Showing papers in "Metallography in 1978"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used electron microautoradiography with tritium being charged directly on the surfaces of properly prepared electron-transparent foils to observe hydrogen effects directly without the need for replication.

TL;DR: A cyanide-free solution was developed to produce high-quality silver and silver-alloy transmission electron microscopy specimens with consistent reproducibility as mentioned in this paper, which consists of 115 ml glacial acetic acid, 43 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea.

TL;DR: In this paper, the bright-field image contrast associated with grain boundary ledges in nickel and type 304 stainless steel was studied in the context of existing knowledge of contrast phenomena used in the interpretation of ledge contrast.

TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence procedures were used for precipitate identification and to assess the relative elemental redistribution produced by two different heat treatments, and it was concluded that the increased grain size and redistribution of the grain boundary precipitate phases produced by the modified heat treatment are likely to be responsible for the intergranular failure mode observed for fatigue crack propagation specimens.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mean grain size versus annealing time and temperature for four austenitic stainless steels is estimated for each of the four alloys, and a kinetic analysis of Stanley and Perrotta's data whereby the time dependence and activation energy for grain growth from the shrinkage rate temperature dependence is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for extraction replicas from the cast superalloy IN-738 is described, employing techniques which are generally applicable to nickel-base superalloys. But this method requires the extraction of incomplete spheroidal precipitates on the sample surfaces.

TL;DR: In this paper, the electrolytes and polishing currents for the electromechanical polishing of some transition metals and their solid solutions are given for transition metal borides, carbides, sulphides, arsenides and elemental bismuth.

TL;DR: In this paper, the sequence of changes that take place during the isothermal precipitation of the omega phase has been investigated from the standpoint of particle morphology and the factors controlling the nucleation process.

TL;DR: In this article, a technique for preparing electrodeposited gold specimens for transmission-electron-microscope (TEM) investigations is described, which involves the electroplating, cutting, and electropolishing of 3-mm gold discs.

TL;DR: In this article, two kinds of hardening precipitations are observed in the ferritic phase of a PH 15-7 Mo type stainless steel after aging heat treatment: NiAl and another intermetallic compound, already known as the R phase.

TL;DR: The role of carbon during α → (α + γ ) transformations of Fe-Cr alloys with optical and electron microscopic observations, punctual analysis and microhardness measurements is discussed in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of a tool-steel chisel upon a low-carbon, high-strength X65 line-pipe steel, a hard and etch resistant surface layer is formed.

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of intercept lengths in the matrix constituent has been determined for eight cast-iron specimens with graphite nodularity ranging from 0 to 100% for all specimens the distribution was found to be that corresponding to a random dispersion of graphite particles.

TL;DR: In this article, the Johnson-Mehl-Avram equation was used to analyze the kinetics of the β ⇄ ζ 0 phase transformation in AgZn alloys using electrical resistivity.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of measurements of the relationship between the mean intercept length and the true grain diameter in sintered UO2 pellets is reported, using a mathematical procedure due to Shephard.

TL;DR: The activation energies of the transformation ζ (disordered hcp) → β′ (ordered bcc) of the about 50% atomic Ag-Cd system were determined from individual movement of the interfaces ζ/β in a hot stage as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, optical microscopy has been employed to observe the slip lines in deformed Al-2% Ge alloy samples and they have been observed in the as-quenched, partially-aged, fully-aged and over-aged states.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a general methodology for failure analysis using a combination of fractography and fault trees, which is demonstrated by an analysis of failure of a component in an engineering structure and by a fracture process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors addressed the reason for the difference in observed cleaved grain densities in CIP/HIP P-1 beryllium and showed that some cracks were covered up during mechanical polishing.