Showing papers in "Measurement Techniques in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, the tasks of metrological services and manufacturers of measurement equipment are considered in light of modernization of the Russian machine-building industry using as an example the work of the Center for the Development of Measuring Instruments and the Department of Measurement Information Systems and Technologies of the STANKIN Moscow State Technological University.
Abstract: The tasks of the metrological services and manufacturers of measurement equipment are considered in light of modernization of the Russian machine-building industry using as an example the work of the Center for the Development of Measuring Instruments and the Department of Measurement Information Systems and Technologies of the STANKIN Moscow State Technological University. Recent completed projects are briefly described.
55 citations
TL;DR: The design and metrological characteristics of the MTsR-F2 fountain-type cesium frequency standard developed at the All-Russia Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Measurements in 2008-2011 within the framework of the GLONASS Federal Targeted Program are presented in this article.
Abstract: The design and metrological characteristics of the MTsR-F2 fountain-type cesium frequency standard developed at the All-Russia Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Measurements in 2008–2011 within the framework of the GLONASS Federal Targeted Program are presented.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the asymptotic properties of the regression estimator of the probability density, synthesis of which presupposes decomposition of statistical data, are studied and the dependence of the number of sampling intervals on the volume of original data is determined on the study.
Abstract: The asymptotic properties of the regression estimator of the probability density, synthesis of which presupposes decomposition of statistical data, are studied. The dependence of the number of sampling intervals on the volume of original data is determined on the study.
16 citations
TL;DR: A hardware implementation of a technique of calibration of a reference vibration transducer that corresponds to the protocol of key comparisons and makes it possible for holders of secondary references to assure the uniformity of measurements in the field of vibration measurement is described in this article.
Abstract: A hardware implementation of a technique of calibration of a reference vibration transducer that corresponds to the protocol of key comparisons and makes it possible for holders of secondary references to assure the uniformity of measurements in the field of vibration measurement is described.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the action of interfering factors on the results of measurements of the moisture content of liquid, paste-like and friable materials is analyzed, and recommendations are made on the construction of an electrical model of a primary measuring transducer.
Abstract: The action of interfering factors on the results of measurements of the moisture content of liquid, paste-like and friable materials is analyzed. Recommendations are made on the construction of an electrical model of a primary measuring transducer. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
14 citations
TL;DR: Early results of complex experimental investigations on the study of instrumental and methodological errors of diagnostics in noninvasive medical spectrophotometry are described in this paper, where physical and technical sources and factors of errors are considered for measurements using nonbiological simulation measures.
Abstract: Early results of complex experimental investigations on the study of instrumental and methodological errors of diagnostics in noninvasive medical spectrophotometry are described. Physical and technical sources and factors of errors are considered for measurements using nonbiological simulation measures. It is shown that the geometric and spectral characteristics of the optical elements and photodetectors, and also selected models and data-processing algorithms in the computer software of the instruments, have the greatest effect on the diagnostic errors.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetic flowmeter for fluid sodium, the inductor for which is in the form of an electromagnet that generates a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field, is described.
Abstract: A magnetic flowmeter for fluid sodium, the inductor for which is in the form of an electromagnet that generates a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field, is described. The effect of external industrial-frequency interference is entirely eliminated and the influence of thermo-emf, eddy currents, etc. is substantially reduced. The design of the flowmeter, its technical characteristics, and a testing technique are considered.
11 citations
TL;DR: Results of measurements of roundness with the use of a coordinate measuring machine and contact reading system in scanning mode and in Calipso and Matlab/Octave software systems are presented.
Abstract: Results of measurements of roundness with the use of a coordinate measuring machine and contact reading system in scanning mode are presented. The values obtained are analyzed in the Calipso and Matlab/Octave software systems and compared.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reciprocity method was used to measure the phase angle of the sensitivity for the geometric and acoustic centers of a hydrophone and for determining the position of the acoustic center from its shift relative to the geometric center of the hydrophone.
Abstract: Some new approaches for phase calibration of hydrophones by the reciprocity method are considered. Uses of this method for measuring the phase angle of the sensitivity for the geometric and acoustic centers of a hydrophone and for determining the position of the acoustic center from its shift relative to the geometric center of a hydrophone are described. Results from an experimental test of these techniques are presented.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model of the measurement errors is developed, which is used when determining the optimum operating parameters of the plane instantaneous heat source method, employed to measure the thermal diffusivity and volume heat capacity of heat-insulating materials.
Abstract: A mathematical model of the measurement errors is developed, which is used when determining the optimum operating parameters of the plane “instantaneous” heat source method, employed to measure the thermal diffusivity and volume heat capacity of heat-insulating materials.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical study of magnetohydrodynamic interaction of flows of poorly conducting liquid in open canal beds and in free-flow pipelines is presented, and the volumetric weight functions for an electromagnetic flowmeter as a function of the site of the electrodes and level of liquid are calculated.
Abstract: Results from a theoretical study of magnetohydrodynamic interaction of flows of poorly conducting liquid in open canal beds and in free-flow pipelines are presented. The volumetric weight functions for an electromagnetic flowmeter as a function of the site of the electrodes and level of liquid are calculated. It is shown that simultaneous measurement of the flow rate and level of liquid in unfilled pipelines by means of special processing of signals from several pairs of electrodes is possible.
TL;DR: In this paper, the differences in the resonance frequencies of protons in water and hydrogen were determined for cylindrical samples using an electromagnet (B = 2.142 T) and a superconducting magnet (B= 11.747 T).
Abstract: The differences in the resonance frequencies of protons in water and hydrogen are determined for cylindrical samples using an electromagnet (B = 2.142 T) and a superconducting magnet (B = 11.747 T). The difference in the chemical shift for protons in water and hydrogen is found to be σ(H2) – σ(H2O) = 596(2)·10–9 at 25°C. The published value of the absolute shielding by protons in hydrogen, σ(H2) = 26288(2)·10–9 at this temperature, implies σ(H2O) = 25692(3)·10–9, which differs from the shielding by protons in water σ(H2O) = 25694(14)·10–9 given in lists of the fundamental physical constants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the acid-base titration with a solution of sulfuric acid is carried out to measure the nitrogen content, and after the distillation is completed, the quantity of ammonia in the collect
Abstract: Nitrogen. This procedure is based on Kjeldahl’s method [3], the principle of which is the quantitative conversion of organic nitrogen (the polypentide bonds of albumen) into ammonium form when heated in concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of catalysts. Ammonia is expelled from the ammonium sulfate by concentrated alkali, which, with water vapor, is driven off into a receiver with a certain volume of boric acid. At the concluding stage, an acid-base titration with a solution of sulfuric acid is carried out to measure the nitrogen content. After the distillation is completed, the quantity of ammonia in the collect
TL;DR: In this paper, the coverage factor for a fractional number of degrees of freedom is calculated, and discreteness is taken into account for estimates of measurement uncertainty in multiple observations.
Abstract: The evaluation of measurement uncertainty for quantities expressed in decibels is discussed The coverage factor for a fractional number of degrees of freedom is calculated and discreteness is taken into account for estimates of measurement uncertainty in multiple observations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reasons for postponing the adoption of the new definitions of the SI kilogram and mole based on Resolution 1 of the 24th CGPM are discussed and discussed.
Abstract: Reasons for postponing the adoption of the new definitions of the SI kilogram and mole based on Resolution 1 of the 24th CGPM are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of eliminating the systematic error of a ring laser induced by the influence of magnetic field, based on the reversible nature of the rotation of the laser, is proposed.
Abstract: A method of eliminating the systematic error of a ring laser induced by the influence of magnetic field, based on the reversible nature of the rotation of the laser, is proposed. Results of experimental studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness gained from the use of the method of reverse rotation are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential and utility of fractal methods in discrimination of the measured profiles of different surfaces and in the construction of functional models of interactions with surfaces are noted, and an areal-scale analysis is performed in a study of adhesion processes, such as thermal spray of an adhesive coating, bacterial adhesion, and carbonization.
Abstract: The great potential and utility of fractal methods in discrimination of the measured profiles of different surfaces and in the construction of functional models of interactions with surfaces are noted. An areal-scale analysis is performed in a study of adhesion processes, such as thermal spray of an adhesive coating, bacterial adhesion, and carbonization.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method of obtaining images of microobjects by processing digital interferograms, recorded using a modified Fourier spectrometer, is proposed, where the requirements imposed on the width of the source radiation spectrum in order to transmit the spatial structure of the object are discussed.
Abstract: A new method of obtaining images of microobjects by processing digital interferograms, recorded using a modified Fourier spectrometer, is proposed. The process by which interferograms, which image the spatial characteristics of a microobject, are formed, is described. The requirements imposed on the width of the source radiation spectrum in order to transmit the spatial structure of the object are discussed. Results of an experiment to record the image of a microobject in white light are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the Avogadro constant, the kelvin, and the ampere have been used to reconcile the new prototypes of the kilogram with its international prototype and a quantitative limitation of their instability.
Abstract: Selection of a fundamental physical constant for the purpose of redefinition of the updated SI base measurement unit according to the principle of concordance of dimensions of the constant and of the unit of measurement, when they either coincide or differ by a factor having the dimension of time, is proposed. A quantitative criterion for reconciling the new prototypes of the kilogram with its international prototype and a quantitative limitation of their instability are proposed. The possibility of preserving a relation between the definitions of the mole and the kilogram in the updated SI is considered. It is proposed that the kilogram and mole be redefined using a fixed value of the Avogadro constant, the kelvin, and the ampere, after, that is, the measurement accuracy of the Boltzmann constant has been improved and after closure of the “quantum triangle.”
TL;DR: The variation in the electromechanical characteristics of turbine units with an increasing voltage on the stator windings driven by a pulse in the external electrical grid is monitored by a mathematical simulation.
Abstract: Multifactor mathematical models for turbine units are constructed and the response of their parameters to pulses from an external electrical grid is modelled. The variation in the electromechanical characteristics of turbine units with an increasing voltage on the stator windings driven by a pulse in the external electrical grid is monitored by a mathematical simulation.
TL;DR: Methods and original hardware – software facilities for metering the individual consumption of heat energy, based on an intelligent system for monitoring power supplies, are proposed.
Abstract: Methods and original hardware – software facilities for metering the individual consumption of heat energy, based on an intelligent system for monitoring power supplies, are proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, a microwave radiometer with two receivers, in which the sensitivity and stability of conversions are increased by using the zero method of measurement, is described, and the operating principle is the synchronous use of two forms of pulse modulation - amplitude and width.
Abstract: A microwave radiometer with two receivers, in which the sensitivity and stability of conversions are increased by using the zero method of measurement, is described. The operating principle is the synchronous use of two forms of pulse modulation – amplitude and width. The generation of signals which control the width modulation using a special algorithm for each receiver, improves the linearity of the radiometer transfer characteristic.
TL;DR: In this paper, a fixed effects model was proposed for the analysis of key comparison data in CCM.P-K12, which assumes that a certain number of the laboratories measure without bias.
Abstract: In this paper, we extend a recently proposed procedure for the analysis of key comparison data to the case where the traveling standard shows a linear drift. The procedure is based on a fixed effects model and assumes that a certain number of the laboratories measure without bias. The analysis is carried out by applying Bayesian model averaging to all possible different models, each assuming zero biases for a different subset of laboratories. The method is applied to the key comparison CCM.P-K12.
TL;DR: In this article, a method of determining the temperature deformation of measuring stands is proposed and tested, which may be applied to devices used for linear measurements in the nanometric range.
Abstract: The influence of temperature deformations of structural elements of measurement systems on the process of control of precision parts is considered. A method of determining the temperature deformation of measuring stands is proposed and tested. The method may be applied to devices used for linear measurements in the nanometric range.
TL;DR: A review of theoretical models explaining the variation in the fine structure constant α in space and time is given in this paper, where a method is described for constructing models in which variations in α and other fundamental physical constants, including the gravitational constant G, follow from the dynamics of extra space-time dimensions in the framework of a multidimensional theory of gravitation that is nonlinear with respect to curvature.
Abstract: A brief review of theoretical models explaining the variation in the fine structure constant α in space and time is given. A method is described for constructing models in which variations in α and other fundamental physical constants, including the gravitational constant G, follow from the dynamics of extra space-time dimensions in the framework of a multidimensional theory of gravitation that is nonlinear with respect to curvature. An explicit example of such a model is constructed for explaining the observed spatial and temporal variations in α.
TL;DR: In this article, an examination of models of statistical distributions and tables of percentage points for application of the Kuiper and Watson tests of goodness-of-fit for composite hypotheses belonging to samples with different parametric models of their probability distributions is presented.
Abstract: This is an examination of models of statistical distributions and tables of percentage points for application of the Kuiper and Watson tests of goodness-of-fit for composite hypotheses belonging to samples with different parametric models of their probability distributions. An interactive simulation method is presented which can be used for the construction and use of a statistical distribution of a test in the course of the statistical analysis associated with hypothesis testing.
TL;DR: An algorithm for generating the output signal of a group frequency standard using control of the frequency of an auxiliary crystal oscillator based on two time scales is proposed.
Abstract: An algorithm for generating the output signal of a group frequency standard using control of the frequency of an auxiliary crystal oscillator based on two time scales is proposed. The algorithm may be used in back-up systems of the output signal of the reference that are based on synchronization of the auxiliary oscillator relative to several time and frequency standards.
TL;DR: An analysis confirms the low reliability of data on the forms of the oscillations of buildings and structures.
Abstract: The metrological and mathematical correctness of monitoring the dynamic stability and indentifying the form of oscillations of building structures is analyzed. Standards documents regulating dynamic inspections and the results of their practical applications are discussed. An analysis confirms the low reliability of data on the forms of the oscillations of buildings and structures.
TL;DR: In this article, the need for the use of a linear fractional function in the description of the conversion characteristics of wide-range instruments is demonstrated, and the need to use a linear-fractional function is discussed.
Abstract: The need for the use of a linear-fractional function in the description of the conversion characteristics of wide-range instruments is demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this article, the variation in the cross-section of a flow of transported petroleum caused by deformation of a pipeline is estimated and the error of an ultrasonic flowmeter counter for the case in which the current flow crosssection is taken into account is calculated.
Abstract: The variation in the cross-section of a flow of transported petroleum caused by deformation of a pipeline is estimated. The error of an ultrasonic flowmeter counter for the case in which the current flow cross-section is taken into account is calculated.