in their second year. A small number (usually <10%) mature in one year and inhabit galls which never develop further than swollen buds. The life cycle rarely (<2%) takes longer than two years. 2. Eggs are laid in early June, they hatch in one to three weeks and galls are formed in dormant buds which would produce the following year's leaf shoots. There are three larval instars between late June and mid-April of the following year (one-year life cycle) and mid-April of the next year (two-year life cycle); the pupal stage lasts six weeks and adults emerge in late May and early June. 3. The rate of development of the first instar differs in the two life cycles: about fourteen months in two-year and two months in one-year galls. After instar I, development is identical. 4. Larval weight increases most rapidly during instar II, just after eruption of the meristem i...
23 citations
TL;DR: Seven micronized fluorescent dusts were tested for their effect on viability of D. simulans males and for their persistence in time and some combinations of dusts produced fluorescences which were distinctively different from any produced by single dusts.
Abstract: Summary Seven micronized fluorescent dusts were tested for their effect on viability of D. simulans males and for their persistence in time. No single dust, nor any tested combination of dusts, lowered viability significantly. Except for one, all single dusts were still easily detectable after 28 days. Some combinations of dusts produced fluorescences which were distinctively different from any produced by single dusts.
TL;DR: Finding that another ancient Angiosperm group is primarily pollinated by beetles, lends further support to the idea that such insects were the primary pollinators of the proto and early Angiosperms.
Abstract: Summary The primary mode of pollination in the species of Hibbertia studies is cantharophily, and this is reflected in the primary means of vector attraction; pollen (other ancient attractions present in the genus are pollen odour, and perhaps food bearing staminodia (Van der Pijl, 1961)). Pollen collecting bees may now form a secondary vector group. Finding that another ancient Angiosperm group is primarily pollinated by beetles, lends further support to the idea that such insects were the primary pollinators of the proto and early Angiosperms.
TL;DR: In this article, the life history and general biology of Naiadacarus arboricola Fashing, a mite inhabiting water-filled treeholes, are described.
Abstract: (1975). Life history and general biology of Naiadacarus arboricola Fashing, a mite inhabiting water-filled treeholes (Acarina: Acaridae) Journal of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 413-424.
TL;DR: Differences between neanides and adults are pointed out and the longevity and sex-ratio of adults are also discussed, resulting in longer periods of development of both eggs and neanide.
Abstract: Summary The preoviposition and oviposition periods of R. detipes are described and discussed. The egg is described and its hatching process portrayed. The descriptions of the five instars of the neanides and their development are also given. Lower room temperature resulted in longer periods of development of both eggs and neanides. Differences between neanides and adults are pointed out and the longevity and sex-ratio of adults are also discussed.
TL;DR: Nine species belonging to eight genera have been described as new to science in a study of the ostracod fauna in Madurai Area in Southern India.
Abstract: Summary A study of the ostracod fauna has been carried out in Madurai Area in Southern India. Nine species belonging to eight genera have been described as new to science. Comparisons have been made with related temperate and tropical ostracods and the relationships have been discussed.
TL;DR: It was concluded that T. taeniola fulfilled, in regard to behaviour and feeding habits, all requirements for mechanical disease transmission under natural conditions.
Abstract: Summary The behaviour and feeding habits of T. biguttatus, T. fraternus, T. taeniola. T. gratus and H. decora were studied in the vicinity of a resting cattle herd. The observations could be substantiated by experiments with flies on restrained animals and an examination of 11 189 Tabanidae in regard to presence and size of fresh blood meals. By relating these findings to the principles of mechanical transmission, the small Tabanidae T. gratus and H. decora did not show the expected behaviour of potential vectors. Of the large species, T. biguttatus and T. fraternus did not qualify on the basis of their feeding habits. It was concluded that T. taeniola fulfilled, in regard to behaviour and feeding habits, all requirements for mechanical disease transmission under natural conditions.
TL;DR: One new genus and eight new species are described, and detailed illustrations of insufficiently known species are supplied.
Abstract: Summary The present paper is based on material collected in different parts of Turkey. One new genus and eight new species are described, and I am supplying detailed illustrations of insufficiently known species.
TL;DR: In this article, the density estimates of Drosophila in Southern England have been studied, and the authors propose a method to estimate the density of the animals in the UK.
Abstract: (1975). Density estimates of Drosophila in Southern England. Journal of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 315-320.
TL;DR: Spring and autumn moults produce summer and winter coats geared to the seasons, and the winter guard hairs are much wider than summer guard hairs because the medullary spaces are larger.
Abstract: Summary Seasonal changes of coat in the roe buck (Capreolus capreolus) have been studied in field animals throughout the year. Spring and autumn moults produce summer and winter coats geared to the seasons. The winter guard hairs are much wider than summer guard hairs because the medullary spaces are larger. This results in a close packing of the winter hairs and the air contained within them acts as an efficient insulator.
TL;DR: A new species of Dolichomiris Reuter from India and another from South Africa are described, while costicollis Berg is excluded, bringing the total number of species in the genus to seven.
Abstract: Summary A new species of Dolichomiris Reuter from India and another from South Africa are described, while costicollis Berg is excluded, bringing the total number of species in the genus to seven. All species are figured and keyed. D. linearis Reuter is recorded from Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia and the New Hebrides. Lectotypes are designated where necessary. A revised key to the genera of Stenodemini is presented.
TL;DR: All the species remaining in Megaloceroea Fieber are removed from that genus, except the type species, and three new species form a distinct, but related new genus from the Australian region.
Abstract: Summary Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy) is recorded from New Zealand. M. reuteriana White and three new species, one from New Zealand, Tasmania and Australia, one from New Guinea, and one from Norfolk Island and Raoul Island, form a distinct, but related new genus from the Australian region. A key to these species is provided. Megaloceroea doddi Distant is transferred to Trigonotylus and M. antennata Distant to Dolichomiris, whilst Acomocera gen. nov. is described to contain M. elongata Distant. Thus all the species remaining in Megaloceroea Fieber are removed from that genus, except the type species. Trigonotylus dohertyi Distant is synonymized with doddi Distant, which is recorded from New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Raoul Island. Lectotypes are designated where necessary.
TL;DR: The northern form of P. nouveli differs from the Mediterranean form sufficiently to be placed in a separate subspecies and the distribution of the four species and subspecies of Processa known to occur in northern Europe is reviewed.
Abstract: Summary The name Processa canaliculata Leach has been applied to a species other than that to which the holotype belongs. The species P. canaliculata Nouvel & Holthuis non Leach has no valid name; it is re-named P. nouveli, with type material from Monaco. P. nouveli and P. canaliculata have been considered to be conspecific by one recent author. New characters for their separation are described from Irish Sea material. The northern form of P. nouveli differs from the Mediterranean form sufficiently to be placed in a separate subspecies. The name P. nouveli holthuisi is proposed for it, with type material from the Irish Sea. The distribution of the four species and subspecies of Processa known to occur in northern Europe is reviewed.
TL;DR: A new sea-anemone from a brackish lagoon in Sussex, Edwardsia ivelli, sp. nov. as mentioned in this paper, was described in the journal of Natural History: Vol 9, No. 6, pp. 705-711.
Abstract: (1975). A new sea-anemone from a brackish lagoon in Sussex, Edwardsia ivelli, sp. nov. Journal of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 705-711.
TL;DR: Inglis' (1969) division of the genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886, is discussed, and his genera Parapinnanema and Austranema are synonymised, as are Graphonema and Protochromadora, in each case the first name being preferred.
Abstract: Summary Inglis' (1969) division of the genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886, is discussed. His genera Parapinnanema and Austranema are synonymised, as are Graphonema and Protochromadora, in each case the first name being preferred. The characters of value in separating this group of genera are discussed. Two new species, Graphonema northumbriae and Parapinnanema harveyi are described.
TL;DR: Within each form there was no significant correlation between larval head length and adult wing length and only one of the many additional characters examined, differed between th...
Abstract: Summary This paper describes the findings from two series of observations on variation in C. austropalpalis L. and R. In Series I the distribution of head capsule lengths of 174 larvae, collected from 11 breeding sites in S.E. Queensland, was polymodal. Polymodality was also shown by the wing lengths of 15♂, 27♀ reared from 7 of the sites. In Series II the head lengths of 302 larvae from 5 sites (one not in Series I) gave the same polymodality, interpreted as representing 3rd and 4th instars of two forms A (smaller) and B (larger). 276 of these larvae, grouped on head length, were reared on agar and small nematodes, producing 62♂, 70♀ C. austropalpalis and 13♂, 5♀ C. narrabeenensis. The latter was not the cause of the polymodality. Adult wing lengths were bimodal in each sex. Form B was longer winged than form A. Within each form there was no significant correlation between larval head length and adult wing length. Only one of the many additional characters (19 in ♀; 22 in ♂) examined, differed between th...
TL;DR: Four species of Lithobiidae are recorded from Majorca for the first time and are also fully described, and the fourth, Lithobius clarki, is a new species.
Abstract: Summary Four species of Lithobiidae are recorded from Majorca for the first time and are also fully described. Three of these have been previously recorded from Minorca (Demange, 1961) and the fourth, Lithobius clarki, is a new species. The known distribution of all the species and subspecies which have hitherto been found in the Balearic Islands is summarised in the table.