Showing papers in "Marine Policy in 1995"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the findings of two partly overlapping comparative international projects on government-industry interaction in fisheries management in the seven Nordic countries, the USA, Canada, Spain, France and New Zealand.

TL;DR: The Southeast South American shelf large marine ecosystem (SSASLME) extends roughly over the entire continental shelf off southeastern South America, from 23° to 55°S, the largest shelf in the southern hemisphere as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an assessment of the position reached at the close of the fourth session in August 1994 when the Conference had reached a crucial juncture and major differences remained between coastal states and distant water fishing states both on questions of the form of any possible agreement and on matters of substance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for a corporate concept of fisheries self-governance, which provides a vehicle for effective joint decision-making by producers, but avoids the inefficient long-run incentives created by a cooperative governance structure.

TL;DR: This paper analyzed an oceanic fishery in southern New England as a subculture whose features are adaptive to the total environment in which it operates and suggested that voluntary compliance with safety regulations can be enhanced if policy makers utilize knowledge of the subculture and involve fishers in the policy-making process.

TL;DR: The future success of fisheries management in the Philippines may lie in a form of co-management involving a partnership whereby authority and responsibility for fisheries management is shared between various levels of government and the local fishing community.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relative efficiency and effectiveness of current and alternative quota allocation systems in a fisheries context and examined the role of secondary markets in correcting inefficiencies in initial quota allocation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the direct allocation of Pacific whiting among competing offshore and on-shore user groups that fish off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California in the USA, the process of achieving that allocation, and the value of economic analysis in the process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of Korean marine policy, paying particular attention to marine-related issues such as fisheries, shipping and shipbuilding, space creation by reclamation, offshore oil and gas exploitation, deep seabed mining ventures, marine science and technology development, and coastal environmental preservation.

TL;DR: With Canada's Atlantic fisheries in a state of acute crisis because of a severe reduction in groundfish populations, the government is developing strategies to reduce harvesting and processing capacity by 50%. The current difficulties are attributed, at least in part, to excessive overexpansion of the fisheries following the declaration of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction in 1977 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The Mediterranean Sea is moving from the Action Plan to the adoption of the Agenda 21, namely a sustainable development-inspired programme, extending co-operation between states to the economic development and social equity according to the UNCED Agenda 21 as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the arguments for and against the privileged status of shipowners and conclude that there is no justification for such a system, and that it is quite clear that recent Conventions and municipal statutes based on such Conventions have enhanced the right to limit liability.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider how likely it is that countries will cooperate on fish resources that straddle the high seas and how the likelihood of cooperation depends on the number of participants in a fishery and on economic parameters such as the discount rate, fishing costs and cost heterogeneity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a transferable dynamic stock right (TDSR), under which rights are allocated to fishers as life-cycle shares of each year-class that can be harvested.

TL;DR: There is currently little evidence to support the conclusion that fish populations are chaotic, so any focus on policy tools is not meaningful in the absence of clearly stated and reasonable policy objectives and monitoring and control of removals from exploited systems must be an integral part of any management program.

TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology is proposed which incorporates the impact of oil pollution regulations, public awareness, navigational risk and oil spills on the cost of oil transfer to maritime industry, and the estimated benefit-cost ratios of OPA90 regulations such as double hull requirement and vessel response plans are found to be less than one even when natural resources are valued at post-Exxon Valdez levels.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the evolution and significance of submarine cable technology and the causes of cable failures due to man-made "external aggression" and the industry's response, and identify the need for adequate ocean policies to supplement existing corporate strategies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main components of the policy are outlined, including its organizational arrangements, and problematic areas are examined, including the introduction of the 'historic waters' argument, in the hope that the ROC government will produce an amended document embodying a more practicable policy.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that NAFO has faced a major problem in developing a successful management regime for straddling stocks: lack of an effective enforcement capability to make members comply with its total allowable catches (TACs), quota allocations, and technical measures and to prevent nonmember fishing within its Regulatory Area.

TL;DR: In this article, the main provisions of the new Agreement and its impact on the prospects for universal participation in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea are analyzed and assessed. But they do not consider the impact of the agreement on the future of seabed mining.

TL;DR: The lack of prior agreement on fisheries access and management greatly hindered the opportunity of obtaining a functional boundary in the context of international arbitration as mentioned in this paper, which has limited effective bilateral cooperation in the management and conservation of shared fish resources.

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the new regime with particular reference to Mediterranean straits is provided, where the regime of passage through international straits provided for in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone will be superseded by the regime on ‘Straits Used for International Navigation’ in Part III of the LOS Convention.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the manner by which Canadian maritime Arctic policy is formulated and suggested that this policy is largely the result of an ad hoc and reactive process in general, the policy tends to be the product of a specific event initiated by a non-Canadian actor in the Canadian Arctic In the early 1970s, this event was the voyages of the American oil tanker, Manhattan These voyages resulted in the drafting and passage of the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, among other measures, to protect Canadian northern waters.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the historical development of the Northwest Atlantic groundfish fishery and review studies and programs conducted and implemented that were geared towards improving fisheries management and development, concluding that the fisheries sector is not a leading sector but a lagging one, one requiring massive inputs of public funds support to survive.

TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the underlying causes of shipwrecks remain much the same as they have ever been, and the symptoms of current shipping ills are considered at great length in the Donaldson Report.

TL;DR: The Gulf of Maine Action Plan is currently undergoing a mid-term review process, which is considering the possible adoption of a series of Protocols to supplement the 1989 Agreement, with an emphasis on habitat protection.

TL;DR: The development and management of marine fisheries in Malaysia is described in this article, where a conceptual model of fisheries within a management and development framework is provided and the need to take serious consideration of fisheries conservation emphasized.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that effective environmental management of shipping may depend upon a regionalisation of the marine environment for EIA purposes akin to that found in the loadline rules, together with rationalization of the increasing number of special areas in existence or proposed for this purpose.

TL;DR: The UK Government is called upon to take a lead internationally, regionally and nationally in these interrelated fields, and its first published response, issued in February 1995, and many of its initiatives, examined here, suggest that it has, for once, heeded the cries of a major inquiry as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive national oceans policy, integrated marine strategies, and a naval and regulatory force posture capable of ensuring the harmonious and sustainable use of Canada's contiguous oceans.