Showing papers in "Journal of Solid Mechanics in 2016"

Thermo-Mechanical Vibration Analysis of FG Circular and Annular Nanoplate Based on the Visco-Pasternak Foundation

Abstract: In this study, the vibration behavior of functional graded (FG) circular and annular nanoplate embedded in a Visco-Pasternak foundation and coupled with temperature change is studied. The effect of in-plane pre-load and temperature change are investigated on the vibration frequencies of FG circular and annular nanoplate. To obtain the vibration frequencies of the FG circular and annular nanoplate, two different size dependent theories are utilized. The material properties of the FGM nanoplates are assumed to vary in the thickness direction and are estimated through the Mori–Tanaka homogenization technique. The FG circular and annular nanoplate is coupled by an enclosing viscoelastic medium which is simulated as a Visco- Pasternak foundation. By using the modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) and the modified couple stress theory (MCST), the governing equation is derived for FG circular and annular nanoplate. The differential quadrature method (DQM) and the Galerkin method (GM) are utilized to solve the governing equation to obtain the frequency vibration of FG circular and annular nanoplate. The results are subsequently compared with valid result reported in the literature. The effects of the size dependent, the in-plane pre-load, the temperature change, the power index parameter, the elastic medium and the boundary conditions on the natural frequencies are investigated. The results show that the size dependent parameter has an increasing effect on the vibration response of circular and annular nanoplate. The temperature change also play an important role in the mechanical behavior of the FG circular and annular nanoplate. The present analysis results can be used for the design of the next generation of nanodevices that make use of the thermal vibration properties of the nanoplate

Generalized differential quadrature method for vibration analysis of cantilever trapezoidal fg thick plate

Abstract: This paper presents a numerical solution for vibration analysis of a cantilever trapezoidal thick plate. The material of the plate is considered to be graded through the thickness from a metal surface to a ceramic one according to a power law function. Kinetic and strain energies are derived based on the Reissner-Mindlin theory for thick plates and using Hamilton's principle, the governing equations and boundary conditions are derived in the Cartesian coordinates. A transformation of coordinates is used to convert the equations and boundary conditions from the original coordinate into a new computational coordinates. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is selected as a strong method and natural frequencies and corresponding modes are derived. The accuracy and convergence of the proposed solution are confirmed using results presented by other authors. Finally, the effect of the power law index, angles and thickness of the plate on the natural frequencies are investigated. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Finite Difference Method for Biaxial and Uniaxial Buckling of Rectangular Silver Nanoplates Resting on Elastic Foundations in Thermal Environments Based on Surface Stress and Nonlocal Elasticity Theories

Abstract: In this article, surface stress and nonlocal effects on the biaxial and uniaxial buckling of rectangular silver nanoplates embedded in elastic media are investigated using finite difference method (FDM). The uniform temperature change is utilized to study thermal effect. The surface energy effects are taken into account using the Gurtin-Murdoch’s theory. Using the principle of virtual work, the governing equations considering small scale for both nanoplate bulk and surface are derived. The influence of important parameters including, the Winkler and shear elastic moduli, boundary conditions, in-plane biaxial and uniaxial loads, and width-to-length aspect ratio, on the surface stress effects are also studied. The finite difference method, uniaxial buckling, nonlocal effect for both nanoplate bulk and surface, silver material properties, and below-mentioned results are the novelty of this investigation. Results show that the effects of surface elastic modulus on the uniaxial buckling are more noticeable than that of biaxial buckling, but the influences of surface residual stress on the biaxial buckling are more pronounced than that of uniaxial buckling.

Thermomechanical Interactions Due to Hall Current in Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic with and Without Energy Dissipation with Two Temperatures and Rotation

Abstract: The present paper is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in a homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic rotating medium with two temperatures, in the presence of the combined effects of Hall currents and magnetic field due to thermomechanical sources. The formulation is applied to the thermoelasticity theories developed by Green-Naghdi Theories of Type-II and Type-III. Laplace and Fourier transform technique is applied to solve the problem. As an application, the bounding surface is subjected to concentrated and distributed sources (mechanical and thermal sources). The analytical expressions of displacement, stress components, temperature change and current density components are obtained in the transformed domain. Numerical inversion technique has been applied to obtain the results in the physical domain. Numerical simulated results are depicted graphically to show a comparison of effect of Hall current on the two theories GN-II and GN-III on resulting quantities. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation.

Bending Analysis of Composite Sandwich Plates with Laminated Face Sheets: New Finite Element Formulation

Abstract: The bending behavior of composites sandwich plates with multi-layered laminated face sheets has been investigated, using a new four-nodded rectangular finite element formulation based on a layer-wise theory. Both, first order and higher-order shear deformation; theories are used in order to model the face sheets and the core, respectively. Unlike any other layer-wise theory, the number of degrees of freedom in this present model is independent of the number of layers. The compatibility conditions as well as the displacement continuity at the interface ‘face sheets–core’ are satisfied. In the proposed model, the three translation components are common for the all sandwich layers, and are located at the mid-plane of the sandwich plate. The obtained results show that the developed model is able to give accurate transverse shear stresses directly from the constitutive equations. Moreover, a parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of certain characteristic parameters (core thickness to total thickness ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, boundary conditions, plate aspect ratio, core-to-face sheet anisotropy ratio, core shear modulus to the flexural modulus ratio and degree of orthotropy of the face sheet) on the transverse displacement variation. The numerical results obtained by our model are compared favorably with those obtained via analytical solution and numerical/experimental, results obtained by other models. The results obtained from this investigation will be useful for a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of sandwich laminates. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Free Vibration Analysis of Microtubules as Orthotropic Elastic Shells Using Stress and Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory

Abstract: In this paper, vibration of the protein microtubule, one of the most important intracellular elements serving as one of the common components among nanotechnology, biotechnology and mechanics, is investigated using stress and strain gradient elasticity theory and orthotropic elastic shells model. Microtubules in the cell are influenced by internal and external stimulation and play a part in conveying protein substances and taking medications to the intended targets. Therefore, in order to control the biological cell functions, it is important to know the vibrational behavior of microtubules. For this purpose, using the cylindrical shell model which fully corresponds to microtubule geometry, and by considering it as orthotropic which is closer to reality, based on gradient elasticity theory, frequency analysis of the protein microtubule is carried out by considering Love’s thin shell theory and Navier solution. Also, the effect of size parameter and other variables on the results are investigated. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Dynamic response of an axially moving viscoelastic timoshenko beam

Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic response of an axially moving viscoelastic beam with simple supports is calculated analytically based on Timoshenko theory. The beam material property is separated to shear and bulk effects. It is assumed that the beam is incompressible in bulk and viscoelastic in shear, which obeys the standard linear model with the material time derivative. The axial speed is characterized by a simple harmonic variation about a constant mean speed. The method of multiple scales with the solvability condition is applied to dimensionless form of governing equations in modal analysis and principal parametric resonance. By a parametric study, the effects of velocity, geometry and­ ­viscoelastic­ parameters are investigated on the response.

Lateral Vibrations of Single-Layered Graphene Sheets Using Doublet Mechanics

Abstract: This paper investigates the lateral vibration of single-layered graphene sheets based on a new theory called doublet mechanics with a length scale parameter. After a brief reviewing of doublet mechanics fundamentals, a sixth order partial differential equation that governs the lateral vibration of single-layered graphene sheets is derived. Using doublet mechanics, the relation between natural frequency and length scale parameter is obtained in the lateral mode of vibration for single-layered graphene. It is shown that length scale parameter plays a significant role in the lateral vibration behavior of single-layered graphene sheets. Such effect decreases the natural frequency compared to the predictions of the classical continuum mechanics models. However with increasing the length of the plate, the effect of scale parameter on the natural frequency decreases. For validating the results of this method, the results obtained herein are compared with the existing nonlocal and molecular dynamics results and good agreement with the latter is observed.

Seismic Analysis of Rectangular Concrete Tanks by Considering Fluid and Tank Interaction

Abstract: Many liquid storage tanks around the world have affected by earthquakes. This structure can store dangerous chemical liquids. Hence dynamic behavior of ground supported rectangular storage tanks is very important due to their applications in industrial facilities. In current research, the seismic behavior of two water storage rectangular concrete tanks is examined. For this purpose, these tanks are modeled in FEM software for analyzing. These tanks are analyzed under four type of analysis: static, modal, response-spectrum and time-history analysis. Time history analysis can take all the nonlinear factors into the analysis, so it is used to estimate the exact amount of structural response. In time history analysis, earthquake accelerograms of Tabas, Kobe and Cape Mendocino have been applied to tanks. Finally, it is resulted that Displacement, base shear and wave height obtained from time history analysis are more than those of response spectrum analysis, indicating insufficiency of response spectrum analysis. In time history analysis, the maximum displacement is achieved in highest part of the tanks. It is due to the wave height which created in earthquake. By increasing in dimension, the wave height is also increased.

Vibration analysis of orthotropic triangular nanoplates using nonlocal elasticity theory and galerkin method

Abstract: In this article, classical plate theory (CPT) is reformulated using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen to develop an equivalent continuum model for orthotropic triangular nanoplates. The equations of motion are derived and the Galerkin’s approach in conjunction with the area coordinates is used as a basis for the solution. Nonlocal theories are employed to bring out the effect of the small scale on natural frequencies of nano scaled plates. Effect of nonlocal parameter, lengths of the nanoplate, aspect ratio, mode number, material properties, boundary condition and in-plane loads on the natural frequencies are investigated. It is shown that the natural frequencies depend highly on the non-locality of the nanoplate, especially at the very small dimensions, higher mode numbers and stiffer edge condition.

Free vibration of sandwich panels with smart magneto-rheological layers and flexible cores

Abstract: This is the first study on the free vibrational behavior of sandwich panels with flexible core in the presence of smart sheets of oil which is capable of the excitation of magnetic field. In order to model the core, the improved high order theory of sandwich sheets was used by a polynomial with unknown coefficients first degree shear theory was used for the sheets. The derived equations based on Hamilton principle with simple support boundary condition for upper and lower sheets were solved using Navier technique. Accuracy and precision of the theory were investigated by comparing the results of this study with those of analytical and numerical works. In the conclusion section, effect of the intensity of magnetic field and other physical parameters including ratio of sheet's length to width, ratio of sheet's length to thickness, ratio of core thickness to sheet's overall thickness, and ratio of oil layer thickness to sheet's overall thickness on natural frequency was investigated. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Nonlocal Bending Analysis of Bilayer Annular/Circular Nano Plates Based on First Order Shear Deformation Theory

Abstract: In this paper, nonlinear bending analysis of bilayer orthotropic annular/circular graphene sheets is studied based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The equilibrium equations are derived in terms of generalized displacements and rotations considering the first-order Shear deformation theory (FSDT). The nonlinear governing equations are solved using the differential quadrature method (DQM) which is a highly accurate numerical method and a new semi-analytical polynomial method (SAPM). The ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) are converted to the nonlinear algebraic equations applying DQM or SAPM. Then, the Newton–Raphson iterative scheme is applied. The obtained results of DQM and SAPM are compared. It is concluded that although, the SAPM’s formulation is considerably simple in comparison with DQM, however, the results of two methods are so close to each other. The results are validated with available researches. The effects of small scale parameter, the value of van der Waals interaction between the layers, different values of elastic foundation and loading, the comparison between the local and nonlocal deflections and linear to nonlinear analysis are investigated. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

An investigation into resonant frequency of triangular v-shaped cantilever piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

Abstract: Power supply is a bottle-neck problem of wireless micro-sensors, especially where the replacement of batteries is impossible or inconvenient. Now piezoelectric material is being used to harvest vibration energy for self-powered sensors. However, the geometry of a piezoelectric cantilever beam will greatly affect its vibration energy harvesting ability. This paper deduces a remarkably precise analytical formula for calculating the fundamental resonant frequency of V-shaped cantilevers using Rayleigh-Ritz method. This analytical formula, which is very convenient for mechanical energy harvester design based on Piezoelectric effect, is then validated by ABAQUS simulation. This formula raises a new perspective that, among all the V-shaped cantilevers and in comparison with rectangular one, the simplest tapered cantilever can lead to maximum resonant frequency and highest sensitivity.

Free vibration analysis of continuously graded fiber reinforced truncated conical shell via third-order shear deformation theory

Abstract: This paper deals with free vibration analysis of continuously graded fiber reinforced (CGFR) truncated conical shell based on third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT), by developing special power-law distributions. The orthotropic (CGFR) truncated conical shell are clamped and simply supported at the both ends. It is assumed to have a smooth variation of fibers volume fraction in the thickness direction. Symmetric and classic volume fraction profiles are examined. The appropriate displacement functions which identically satisfy the axisymmertic conditions are used to simplify the motion equations to a set of coupled ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients, which can be solved by generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), to obtain the natural frequencies. The fast rate of convergence of the method is observed. To validate the results, comparisons are made with the available solutions for isotropic and CGM isotropic truncated conical shells. The effect of various geometrical parameters on the vibrational behavior of the CGFR truncated conical shell is investigated. This literature mainly contributes to illustrate the impact of the power-law distributions on the vibrarional behavior of orthotropic continuous grading truncated conical shell. This paper is also supposed to present useful results for continuouly graded fibers volume fraction in the thickness direction of a truncated conical shell and comparison with similar discrete laminated composite one.

Effects of Gravitational and Hydrostatic Initial Stress on a Two-Temperature Fiber-Reinforced Thermoelastic Medium for Three-Phase-Lag

Abstract: The three-phase-lag model and Green–Naghdi theory without energy dissipation are employed to study the deformation of a two-temperature fiber-reinforced medium with an internal heat source that is moving with a constant speed under a hydrostatic initial stress and the gravity field. The modulus of the elasticity is given as a linear function of the reference temperature. The exact expressions for the displacement components, force stresses, thermal temperature and conductive temperature are obtained by using normal mode analysis. The variations of the considered variables with the horizontal distance are illustrated graphically. A comparison is made with the results of the two theories for two different values of a hydrostatic initial stress. Comparisons are also made with the results of the two theories in the absence and presence of the gravity field as well as the linear temperature coefficient.

Ductile Failure and Safety Optimization of Gas Pipeline

Abstract: Safety and failure in gas pipelines are very important in gas and petroleum industry. For this reason, it is important to study the effect of different parameters in order to reach the maximum safety in design and application. In this paper, a three dimensional finite element analysis is carried out to study the effect of crack length, crack depth, crack position, internal pressure and pipe thickness on failure mode and safety of API X65 gas pipe. Four levels are considered for each parameter and finite element simulations are carried out by using design of experiments (DOE). Then, multi-objective Taguchi method is conducted in order to minimize x and y coordinates of Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD). So, desired levels that minimize the coordinates and rises the possibility of safety are derived for each parameter. The variation in FAD coordinates according to the changes in each parameter are also found. Finally, comparisons between the optimum design and all other experiments and simulations have shown a good safety situation. It is also concluded that the more design parameters close to optimum levels, the better safety condition will occur in FAD. A verification study is performed on the safety of longitudinal semi-elliptical crack and the results has shown a good agreement between numerical and experimental results.

Non-Local Thermo-Elastic Buckling Analysis of Multi-Layer Annular/Circular Nano-Plates Based on First and Third Order Shear Deformation Theories Using DQ Method

Abstract: In present study, thermo-elastic buckling analysis of multi-layer orthotropic annular/circular graphene sheets is investigated based on Eringen’s theory. The moderately thick and also thick nano-plates are considered. Using the non-local first and third order shear deformation theories, the governing equations are derived. The van der Waals interaction between the layers is simulated for multi-layer sheets. The stability governing equations are obtained according to the adjacent equilibrium estate method. The constitutive equations are solved by applying the differential quadrature method (DQM). Applying the differential quadrature method, the ordinary differential equations are transformed to algebraic equations. Then, the critical temperature is obtained. Since there is not any research in thermo-elastic buckling analysis of multi-layer graphene sheets, the results are validated with available single layer articles. The effects of non-local parameter, the values of van der Waals interaction between the layers, third to first order shear deformation theory analyses, non-local to local analyses, different values of Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundation and analysis of bi-layer and triple layer sheets are investigated. It is concluded that the critical temperature increases and tends to a constant value along the rise of van der Waals interaction between the layers.

Coupled Vibration of Partially Fluid-Filled Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells

Abstract: In this study, the free vibration of partially fluid-filled laminated composite circular cylindrical shell with arbitrary boundary conditions has been investigated by using Rayleigh-Ritz method. The analysis has been carried out with strain-displacement relations based on Love’s thin shell theory and the contained fluid is assumed irrotational, incompressible and inviscid. After determining the kinetic and potential energies of fluid filled laminated composite shell, the eigenvalue problem has been obtained by means of Rayleigh-Ritz method. To demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the results, comparison has been made with the results of similar works for the empty and partially fluid-filled shells. Finally, an extensive parameter study on a typical composite tank is accomplished and some conclusions are drawn.

Longitudinal-Torsional and Two Plane Transverse Vibrations of a Composite Timoshenko Rotor

Abstract: In this paper, two kinds of vibrations are considered for a composite Timoshenko rotor: longitudinal-torsional vibration and two plane transverse one. The kinetic and potential energies and virtual work due to the gyroscopic effects are calculated and the set of six governing equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton principle. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used as a strong numerical method and natural frequencies and mode shapes are derived. Effects of the rotating speed and the lamination angle on the natural frequencies are studied for various boundary conditions; meanwhile, critical speeds of the rotor are determined. Two kinds of critical speeds are considered for the rotor: the resonance speed, which happens as rotor rotates near one of the natural frequencies, and the instability speed, which occurs as value of the first natural frequency decreases to zero and rotor becomes instable. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Steady Thermal Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc of Finitesimal Deformation with Mechanical Load

Abstract: Seth’s transition theory is applied to the problems of thickness variation parameter in a thin rotating disc by finite deformation. Neither the yield criterion nor the associated flow rule is assumed here. The results obtained here are applicable to compressible materials. If the additional condition of incompressibility is imposed, then the expression for stresses corresponds to those arising from Tresca yield condition. It has observed that for rotating disc made of compressible material required higher angular speed to yield at the internal surface as compare to disc made of incompressible material and a much higher angular speed is required to yield with the increase in radii ratio. With the introduction of thermal effects, lesser angular speed is required to yield at the internal surface. Thermal effect in the disc increase the value of circumferential stress at the internal surface and radial stresses at the external surface for compressible as compare to incompressible material.

Nonlocal vibration of y-swcnt conveying fluid considering a general nonlocal elastic medium

Abstract: In this paper, a nonlocal foundation model is proposed to analyze the vibration and instability of a Y-shaped single-walled carbon nanotube (Y-SWCNT) conveying fluid. In order to achieve more accurate results, fourth order beam theory is utilized to obtain strain-displacement relations. For the first time, a nonlocal model is presented based on nonlocal elasticity and the effects of nonlocal forces from adjacent and non-adjacent elements on deflection are considered. The Eringen’s theory is utilized due to its capability to consider the size effect. Based on Hamilton’s principle, motion equations as well as boundary conditions are derived and solved by means of hybrid analyticalnumerical method. It is believed that the presented general foundation model offers an exact and effective new approach to investigate vibration characteristics of this kind of structures embedded in an elastic medium. The results of this investigation may provide a useful reference in controlling systems in nano-scale. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Modal Testing and Finite Element Analysis of Crack Effects on Turbine Blades

Abstract: The study of vibration response of a turbine blade helps to detect the crack presence in the blade which alters its dynamic characteristics. The change is characterized by changes in the modal parameters associated with natural frequencies. In this paper, study of vibration response is made for turbine blade in the presence of a crack like defect. Turbine blade is initially assumed as a cantilever beam. Modal testing has been carried out for both the beams with different crack depth and crack location ratios using FFT spectrum analyzer and ANSYS software. From the analysis, it has been observed that the crack depth and its location have noticeable effect on the natural frequencies. Later the same cantilever beam was twisted with different angle of twists to validate the cantilever beam model to turbine blade. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Numerical and Experimental Study of Buckling of Rectangular Steel Plates with a Cutout

Abstract: Steel plates are used in various structures, such as the structures of the deck and body of ships, bridges, and aerospace industry. In this study, we investigate the buckling and post-buckling behavior of rectangular steel plates having circular cutouts with two boundary conditions: first, clamped supports at upper and lower ends and free supports at other edges; second, clamped supports at upper and lower ends and simply supports at other edges, using finite element method (by ABAQUS software) and experimental tests(by an INSTRON servo hydraulic machine). In this research, in addition to the aspect ratio, the effect of changing the location of the cutout on the buckling analysis is investigated. The results of both numerical and experimental analyses are compared and showing a very good agreement between them. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers with Fixed Monopile Platform Using the Transfer Matrix Method

Abstract: In this paper, an analytical method for vibrations analysis of offshore wind turbine towers with fixed monopile platform is presented. For this purpose, various and the most general models including CS, DS and AF models are used for modeling of wind turbine foundation and axial force is modeled as a variable force as well. The required equations for determination of wind turbine tower response excited by the Morrison force are derived based on Airy wave theory. The transfer matrix is derived for each element of the tower using Euler-Bernoulli’s beam differential equation and the global transfer matrix is obtained considering boundary conditions of the tower and constructing the point matrix. The effective wave force is intended in several case studies and Persian Gulf Environmental conditions are examined for the installation of wind farms. Finally, the obtained results by the transfer matrix method are compared with the results of the finite elements method and experimental data which show good agreement in spite of low computational cost.

A Simple Finite Element Procedure for Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Cracked Beam-Like Structures

Abstract: In this study, a novel and very simple finite element procedure is presented for free vibration and buckling analysis of slim beam-like structures damaged by edge cracks. A cracked region of a beam is modeled using a very short element with reduced second moment of area (I). For computing reduced I in a cracked region, the elementary theory of bending of beams and local flexibility approach are used. The method is able to model cracked beam-columns by using ordinary beam elements. Therefore, it is possible to solve these problems with much less computational costs compared to 2D and 3D standard FE models. Numerical examples are offered to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the presented method. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Semi-Analytical Solution for Free Vibration Analysis of Thick Laminated Curved Panels with Power-Law Distribution FG Layers and Finite Length Via Two-Dimensional GDQ Method

Abstract: This paper deals with free vibration analysis of thick Laminated curved panels with finite length, based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory. Because of using two-dimensional generalized differential quadrature method, the present approach makes possible vibration analysis of cylindrical panels with two opposite axial edges simply supported and arbitrary boundary conditions including Free, Simply supported and Clamped at the curved edges. The material properties vary continuously through the layers thickness according to a three-parameter power-low distribution. It is assumed that the inner surfaces of the FG sheets are metal rich while the outer surfaces of the layers can be metal rich, ceramic rich or made of a mixture of two constituents. The benefit of using the considered power-law distribution is to illustrate and present useful results arising from symmetric and asymmetric profiles. The effects of geometrical and material parameters together with the boundary conditions on the frequency parameters of the laminated FG panels are investigated. The obtained results show that the outer FGM Layers have significant effects on the vibration behavior of cylindrical panels. This study serves as a benchmark for assessing the validity of numerical methods or two-dimensional theories used to analysis of laminated curved panels.

The Effect of Elastic Foundations on the Buckling Behavior of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Plates in Thermal Environments Using a Meshfree Method

Abstract: The buckling behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations under in-plane loads for various temperatures is investigated using element-free Galerkin (EFG) method based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The modified shear correction factor is used based on energy equivalence principle. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are embedded in polymer matrix and distributed in four types of arrangements. The temperature-dependent material properties of an FG-CNTRC plate are assumed to be graded along the thickness direction of the plate and estimated through a micromechanical model based on the extended rule of mixture. Full transformation approach is employed to enforce essential boundary conditions. The modified shear correction factor is utilized based on energy equivalence principle involving the actual non-uniform shear stress distribution through the thickness of the FGCNTRC plate. The accuracy and convergency of the EFG method is established by comparing the obtained results with available literature. Moreover, the effects of elastic foundation parameters are investigated for various boundary conditions, temperatures, plate width-to-thickness and aspect ratios, and CNT distributions and volume fractions. Detailed parametric studies demonstrate that the elastic foundation parameters, CNT distributions along the thickness direction of the plate and the temperature change have noticeable effects on buckling behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) plates.

Dynamic analysis of multi-directional functionally graded panels and comparative modeling by ann

Abstract: In this paper dynamic analysis of multi-directional functionally graded panel is studied using a semi-analytical numerical method entitled the state-space based differential method (SSDQM) and comparative behavior modeling by artificial neural network (ANN) for different parameters. A semi-analytical approach which makes use the three-dimensional elastic theory and assuming the material properties having an exponent-law variation along the axial, radial direction or both directions, the frequency equations of free vibration of multi-directional functionally graded panels are derived. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the convergency and accuracy of the present method. Once the semi-analytical method is validated, an optimal ANN is selected, trained and tested by the obtained numerical results. In addition to the quantitative input parameters is considered as a qualitative input in NN modeling. The results of SSDQM and ANN are compared and the influence of longitude of the panel, material property graded index and circumferential wave number on the nondimensional natural frequency of functionally graded material (FGM) panels are investigated.

Analysis of the Fracture of a Turbine Blade

Abstract: The cause of crack initiation turbine blade had initially cracked by a fatigue mechanism over a period of time and then fractured by the overload at the last moment. Experimental procedure consists of macroscopic inspection, material verification, microscopic examination, and metallographic analysis and finally FE. And for these procedures, some specimens were prepared from a fractured blade. Using ICP and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, the chemical composition of the blade was carefully analyzed. The segregated area of Ti and Mo, caused generally by inappropriate manufacturing process, is found by the microstructure and EDX analysis of the blade. The fracture blade which installed on the third stage rotor of the turbojet was fractured at about 6 cm distance from the hub of proposed blade. The non-linear finite element method (FEM) was utilized in order to define the stress state of the disc or blade segment under operating conditions. High stress zones were found at the region of the lower fir-tree slot, where the failure occurred. A computation were also achieved with excessive rotational speed. The aim of this study is devoted to the mechanisms of damage of the turbine disc, and furthermore the critical high stress areas. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.

Application of the GTN Model in Ductile Fracture Prediction of 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy

Abstract: In this paper the capability of Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model in the prediction of ductile damage in 7075-T651 aluminum alloy is investigated. For this purpose, three types of specimens were tested: Standard tensile bars, Round notched bar (RNB) specimens and compact tension (C(T)) specimens. Standard tensile bar tests were used to obtain the mechanical properties of the material and to calibrate the independent parameters of GTN model. RNB and C(T) specimen test results were used for validation of the calibrated parameters. Finite element analyses were carried out using ABAQUS commercial software for two purposes; calibration of the GTN model parameters and validation of the model predictions. The comparison between the finite element analyses and the test results suggested that the GTN model is capable of damage prediction in notched specimens, but not a good in cracked specimens. Finally, To show the applicability of the model in industry-level problems, the model is used for damage predictions of internal pressure vessels made of 7075-t651 aluminum alloy. © 2016 IAU, Arak Branch.All rights reserved.