Showing papers in "Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture in 2011"
TL;DR: Turmeric extract seemed to be able to improve the digestion and metabolism resulted in enhanced production of hemoglobin in broilers, which might explain why turmeric could not improve thefeed efficiency of broiler.
Abstract: The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of turmeric extract on blood parameters,feed efficiency and abdominal fat content in broilers. A total of 100 mixed-sexes Lohman chicks wereused in the experiment set up with completely randomized design of 5 different doses of turmeric extractgiven orally start from day-15 to day-35. The chicks given no turmeric extract were used as a control(T0), whereas T1, T2, T3 and T4 were the chicks given turmeric extract of 200, 400, 600 and 800mg/kg-live BW, respectively. Hemoglobin values of broilers given turmeric extract 800 mg/kg-live BWwas significantly higher (p 0.05)the concentration of erythrocytes, the levels of hematocrit as well as FCR and abdominal fat content ofbroiler. Turmeric extract seemed to be able to improve the digestion and metabolism (of fat) resulted inenhanced production of hemoglobin in broilers. The hypolipidemic effect of turmeric that could hamperits potential to promote the growth of broilers per se might explain why turmeric could not improve thefeed efficiency of broiler.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was carried out to make a difference and to predict genetic distance some sheep thatare genetically related to each other based on the body size measurements of five sheep breeds; namely, Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC), Garut Local (GL), GC, Sumatra Composite (SC), and St Croix Cross (SCC).
Abstract: This research was carried out to make a difference and to predict genetic distance some sheep thatare genetically related to each other based on the body size measurements. Nineteen bodies size of 323sheeps of five sheep breeds; namely Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC), Garut Local (GL), GarutComposite (GC), Sumatra Composite (SC) and St. Croix Cross (SCC) were measured. Analysis ofvariance and canonical discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance, plotting canonical and dendogramwere performed using PROC GLM, PROC CANDISC, PROC CLUSTER and PROC TREE of SASsoftware ver. 9.0. Index Length, Width Slope, Depth Slope, Balance and Cumulative Index of GC sheepwere significantly higher than the four other breeds. Canonical discriminant analysis successfully coulddifferentiate among the five sheep breeds. All five breed were divided into two groups: the first groupconsisted of SCC, SC and BC; and the second group consisted of the GL and GC. The results of geneticdistance estimation showed that the SCC had a value of sheep genetic distance closest to SC (10.83) andBC (27.98), while GL had the closest distance to GC (66.60). The tail width, horn base circumference,horn length (canonical 1) and variable length of the tail and body length (canonical 2) were the breeddifferentiation variable in this study.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed factors influencing farmers' decision to increase cattle business scale through improved technology, and found that the number of family labor and expectation to increase income had asignificantly positive influence on the decision of farmers.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to analyze factors influencing farmers' decision to increasebeef cattle business scale through improved technology. The research was conducted by using a surveymethod. Five districts were purposively selected in three base areas and two non-base areas of beefcattle in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Twenty beef cattle groups were selected based on the largestcattle population managed and their performance, while 196 respondents were randomly selected.Farmers’ decision to increase beef cattle business scale was determined using a probit model. Result ofthe research indicated that the number of family labor and expectation to increase income had asignificantly positive influence on the farmers’ decision to increase beef cattle business scale. It meantthat if the total number of family labor increased, so did the farmers’ decision to increase the beef cattlebusiness scale. Also, if the expectation to revenue increased, so did the farmers’ decision to increase thebeef cattle business scale. On the contrary, education level and business risk had negative significantinfluence on the farmers’ decision to increase the beef cattle business scale with the significance levelsof 1.1 and 0.84, respectively.
22 citations
TL;DR: Simultaneous effect between ammonia andhumidity proved to be a good indicator for predicting model of olfactory metabolic, and %RNAreticulocytes specially for creatine kinase.
Abstract: Twenty sows housed indoors in individual stalls were used to determine the relationships betweenatmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate on olfactory metabolic and sows RNAreticulocyt, and toknow the prediction models of the olfactory metabolic and sows RNAreticulocyt by measurement ofatmospheric ammonia exposure and microclimate level. Result indicated a significantly negative effectof ammonia on commonly olfactory metabolic parameters and %RNAreticulocyt. The results also showedthat ammonia has been reduced the function of olfactory receptors and activities of Ca2+-gated chloridechannel open and efflux of Cl- to depolarize cell, as soon as reducing an electrical signal to the brain, sogives impact to blood metabolism (especially RNAreticulocyt). Simultaneous effect between ammonia andhumidity proved to be a good indicator for predicting model of olfactory metabolic, and %RNAreticulocytespecially for creatine kinase (=16.65+0.02H-0.59A), glucose (=21.55-0.10H-0.01A), lactate (=8,87-0.03H-0.20A), ATPase (=0.05+0.00H-0.02A), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (=13.19-0.19H+0.86A).
21 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that supplementation of herb significantly increased milk yield, milk protein, milk lactosa and significantly decreased mastitis status and did not significant affect milk fat.
Abstract: This experiment aimed to observe the effect of herbs (Black Cumin,Curcuma zeodharia,Curcumamangga, and Curcuma aeruginosa) supplementation on milk yield and milk quality (milk fat, milkprotein, milk lactosa and mastitis status) in lactating dairy cows suffering mastitis. Twenty cows in 2nd-4th lactation suspected mastitis subclinical (++) were used in the experiment. Completely randomizeddesign was used in this experiment with 5 treatments (A. Non Herb; B. Black Cumin; C. Curcumazeodharia; D. Curcuma mangga, and E. Curcuma aeruginosa) with four replicates per treatment. Thecollected data were analyzed by analysis of variance and difference between the treatment effects wastested by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that supplementation of herbssignificantly increased (P<0.01) milk yield, milk protein, milk lactosa and significantly decreasedmastitis status and did not significant affect milk fat.
19 citations
TL;DR: It could be concluded that waru leaf supplementation at 10% saponin level of feed was the optimum level which gave positive effect on rumen feed fermentation.
Abstract: The effect of waru leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) supplementation as saponin source on ruminalfermentation characteristics were studied using in vitro gas production techniques. Rumen fluid wastaken from fistulated Ongole crossbreed cattle. The treatments consisted of control treatments (Napiergrass with monensin and Napier grass without waru leaf (0% saponin level) and waru leafsupplementation treatments as much as 11, 22, 33, and 44 mg of feed (in dry matter basis) or equal to 5,10, 15, and 20% saponin level added to feed substrate of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Theresult showed that protozoa numbers and total gas production were significantly reduced (P<0.05) inline with the increasing of saponin level compared to 0% saponin level, while NH3, VFA concentrationand pH after 48 h fermentation were not affected by the treatment. VFA concentration increased by waruleaf up to 10% saponin level then decreased at level 15 and 20%. Ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P)and non glucogenic ratio (NGR) decreased at 5, 10, and 15% saponin level, but increased at level 20%.It could be concluded that waru leaf supplementation at 10% saponin level of feed was the optimumlevel which gave positive effect on rumen feed fermentation.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of feed supplements as antioxidant source on milk quality of dairy goats was investigated using randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates, the results of study showed that there were difference(p 0.05) on milk yield, milk fat, milk protein and milk antioxidant.
Abstract: Free radical levels can be higher than the level of endogenous antioxidants in the body so thatuncomfortable conditions in the body of dairy goats could happen. To anticipate this uncomfortableconditions will be given feed supplement (FS) as source of antioxidants (AOX). FS contain mixturepineapple rind meal and antioxidant minerals (AOXM) each 25 ppm Zn and 10 ppm Cu. Thisexperiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feed supplements as antioxidant source on milkquality of dairy goats. Sixteen Etawah dairy goats in the second lactation were used in the experimentthat conducted using randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments wereR0 (grass + concentrate), R1 (R0 + FS containing 0.04 % AOX), R2 (R0 + FS containing 0.06% AOX),R3 (R0 + FS containing 0.08 % AOX). The data collected were analyzed using Anova. The result ofphytochemicals analysis indicated that feed supplement contained flavonoid, polyphenols, sesqiuterpen,mopnoterpen, steroids, quinones and saponins. The results of study showed that there were difference(p 0.05) on milk yield, milk fat, milk protein and milk antioxidant. The conclusion of this study was thefeed supplements containing 0.08 AOX produced the best response to milk quality of dairy goats.
17 citations
TL;DR: Java and OC bulls raised intensively and fed concentrate and rice straw had the similar performance and the results showed that the ADG, DMI, CP and TDN intake, andFCR were not significantly different.
Abstract: This study was set up to evaluate the performance of Java and Ongole Crossbred (OC) bulls fedconcentrate and rice straw. A total of four Java bulls and four OC bulls were used in this experiment. Thebulls were fed concentrates (50% of the total dry matter feed requirement) and rice straw (ad libitum).The concentrates were consisted of rice bran, beer waste product, copra meal, minerals, with crudeprotein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 15.32% and 73.09%, respectively. Theaverage daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), protein and energy intake, and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were observed. The results of this study showed that the ADG, DMI, CP and TDN intake, andFCR were not significantly different (p> 0.05). The ADG of Java and OC bulls were 0.58 kg and 0.78kg, respectively. The averages of DMI, CP and TDN intake were 6.59 kg (2.09% of BW), 0.81 kg and4.34 kg for Java bulls whereas for OC bulls were 6.42 kg (2.11% of BW), 0.78 kg, and 4.20 kg,respectively. The FCR of Java bulls was 11.49 and those of OC bulls was 9.21. It can be concluded thatJava and OC bulls raised intensively and fed concentrate and rice straw had the similar performance.
17 citations
TL;DR: It might be concluded that an improvement in Balicattle reproductive traits is possible through improving management systems and utilisation of controlled breeding techniques.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of non genetic factors on reproductive performance ofBali cattle. Data on reproduction performance were collected from Breeding Centre of Bali Cattle inDenpasar-Bali. Reproductive traits studied were age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) andpregnancy rate (PR). To observe the effect of non genetic factors on the reproductive traits, a mixedmodel was used because all of the traits studied were measured repeatedly in individuals. The overallmeans for AFC, CI, PR and preweaning mortality were 43.86±0.70 months, 360.93±4.47 days,88.44±1.91% and 7.58±1.07%, respectively. The results showed that AFC and PR were significantly(P 0.05) effect. Withregard to CI, dam year of birth and parity affected CI while mating system had no significantly affect(P>0.05) on CI. The preweaning mortality was only affected by the age of dam significantly (P<0.01).The average of reproductive performance and preweaning mortality in Bali Cattle were not dependedremarkably on the mating system being practiced. It might be concluded that an improvement in Balicattle reproductive traits is possible through improving management systems and utilisation ofcontrolled breeding techniques.
16 citations
TL;DR: The result indicated that type of organic-Cr supplementation at 3 ppm in diet did not influence physiological condition, haematochemical and body weight at beef cattle transported for seven hours.
Abstract: Transportation over long distances resulted in stress at animal. Under these circumstances, animalusually manifest depression and the impact on physiological condition changes and loss of body weight.The objectives of the research were to examine effect supplementation of organic-Cr type into diets intransport-stress beef cattle on physiological condition, haematochemical (included were haematologicalcondition and blood chemical) and body weight changes. The experiment was conducted using 16 beefcattle those were transported by truck for a distance of 400 km from Malangbong to Tangerang. Theexperiment was arranged by Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications.The dietary treatments consisted of R0 (basal diet without Cr supplemented), R1 (R0+3ppm organic-Crresulted of alkali hydrolysis), R2 (R0+3 ppm organic-Cr resulted from bioprocess), R3 (R0+3 ppmorganic-Cr resulted from bioremediation). The result indicated that type of organic-Cr supplementationat 3 ppm in diet did not influence physiological condition, haematochemical and body weight at beefcattle transported for seven hours. There was indication that beef cattle fed on control diet (without Cr)showed a stress symptom, their loss of body weight were higher (5.41%) compared to beef given dietcontains organic-Cr (3.72%, 5.04% and 4.83%, respectively for R1, R2 and R3).
13 citations
TL;DR: Based on polymorphic informative content (PIC) value, it can be concluded that Alu-I locus of Balicattle from Bali and Lombok islands were monomorphic and polymorphic, respectively.
Abstract: The research was conducted to identify Alu-I locus of growth hormone (GH) gene in Bali cattle byusing 232 blood samples collected from Bali and Lombok islands. PCR-RFLP and sequencing methodswere used to detect the polymorphism and nucleotide sequence at Alu-I locus of GH gene. The resultshowed that Bali cattle from Bali island has one genotype (LL genotype), whereas Bali cattle originatingfrom Lombok island has two genotypes, namely LL and VV genotypes, respectively. The L and V allelefrequencies from Bali and Lombok islands were 1.00 and 0.00; 0.99 and 0.01, respectively. Thesequencing result of Bali cattle LL genotype showed an AGCT sequence of enzyme Alu-I restriction site.Based on polymorphic informative content (PIC) value, it can be concluded that Alu-I locus of Balicattle from Bali and Lombok islands were monomorphic and polymorphic, respectively.
TL;DR: Using adoption index, this research revealed that biosecurity adoption of layer smallholders in South Sulawesi was classified into a “partial adopter”.
Abstract: It was indicated that layer smallholders awareness of biosecurity was low. This paper aimed todetermine the level of adoption within the South Sulawesi layer smallholders of a range of standardbiosecurity measures. Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) regency was chosen as a location of the research,because it was famous as a central of layer smallholders. Total sample was 60 respondents. The samplewas chosen through random sampling from two districts which were the most populous of layersmallholders, namely Baranti and Maritengae. Data were collected using structured questionnaires anddepth-interview. The data were tabulated and analysed using a simple method of scoring with regard totheir biosecurity status. The status of biosecurity was used to know the level of biosecurity adoption.Biosecurity status was obtained based on the adoption of biosecurity measures which consisted of 9stages: farm inputs, traffic onto farms, distance from sources of pathogens to shed, exposure of farm,biosecurity at farm boundary, biosecurity between farm boundary and shed, biosecurity at the shed door,traffic into the shed and susceptibility of the flock. Using adoption index, this research revealed thatbiosecurity adoption of layer smallholders in South Sulawesi was classified into a “partial adopter”.
TL;DR: buffalo-cows in Kampar Regency can be served as early as 30 days post partum using combination of 3ml GnRH and 2.5 ml of PGF2α, and the result of study showed that there were no difference among treatments on the percentages of estrus, onset ofestrus, duration of estrous, and conception rate.
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of administration of GnRH and PGF2α ononset of estrus and conception rate in different postpartum swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Twentypostpartum (pp) buffalo-cows were divided into four groups of five buffaloes as follows: Group A (30day pp), Group B (45 dpp), Group C (60 dpp), and Group D (75 dpp). The buffaloes in each group wereinjected intramuscularly with 3 ml GnRH at day 0, followed by intramuscular injection of 2.5 ml PGF2α,10 ml) at day 7 after GnRH injection. Observation of estrus was performed 24 h after injection of PGF2α.Artificial insemination was performed 18 h after estrus signs clearly visible. The result of study showedthat there were no difference (p>0.05) among treatments on the percentages of estrus (100%), onset ofestrus (37.4 to 38.4 h), duration of estrus (16.8 to 18.2 h) and conception rate (100%). In conclusion,buffalo-cows in Kampar Regency can be served as early as 30 days post partum using combination of 3ml GnRH and 2.5 ml of PGF2α.
TL;DR: The absence of other allele A suggested that the Bali cattle was monomorphic, while Brahman, FH, Simmental and Limousine were polymorphic, and the higher incident of percentage of sperm abnormalities were found in Simmental, Limousin, Brahman compared to Bali and FH.
Abstract: The aim of study was to identify the association of FSH beta-subunit gene polymorphisms with sperm quality traits. A total of 470 samples of normal mature bull from several breeds were used for population study and 127 bulls from National and Regional AI centre of Indonesia for association study. To amplify, a PCR-RFLP method was used and digested with Pst1 restriction enzyme. The allele frequency of the A and B in Bali cattle were (0.000) and (1.000), respectively. The absence of other allele A suggested that the Bali cattle was monomorphic, while Brahman, FH, Simmental and Limousine were polymorphic. The highest observed heterozygosity were found in Limousine (0.318) and the highest expected heterozygosity were in Simmental (0.420). The higher incident of percentage of sperm abnormalities were found in Simmental, Limousin, Brahman compared to Bali and FH. Among all types of sperm abnormalities, the abaxial and microcephalus were found in highest number.
TL;DR: The heritability of reproductiontraits in Bali cattle were considered as moderate to high which means that the selection program will be more effective and efficient in improving the genetic merits in B Indonesia cattle.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic analysis including heritability and further phenotypicand genetic trends of reproductive traits in Bali cattle. Reproductive traits studied were age at firstcalving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and pregnancy rate (PR). Data of reproductive traits were collectedfrom Breeding Centre of Bali Cattle, Denpasar-Bali at the year period of 2000-2007. To evaluate thegenetic analysis, heritability were estimated using the Mixed Model Least Squares and MaximumLikelihood procedure. The phenotypic and genetic trends were calculated using regression equation.Estimation of heritability for AFC, CI and PR were 0.22, 0.41 and 0.40, respectively. The phenotypictrend of AFC, CI and PR decreased at an average rate of 1.70 month, 10.4 days and 0.75% per year,respectively. The same pattern was showed for genetic trends for AFC, CI and PR decreased at 0.38month, 4.25 days and 0.30% per year respectively in the same period. The heritability of reproductiontraits in Bali cattle were considered as moderate to high (0.22-0.41) which means that the selectionprogram will be more effective and efficient in improving the genetic merits in Bali cattle.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the use of inoculants consortium consisted of L. plantarum and S.cerevisiae with rice bran addition improved fermentability and reduced clostridial colony in king grasssilage.
Abstract: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of inoculants consortium consisted ofLactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and combined with rice bran additionon microbiological characteristic and fermentability of king grass (Pennisetum hybrid) silage. Effectivityof treatments was assessed by addition of inoculants (control, Lp, Lp+Sc) and level of rice bran (0, 5 and10%) which were arranged on Completely Randomized Design with Teatments Factors (3x3). Thevariables measured were total colonies of microbes (lactic acid bacteria, yeast and clostridia), total gasproduction, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia (NH3). Results showed that clostridial coloniescounted on silage treated by Lp and Lp+Sc around 37.5% and 68.7% in which lower than control.Addition of inoculants and rice bran increased fermentability of silage significantly (P 0.05) on production of VFA and NH3. Gas production from silagefermentable fraction with inoculation of Lp (49.5 ml) and Lp+Sc (47.9 ml) higher than untreated silage(46.6 ml). It was concluded that the use of inoculants consortium consisted of L. plantarum and S.cerevisiae with rice bran addition improved fermentability and reduced clostridial colony in king grasssilage.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of adding nitrogen supplements to a high isocaloric energy ration on N utilization in dairy goats and concluded that when sufficient dietary energy was available for ruminal microbial activities, the source of N did not affect N balance, and microbial N synthesis.
Abstract: Twelve growing female goats (Anglo-Nubian) were assigned to a multiple latin square designexperiment to evaluate the effectiveness of additions of nitrogen (N) supplements to a high isocaloricenergy ration on N utilization. In this experiment, microbial synthesis and N balance were assessed. Thedaily rations were either unsupplemented barley meal (BM), or BM supplemented with one of threenitrogen sources. All rations were isocaloric (3.0 Mcal ME/kg DM) and the N supplements weresoybean meal (BSBM), cottonseed meal (BCSM) or urea (BU) to provide 2.9% N in the concentratecomponent. The unsupplemented BM contained 1.7% N. The addition of N supplements to the rationenhanced N utilization in dairy goats. The organic matter (OM) intake, N intake, N balance, andmicrobial N synthesis for BM, BSBM, BCSM and BU were 660.5 g, 721.9 g, 728.1g and 703.5 g; 13.5g, 21.5 g, 20.9 g and 20.7 g; 2.7 g; 7.1 g, 5.4 g, and 5.7 g; and 14.1 g 19.1 g, 19.1 g, and 20.0 g,respectively. It can be concluded that when sufficient dietary energy was available for ruminal microbialactivities, the source of N did not affect N balance, and microbial N synthesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of marination, performed by soaking of beef ingarlic juice, on microbiological and physical properties, and concluded that marination of beef with garlic juice could reduce total bacteria, total coliform, and waterholding capacity, but could not reduce cooking loss.
Abstract: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of marination, performed by soaking of beef ingarlic juice, on microbiological and physical properties. The study was committed to a completelyrandomized design, with 5 treatments, i.e.: T0 (unmarinated beef, as a control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 thatbeef were marinated in garlic juice for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, respectively, at room temperature(25⁰C). Each treatment consisted of 4 replications. Examination upon experimental parameters wasconducted after marinated (and control) beef was stored for 8 hours at room temperature. Total bacteria,total coliform and water holding capacity of beef were significantly (P 0.05) by the treatments. Asa conclusion, marination of beef with garlic juice could reduce total bacteria, total coliform, and waterholding capacity, but could not reduce cooking loss.
TL;DR: Results showed that supplementation of vitamin-mineral at 0.2 - 0.4% in commercial feed did not increase the digestibility of dry matter, organicmatter, crude protein and crude fiber, except for dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, and supplementation increased concentrations of partial VFA and ammonia as well as for methane gas production.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of vitamin-mineral supplementation ondigestibility and rumen fermentation in Bali cattle. The randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4replications were used in the research. In this study was used 16 Bali cattle with body weight around295.31+23.07 kg. Rations used in the treatments were Treatment A (control): rice straw ad libitum pluscommercial feed; Treatment B: Treatment A ration plus 0.2% vitamin-mineral in commercial feed;Treatment C: Treatment A ration plus 0.3% vitamin-mineral in commercial feed, and Treatment D:Treatment A ration plus 0.4% vitamin-mineral in commercial feed. Parameters measured were nutrientdigestibility, rumen metabolites and urinary allantoin. The results showed that supplementation ofvitamin-mineral at 0.2 - 0.4% in commercial feed did not increase the digestibility of dry matter, organicmatter, crude protein and crude fiber, except for dry matter and organic matter digestibilities at 0.2%supplementation (p<0.05). However, the vitamin-mineral supplementation increased concentrations ofpartial VFA and ammonia as well as for methane gas production, except for VFA and ammonia at 0.4%level. Vitamin-mineral supplementation at 0.2-0.4% level did not affected pH value of rumen fluid andurinary allantoin.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the implementation of subsystem agribusiness on the beef cattle farming in Central Java and found that each subsystem had adequate potential score with Chi-square values of 0.693, 0.721 and TL 1=1.126.
Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the implementation of subsystem agribusiness on the beef cattlefarming in Central Java. Five districts (Rembang, Blora, Grobogan, Boyolali and Wonogiri) werepurposively chosen based on the value of Location Quotient (LQ). The study was conducted usingquota sampling method. Forty respondents of each district were chosen randomly using quota sampling.Data were analyzed through Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that each subsystemagribusiness had adequate potential score. The score of 0.693, 0.721, 0.684, 0.626, and 0.691 were givenfor up-stream subsystem, on-farm, down-stream subsystem, marketing and supporting institution,respectively. The results showed that the SEM model was feasible with Chi-Square value=0.952;RMSEA=0.000; Probability =0.621 and TL1=1.126. The significant results of Critical Ratio (CR) were:up-stream subsystem to the on-farm agribusiness; on-farm subsystem to down-stream agribusiness;down-stream subsystem to the farmer’s income; marketing subsystem to the up-stream agribusiness andSupporting Institution to the marketing subsystem and down-stream agribusiness. The conclusion ofresearch indicated that the implementation of beef cattle subsystem agribusiness had adequate index andgive positive effect to the beef cattle agribusiness.
TL;DR: There were differences in TNC between cultivars, however, the TNC content in Gkcultivar was not different with Gt cultivar, while Gm cultivar have the lowest (P<0.01) T NC content.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine Total Non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) of threecultivars of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) harvested at vegetative and reproductive phases. Thecultivars tested were Taiwan (Gt), King (Gk) and Mott (Gm) and arranged in a 3 x 2 of treatments withfour replicates following nested design. The results showed that the highest sugar content (P<0.01) wasfound in Gt cultivar and the lowest was in Gm cultivar. The highest starch content (P<0.01) was found inGk cultivar and the lowest was in Gt cultivar. TNC content of Gt and Gk cultivars were not significantlydifferent, but both were significantly higher (P<0.01) compared with the Gm cultivar. It can beconcluded, that there were differences in TNC between cultivars, however, the TNC content in Gkcultivar was not different with Gt cultivar, while Gm cultivar have the lowest (P<0.01) TNC content. Atreproductive phase all cultivars have higher (P<0.01) TNC and starch content than at vegetative phase
TL;DR: Both cattle breeds (Madura and OC cattle) have a similarefficiency to utilize the feeds in the rumen by comparing the proportion of Volatile Fatty Acid of thesetwo breeds which were raised under intensive feeding.
Abstract: Each four young bulls of Madura cattle and Ongole Crossbred (OC) cattle were used to study theefficiency of ruminal fermentation by comparing the proportion of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) of thesetwo breeds which were raised under intensive feeding. All the cattle were in about 1.5 years-old with anaverage body weight of 147.75 ± 14.57 kg and 167 ± 22.57 kg, for Madura and OC cattle, respectively.They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay, and concentrate feeding consists of pollard,soybean meal and rice bran for 10 weeks. Parameters measured were concentration of VFA at 0, 3 and 6h post-feeding and pH. The concentration of VFA in both Madura and OC cattle was peaked at 3 h postfeeding,being 136.1 mmol and 158.9 mmol, respectively, and then were decreased at 6 h post-feeding ata level of 58.1 and 98.2 mmol, respectively. The proportion of acetic acid in Madura and OC cattle were53.33% and 52.0% of total VFA, respectively, while the proportion of propionic acid and butyric acidwere 28.80% and 17.87% for Madura cattle, and 30.71% and 17.28% for OC cattle, respectively. Inaddition, the Acetic/Propionic ratios were 1.85 and 1.69 for Madura and OC cattle, respectively. RumenpH conditions of both cattle breeds tended to be basic, i.e. Madura cattle was ranged at 8.0-8.4, while thePO cattle was ranged at 7.6-8.4. In conclusion, both cattle breeds (Madura and OC cattle) have a similarefficiency to utilize the feeds in the rumen.
TL;DR: It was concluded that 10, 12 or 14% glycerol concentration can be used for Timor deer cryopreservation, with no differences on the sperm motility, viability as well as sperm acrosome intact.
Abstract: The aims of study was to compare the glycerol concentration in Tris glucose egg yolk (TGEY)diluents on the quality of deer frozen semen. Semen was collected from 5 Timor deer usingelectroejaculator. Immediately after collection the semen was evaluated macroscopic andmicroscopically. After initial evaluation, the semen was divided into three tubes and extended with Trisegg yolk with three different glycerol concentrations, which were 10% (TGEY10); 12% (TGEY12) and14% (TGEY14). The sperm motility, viability, acrosome intact and membrane intact were evaluated inraw semen, after equilibration and after thawing. The results showed that there were no differences(p>0.05) on the sperm motility, viability as well as sperm acrosome intact. Sperm membrane intact inTGEY10 (52.50±5.89%) and TGEY14 (51.50±4.12 %) were higher (p<0.05) than in TGEY12(49.00±6.58). It was concluded that 10, 12 or 14% glycerol concentration can be used for Timor deersemen cryopreservation.
TL;DR: Vitamin E supplementation up to 6 IU increased linearly egg fertility and hatchability of about 5-8%, and egg Hatchability of Kedu hens washigher than that of Cemani, except egg fertility.
Abstract: The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation in Kedu andCemani hens reraed in situ and given farmer-formulated diet on egg performances. A total of 120 femaleand 24 male birds were equally divided into two groups of Kedu and Cemani, with average body weightof 1890+216.79 and 1830+396.23 g, respectively. Basal ration was based on the diet formulated by thefarmer (R1) consisting of corn (30%), rice bran (50%), protein concentrate (15%), and premix (5%).Dietary treatments evaluated were R1 (without additional vitamin E), and the other three were theinclusion of DL α-tocopheryl acetate into the R1 diet up to 2 (R2), 4 (R3) and 6 IU (R4). The experimentwas arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments, and 2 different groups of hen (Kedu andCemani) were assigned as block. Parameters observed were feed consumption, hen day production, feedconversion ratio, egg quality, fertility, and hatchability. The result showed that vitamin Esupplementation did not affect whatever parameters, except egg fertility. Egg hatchability between Keduand Cemani hens was significantly different (p<0.05). Trend comparison test indicated significantlylinear (p<0.05) for fertility and hatchability. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation up to 6 IUincreased linearly egg fertility and hatchability of about 5-8%, and egg hatchability of Kedu hens washigher (11%) than that of Cemani.
TL;DR: Status of region in the first axis of PCA through which pigs were raised had negative correlation, including grower, household member and pig production, and status of region has underpinned profiles of pigs.
Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the profiles of pig farming systems. Participatory situationanalysis was employed to gain data relating to pig profiles in the urban and rural areas of Manokwari.Due to the interests of combining many correlated data, multivariate analysis using Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA) was performed. Cluster Analysis using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering wasapplied for analysis of merge samples based on similarity in components’ composition across sites.There were various twelve classes of pig profiles in Manokwari. In principal component of the first axiscorrelation of several components shows strong positive relation e.g. in piglets, sows, and total herd size.Status of region in the first axis of PCA (P1) through which pigs were raised had negative correlation,including grower, household member and pig production. In the second axis (P2), negative correlationswere shown in piglets, grower, boars, total herd size and the Pig Production Potential (PPP). Status ofregion has underpinned profiles of pigs. Several farmers were able to manage their farm continuity in asteady composition. Selling pigs was the main aim and few farmers play a role as pure breeder.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of fat-tailed rams fed complete feed-based oil palm fronds (OPF) was evaluated and the results showed that OPF significantly influenced nutrient consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency ratio(FER).
Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of fat-tailed rams fed complete feedbased oil palm fronds (OPF). This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD)with 5 treatments and 4 replications i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of OPF substituting fields grass incomplete feed for A, B, C, D and E treatments, respectively. Twenty fat-tailed rams were fed twice at08.00 and 14.00 with pellet of complete feed for 4 months. The result of this experiment showed thatOPF significantly influenced nutrient consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency ratio(FER). Oil palm fronds significantly affected (P<0.05) fat-tailed rams’s dry matter intake (DMI), organicmatter intake (OMI), crude protein intake (CPI), ADG and FER. The highest DMI, OMI, CPI, ADG, andFER of fat-tailed rams was in C treatment and significantly different from the others. It was concludedthat C treatment was the best treatment which can give the best fat-tailed rams performance. The OPFcan be used to replace the field grass as feed up to 75% proportion in complete feed and could increasethe performance and productivity of fat-tailed rams.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the use of FOPF in a complete feed could improve performance and meat quality of goat.
Abstract: The aims of study were to evaluate the use of fermented of oil palm fronds (FOPF) on body weightgain and meat quality of goat. This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 3treatments i.e. R1 (grass 0%: FOPF 100%), R2 (grass 50%: FOPF 50%) and R3 (grass 100%: FOPF 0%)and 5 replications. The parameters of the study were feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), weight andpercentage of carcass and meat quality. The results indicated that feed intake and meat quality of goatwas not affected by treatment, but the average daily gain, carcass weight, and percentage of carcass, wasaffected by the differences of percentage of FOPF in the pellet complete feed. The best ration was in theR1 ration (grass 0%: FOPF 100%) that significantly different (P<0.05) from the other rations. The feedintake tended to be higher in goat fed R1 (895.87 g/d) compared to those in goat with the R2 (854.38g/d) and R3 (851.53 g/d). The average daily gain and carcass weight were higher in goat fed R1 rationcompared to those in goat fed R2 and R3. Consequently, the carcass percentage in R1 was higher thanthose in R2 and R3. The carcass percentage was ranged from 38.41-41.38%. The Ribeye area was higherin goat fed R1 (9.73 cm2) than R2 (8.34 cm2) and R3 (7.76 cm2). In this study, the protein content ofgoat meat was ranged from 19.06 to 20.71%, lipid content was ranged from 0.703 to 1.106% and watercontent was range from 72.45% to 74.12%, in which were not different among the treatments. It can beconcluded that the use of FOPF in a complete feed could improve performance and meat quality of goat.
TL;DR: The result showed that the growth of body measurements of Bali cattle until 24 months of age were still increasing and not reaching the mature size yet, while the place, sex and age factors were significantly affected to the growth.
Abstract: The estimation of growth curves and mature size of ten body measurements, namely withers height,hip height, body length, chest girth, chest depth, chest width, rump length, hip width, thurl width, andpin bone width, were studied in Bali bulls and heifers at the age of 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months. 108bulls and 146 heifers at Bone district and 152 bulls and 110 heifers at Barru district, South Sulawesi,Indonesia were measured. The Brody growth function was fitted to each animal’s records and leastsquaresanalysis were used to investigate the effects of place, sex, and age to growth curve and maturesize of body measurements of Bali bulls and heifers. The result showed that the growth of bodymeasurements of Bali cattle until 24 months of age were still increasing and not reaching the mature sizeyet. The place, sex and age factors were significantly affected to the growth of body measurements ofBali cattle.
TL;DR: Feeding of pelleted FG to male JTT sheep increased the DBWG, equivalent to those by feeding of combination between 85% fresh FG an15% rice bran, and feed dry matter consumption, in vivo dry matter digestibility and in vivo organic mattter digestibility, and daily body weight gain were analyzed.
Abstract: This investigation was conducted to study the influence of the pelleted field grass (FG) toperformance of Java thin tail (JTT) sheep Twelve heads of male JTT sheep were devided into 3 groups,consisted of 4 heads as replication, respectively There were three kinds of ration as treatments, namely:fresh FG (T0), pelleted FG (T1), and combination between 85% FG and 15% rice bran (T2) Themeasured variables were: feed dry matter (DM) consumption, in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVoDMD)and in vivo organic mattter digestibility (IvoOMD), molar proportion of partial volatile fatty acids(VFAs), and daily body weight gain (DBWG) Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) incompletely randomized design (CRD) Result of this investigation showed hat feed consumption bysheep received pelleted FG was higher (P< 005) than those received FG (513 vs 393 g) Ratio of aceticacid : propionic acid in sheep received pelleted FG was lower (P<005) than those in sheep received FG(253 vs 346) Feeding of the pelleted FG resulted in DBWG significantly differed from combinationbetween FG and rice bran (69 and 72 g), and were higher (P<005) than feeding of FG (53 g) Inconclusion, the feeding of pelleted FG resulted the higher DM consumption and ruminal propionic acid,the lower acetic acid : propionic acid ratio, than feeding of fresh FG Feeding of pelleted FG to male JTTsheep increased the DBWG, equivalent to those by feeding of combination between 85% fresh FG an15% rice bran
TL;DR: The results of this preliminary study indicated that the developed ELISA method, capable of detecting type B Clostridium botulinum toxin up to 1.0 ng/ml, is suitable for detecting BoNTs-B produced locally.
Abstract: Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNTs) is one of the causes of economic loss in the livestockindustry. This economic loss would be as a direct result when animals poisoned by BoNTs or indirectlywhen the livestock products are contaminated by BoNTs, which end up with the products are banned byauthority. Therefore a routine surveillance of BoNTs in the farm and in livestock product processingindustry is urgently needed. One of the most relatively quick and accurate methods to perform a routinedetection of the presence of BoNTs is enzyme-linkage immunosorbant assay (ELISA). In this article wedescribe the results of the development of ELISA, using polyclonal antibodies against BoNTs-Bproduced locally. Antibodies were generated from six Balb/c mice with standard immunologicalmethods. Mice were immunized three times for a period of 8 weeks with a commercial type BClostridium botulinum toxoid at a dose of 100 ng per mouse per injection. The resulting antibody waspurified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation 50% (w/v) technique and a protein Acolumn method. The results of this preliminary study indicated that the developed ELISA methodcapable of detecting type B Clostridium botulinum toxin up to 1.0 ng/ml.