Showing papers in "Long Range Planning in 1972"

TL;DR: The most suitable approach to the obtaining of new products by an individual firm in order to reach new markets can be determined only after a thorough investigation of the company's situation and the market conditions as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The following article describes the way in which the three-parameter approach can be of value to long range planners and concentrates attention on estimating the ultimate level of adoption and the expected time scale.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the mechanisms which exist within many companies to attempt this task are out of balance because insufficient attention is paid to source planning, and illustrate some of the consequences of omitting sourcing data from the base from which the corporate plan is evolved.

TL;DR: Ringbakk et al. as discussed by the authors conducted an investigation of corporate planning systems in Europe and the U.S.A. This has involved over 350 companies from 20 countries, covering companies in all major industry classifications, companies which are multi-giants down to small national entities.

TL;DR: Formal planning has, in general, received the kind of attention and support from top management that most emerging techniques can only dream of as discussed by the authors, and planning functions have been set up with sophisticated, trained staffs.

TL;DR: Some of the most important work which is currently being undertaken in the area of R & D and which is particularly relevant to the planning function is described.

TL;DR: The authors found that formal techniques of TF are not widely practiced, although the need for TF is generally accepted, and that those companies which are using these techniques do so with some reservation, although some companies in the U.K. do have considerable experience in technological forecasting, diffusion of the knowledge of which would be of benefit to the bulk of British industry.

TL;DR: In the long range forecasting project "Energy and the Environment" discussed in this paper, the Delphi method was employed to evaluate potential breakthroughs in energy technologies and environmental protection, management and planning innovations during the next 50 years.

TL;DR: Kashyap et al. as discussed by the authors explained the role that management information systems play both in the development of corporate plans for a business enterprise and in the control of the activities of the enterprise and pointed out that careful consideration has to be given to a number of factors including organizational arrangements for design of MIS, determination of the degree of sophistication of MIS and estimation of system costs vs. system benefits in order to ensure the successful development of information systems for management planning and control.

TL;DR: A number of practical approaches have been developed for use in corporate strategic planning as discussed by the authors, and these methods can be applied to any type and size of business organization anywhere; however, these decisions cannot be delegated.

TL;DR: The Delphi technique was developed by Olaf Helmer, a mathematician with the Rand Corporation, in the early 1960's as discussed by the authors, which aims at co-ordinating the opinions of a group of experts on the likely direction of future development.

TL;DR: In the broad sense of "a systematic approach to general management" that strategic planning is here compared in large corporations and Government as discussed by the authors, the function of general management in both business and government is critically concerned with these three functions.

TL;DR: The Indian Government has progressively restricted imports of technology since 1966 as mentioned in this paper, and the result is that it takes 3-5 years for a large firm to get a sanction for the import of technology and its utilization; this entails advance planning of technology imports, and advance action for the generation of alternatives within the country, should the imports not be allowed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine a number of techniques which are available for the selection and evaluation of R&D projects and make a selection that will ensure a range of new products and processes which will meet the requirements of the company's policy for business growth and strength.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the latest methodological developments in this field for analysis, planning and control are frequently under-estimated as to their applicability and efficiency, and that the availability of computers makes it possible to apply such methods very efficiently and at fairly low cost.

TL;DR: The shift from politics to expertise changes the rules for exercising power, and alters the structure of previous power networks as mentioned in this paper, and as a result, the involvement in planning of people who are ill-equipped to deal with the presentation of issues in a technical framework tends to lag.

TL;DR: The systems and procedures described have been proposed or are being used in the planning of new product programs, the development of new technologies, the evaluation of technical feasibility and the quantification of risk.

TL;DR: In a business environment characterized by rapid technological changes, massive capital outlays, intensive competition, and the administration of complex large scale organizations, future growth and profitability will largely hinge upon reliable and intelligent long-range financial planning as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, why, how, where and when to plan for corporate development in the third world: Asia, Latin America and Africa, the emphasis is on the why and the how.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a role for artists who have a capacity for instinctive apprehension in forward planning teams and their unfettered creativity can act as a catalyst within the planning process which normally proceeds step by step from precept to interim conclusion.

TL;DR: Operations Research was used and a long range planning model was set up, which enabled exhaustive analysis over a planning period much longer than is usually attempted.

TL;DR: In this article, Morrell argues that a firm's forecasting effort should be concentrated on the matters which are important to the business and that a pronounced cyclical profit pattern is apparent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a conceptual framework for long-range planning based on economic analysis, with particular emphasis on the use of input-output analysis (IOA) for the planning process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the purpose and nature of an economic assessment of a research and development project, and focused on the forecasts on which an assessment is based, and proposed a method of applying it to the assessment of R&D projects.

TL;DR: The main object of this article is to discuss the uses of operational gaming in the planning and decision making processes, but this cannot be done adequately until the misconceptions have been examined —and refuted.

TL;DR: A brief description of the criminal justice system, a discussion of some attempts to model that system, an enumeration of some of the difficulties inherent in developing and using such models, and then an indication of some approaches to dealing with those difficulties.

TL;DR: In this article, the status of the planning program at Babcock & Wilcox is reported, and the authors discuss the theory and structure of the BW, what characterizes a good plan and what might be in store for the company.

TL;DR: In this paper, an approach to quantifying risk in investment appraisal and considering a marketing project is presented, although the technique has been used to appraise plant investment associated with uncertain technology and sales forecasts and also to investigate the optimal participation and financing for joint venture proposals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the various obstacles faced by the large firm in effecting long range planning in a developing economy and analyze with appropriate examples the impact of environmental constraints on its activities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the manner in which multi-national firms are using the computer as an aid to multinational planning, first as a report generator to perform extensive data manipulations to save time and clerical labour and, secondly, as a means of simulating strategies under a wide variety of conditions and under extreme conditions of uncertainty.