Showing papers in "Neurologic Clinics in 1990"

TL;DR: The basic concepts underlying the balance system are reviewed, the information provided by dynamic posturography is described, and how the technique complements and expands on the Information provided by traditional tests of vestibular function is explained.

TL;DR: A low brain Mg2+ and consequent reduced gating of glutamatergic receptors may provide the link between the physiologic threshold for a migraine attack and the mechanisms of the attack itself by promoting glutamate hyperactivity, neuronal hyperexcitability, and susceptibility to glutamate-dependent spreading depression.

TL;DR: The anatomy, neurochemistry, electrophysiology, and pharmacology of the trigeminovascular system in experimental animals are reviewed and whenever possible the relevance of this final common pathway to migraine, cluster, and other headache syndromes in humans is emphasized.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the physiologic rationale for an exercise-based approach and discusses specific assessment and treatment techniques involved in a vestibular rehabilitation program.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that rehabilitation therapy for balance disorders can be of significant benefit for a wide range of patients as a singular management tool or in combination with medical or surgical techniques.

TL;DR: The utility of posturography is in screening for balance disorders and in functionally defining different types of sensory deficits or central disorders, which can be used to define restrictions or high-risk environments for patients, to guide rehabilitative balance therapy, and to monitor progression of recovery from a disease process.

TL;DR: The present review demonstrates that the clinical data that has developed over the past 30 years may allow for the elucidation of the role of specific 5-HT receptor subtypes in the pathophysiology of migraine.

TL;DR: VAT is a new, portable testing technique that utilizes microcomputers and patients' active head movements at high frequencies to test both horizontal and vertical VOR responses, and shows that this test is comfortable, efficient, clinically accurate, portable, and low cost.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the limitations in our current understanding, as well as the historical prejudice directed toward patients with this condition, current understanding and treatment approaches can provide hope and relief for most patients who have these disorders.

TL;DR: Headache disorders recently have been reclassified, and new operational diagnostic criteria assist in making the correct diagnosis.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the clinical, neuroradiologic, and neuropathologic features of HIV-1-related central nervous system involvement in infants and children with symptomatic HIV infection is reviewed.

TL;DR: Severe headache and specifically migraine is, for reasons still unknown, much more common in women, and, in most studies, is reported to decrease in prevalence in older age groups.

TL;DR: Migraine is a disorder with multiple manifestations affecting the circulation, gastrointestinal tract, and the central nervous system, which is responsible for many of the clinical features.

TL;DR: Before attributing school problems in children to untreatable conditions, depressive disorder must be excluded, and appropriate antidepressant therapy should be provided to children and adolescents with evidence of depression.

TL;DR: This article reviewed areas of central nervous system anatomy that may be involved in MS disequilibrium as well as the role of clinical examination, electrophysiologic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and assessment of vestibular dysfunction in MS patients.

TL;DR: The current status of research in RS is considered within the context of autism and other disorders in which autistic features may occur, such as the fragile X syndrome, and neuropathologic features are modest.

TL;DR: This article reviews basic principles of clinical pharmacology and their therapeutic application, and the effects of drug absorption, distribution, protein binding metabolism, and excretion are discussed.

TL;DR: There is now strong evidence that chronic motor tics and Tourette syndrome are different manifestations of an autosomal dominant gene with high penetrance and a genetic link with obsessive-compulsive disorder also appears to have been established.

TL;DR: Because the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus is neurotropic, physicians will continue to see a rise in the number of neurologic complications of this syndrome, accompanied by headache.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to present specific information regarding the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration stimulus and vestibular physiology in a way that will hopefully aid in test interpretation.

TL;DR: The indications, dosing regimens, and potential side effects of the drugs used for the treatment of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, posttherapeutic neuralgias, temporal arteritis, and migraine are reviewed so that the most appropriate treatment for each patient can be chosen on a sound, rational basis.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of evaluating and treating 41 patients with disabling positional vertigo (DPV) by microvascular decompression (MVD) of the vestibular nerve and, when indicated, the cochlear portion of the eighth cranial nerve has been highly successful in returning patients with DPV to normal lifestyles.

TL;DR: From such a systems approach a variety of symptoms and signs may be predicted and evaluated, and a new pathologic nosology of dizziness may be derived.

TL;DR: Rectal ergotamine and naproxen are the major candidates for the ad hoc treatment of migraine attacks; for particularly dramatic episodes, intravenous DHE with prochlorperazine is the author's preference.

TL;DR: It is important for physicians to be aware of the expectations and psychologic needs patients have, to understand how psychologic and personality variables can impact care, to realize the importance of patient education, and to be cognizant of how environmental factors can influence headache pain behaviors.

TL;DR: Management of the treatment-resistant patient remains problematic, but a carefully performed trigeminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation procedure may be worthwhile and chronic use of narcotics should be avoided.

TL;DR: The role of the pediatric neurologist should not end with management of acute problems such as seizures but should be expanded to aid in close developmental monitoring of high-risk children who have obvious or subtle neurodevelopmental deficits.

TL;DR: Treatment of the parkinsonian features in MSA is limited by pharmacologic sensitivity and autonomic failure, and lucidation of the neurochemical and pharmacologic abnormalities in these disorders suggests new therapeutic avenues for the future.

TL;DR: In some advanced vestibular laboratories around the world, new and perhaps diagnostically useful tests of otolith function are being devised, the physiologic basis and the present clinical applications are reviewed.

TL;DR: A review of the variety of injuries, their pathophysiology, their diagnosis by cranial ultrasonography, and their prognosis is offered, placing emphasis on the need for assessment over time when evaluating parenchymal lesions in preterm infants.