Showing papers in "Nordisk Psykologi in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, Fog discusses the seductive character of the conversation when used as a method, and deals with the probing nature of the interview, and this means, with the researcher's use and abuse of the implicit power of conversation.
Abstract: Fog, J. (1992). Moral issues in the qualitative research interview. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 221–229. The paper is concerned with the seductive character of the conversation when used as a method. There is an inbuilt contradiction in the qualitative interview, springing from the openness and reciprocity of the conversation on one hand; and the conversation used as a means to an end, used as a method, on the other hand. The paper deals with the probing nature of the interview, and this means, with the researcher's use and abuse of the implicit power of the conversation. To be precise it is about her choice and dilemma of wanting the interview (and hence her empirical material) on the one hand to be so deep and thoroughly probing as possible; with the risk of trespassing on the person. On the other hand she wants to be very respectful of her interviewee and his borders; with the risk of getting empirical material that only scratches the surface. The openness and intimacy between the interviewer and the interv...
21 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: Ladegaard et al. as mentioned in this paper found that socially conditioned non-standard varieties of English are often evaluated most negatively, while standard English usually connote high status and competence whereas regional nonstandard varieties may be seen to reflect greater integrity and attractiveness.
Abstract: Ladegaard, H.J. (1992). Language attitudes in Denmark. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 173–189. In social-psychological research language has been used as a means of evoking stereotyped reactions reflecting differential views of social groups. Various British and North American studies using the basic principles of the “matched-guise” technique—a method designed to measure rather private and uncensored attitudes—conclude that standard varieties of English usually connote high status and competence whereas regional non-standard varieties may be seen to reflect greater integrity and attractiveness. Socially conditioned nonstandard varieties are often evaluated most negatively. In the present study 212 informants with different age, sex, social class, linguistic background and place of residence listened to seven voices representing different social groups (four regional varieties from Jutland, Funen and Bornholm, high and low variety of Copenhagen-speech and Standard Danish) and evaluated the quality of the language...
8 citations
TL;DR: Pedersen et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a shortened, 20 item, Norwegian version of Gordon Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), utilized at a sample of 573 Norwegian adolescents, age 15-19.
Abstract: Pedersen, W. (1992). Parents' relations measured with PBI, mental health and conduct disorder in young adolescents. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 241–255. The paper presents a shortened, 20 item, Norwegian version of Gordon Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), utilized at a sample of 573 Norwegian adolescents, age 15–19. The instrument measures mothers' and fathers' “care” and “control/overprotection” as perceived by the adolescent. Through factor analyses the two dimensions of the instrument were clearly identified. Further the two dimensions showed associations with measures of depression/anxiety and conduct disorder; indicating that PBI scores may be general and unspesific risk factors for a broad range of psycho-social problems.
7 citations
TL;DR: Eskola et al. as mentioned in this paper looked briefly at the early sources and channels through which Marxist ideas were imported into Finnish psychology and then asked to what extent and in what ways these ideas continue to influence the discipline now that the socialist system has collapsed: with the underlying political ideals vanishing into thin air, does this mean that the theoretical ideas deriving from the work of Marx or Soviet psychology will also have to go?
Abstract: Eskola, A. (1992). The legacy of Marxist influences in Finnish psychology. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 97–103. The article looks briefly at the early sources and channels through which Marxist ideas were imported into Finnish psychology and then proceeds to ask to what extent and in what ways these ideas continue to influence the discipline now that the socialist system has collapsed: with the underlying political ideals vanishing into thin air, does this mean that the theoretical ideas deriving from the work of Marx or Soviet psychology will also have to go? It is argued that psychological theorizing which is based on Marxist premises has been less affected by the recent political upheavals than many other disciplines. From the powerful and influential Marxist period, Finnish psychology has retained at least the important concept of activity which has helped to overcome some fruitless dichotomies; an interest in a strictly theoretical line of inquiry that was inspired by the study of Marxism; a certain way of...
7 citations
TL;DR: The cognitive variables involved in relapse after treatment for alcoholism were investigated in a follow-up study of 20 alcoholics and it is argued that relapse occurs in idiosyncratic high-risk situations that are identical before and after treatment.
Abstract: Nielsen, P. (1992). Alcohol problems, treatment and relapse—a qualitative study of psychological processes involved in relapse after treatment in a group of alcoholics. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 161–172. The cognitive variables involved in relapse after treatment for alcoholism were investigated in a follow-up study of 20 alcoholics. It is argued that relapse occurs in idiosyncratic high-risk situations that are identical before and after treatment and that positive alcohol-related expectancies and inadequate coping strategies elevate the risk of relapse. The majority of the investigated group experienced drinking episodes after treatment. Within the six month follow-up period eight subjects experienced total relapse, five relapsed partially, and seven only experienced minor slips and showed a marked improvement of control over alcohol. The empirical findings are discussed in relation to social learning and cognitive theories of addictive behaviors.
5 citations
TL;DR: Bjerke et al. as discussed by the authors surveyed a total of 741 university students in Trondheim, Norway, using a self-report measure of previous and recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (incl. deliberate self-harm).
Abstract: Bjerke, T., Svarva, K. & Stiles, T.C. (1992). Self-reported suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among university students. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 144–151. A total of 741 university students in Trondheim, Norway, were surveyed using a self-report measure of previous and recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (incl. deliberate self-harm). Over 37% of the respondents reported some level (rarely to often) of suicidal thoughts earlier in their lives. When asked about suicidal thoughts during the previous year, approx. 15% answered yes. Suicide attempts or deliberate self-harm were reported by 3.4% of the students. Sex differences were not found in any of the analyses. Younger students (under 24 yrs.) reported more previous suicidal ideation than older students, a result which confirms previous research on the prevalence of suicidal tendencies. In general, the level of suicidal tendencies reported in the present sample is lower than what has been reported in the majority of previous studies in other c...
5 citations
TL;DR: A new model of interpersonal communicative actions (ICA) that integrates elements of Habermas' theory of communicative action and social-cognitive developmental theories is postulated in this article.
Abstract: Adalbjarnardottir, S. (1992). Reaching consensus in conflict sitiuations in childhood. Nordisk Psykologi, 42, 116–137. A new model of interpersonal communicative actions (ICA) that integrates elements of Habermas' theory of communicative action and social-cognitive developmental theories is postulated. By the use of hypothetical situations, Habermas' conception of raising the validity claims of truth, truthfulness, and Tightness in communicative action aiming at consensus over conflicting points of view is explored. The ICA model of four structural-developmental levels of perspective coordination (impulsive, unilateral, reciprocal, mutual) and four functional steps in the communicative process (definition of problem, evaluation of sincerity, perception of fairness, choice of action) is used to examine both developmentally and situationally how these validity claims are questioned. Based on a longitudinal case study involving a peer conflict and a student-teacher conflict, it is hypothesized that individua...
3 citations
TL;DR: Sigsgaard as mentioned in this paper argued that the research models should be made objects of research themselves, and that in projects on children and their relations to adults the views and insights of the children themselves should be recorded and analyzed, and not only those of the adults.
Abstract: Sigsgaard, E. (1992). On the relations between concept of Man, paradigm, preconceptions and data in human science research projects. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 35–45. This paper focuses on the need for educational research to include the concept of Man and of society in the common debate and not to exclude them from project-reports. It also argues that the research-models should be made objects of research themselves, and that in projects on children and their relations to adults the views and insights of the children themselves should be recorded and analyzed, and not only those of the adults. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of a specific model of child-adult relations, which is more or less accepted as confirmed knowledge without having been made object of research itself.
2 citations
Journal Article•
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Om traeningen af terapeutiske faerdigheder is used to describe the effect of drugs on patients' mental health in the context of psychophysics.
Abstract: (1992). Om traeningen af terapeutiske faerdigheder. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 230-233.
TL;DR: Berthelsen et al. as mentioned in this paper performed a qualitative, explorative study concerning behaviour patterns related to sex in 130 examination papers in Psychology and found that women's papers were more homogeneous in relation to mark, form and content.
Abstract: Berthelsen, J. (1992). Sex differences and students' examination papers. An explorative investigation. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 271–292. For 20 years sexual equality in education has been discussed in Scandinavia. Today women are in majority at the Humanities. Do female students adapt to the traditional values of the university or has a new behaviour developed? A qualitative, explorative study concerning behaviour patterns related to sex in 130 examination papers in Psychology has been performed. The majority of papers showed features related to the students' sex. The women's papers were more homogeneous in relation to mark, form and content. The men's papers were more individually differentiated. The results show that female students tend to choose topics where they may be personally involved in human and social problems, e.g. among underprivileged groups. However, they suppress their personal needs and emotions in favour of theoretical reports of literature. They keep to the well-known patterns of content...
TL;DR: Rotter et al. as discussed by the authors presented the saetningsfuldendelsestest brugt som projektiv prove, which is the basis for the present paper.
Abstract: (1992). Julian Rotter's saetningsfuldendelsestest brugt som projektiv prove. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 301-310.
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TL;DR: Sundell et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the causal relationship between socio-dramatic play and divergent thinking in children, using Structural Equationing Modeling (SEM).
Abstract: Sundell, K. & Nyhammar, M. (1992). Play and divergent thinking. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 104–115. During the latest years, play has become increasingly associated with children's development. One reason for this is the correlation between socio-dramatic play and different aspects of development, e.g. divergent thinking. Few studies have been able to analyse the results in terms of causal relations. This study was designed to address the issue of the causal relationship between socio-dramatic play and divergent thinking. 54 children, 4 to 6 years of age, were studied. Data were gathered using observations, tests and interviews. The fit between the data and five possible theoretical models describing the relationship between play and divergent thinking was analysed using Structural Equationing Modeling. None of the four models were better in explaining the data, thus indicating that socio-dramatic play has no specific influence on children's divergent thinking. The result was discussed in terms of lacking the...
TL;DR: Baldursson et al. as discussed by the authors argued that the interpretation of the perceptions and actions of any individual must take social background seriously, and that the resources of a collective structure are one important factor influencing the outcome of work related dem...
Abstract: Baldursson, E.B. & Pedersen, B.T (1992). Interpretation and meaning. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 1–18. The debate on qualitative vs. quantitative methods tends to revolve around questions of validity vs. reading or contextual analysis. An interpretation of qualitative data cannot escape questions of validity and reliability. But quantitative data based on questionnaires also require reading. Both adherents and critics of questionnaire based research have not sufficiently taken into account essential similarities between the problems and potential inherent in data based on response to verbal or written questions, in an interview or a questionnaire. Dealing with occupational settings this means that the interpretation of the perceptions and actions of any individual must take social background seriously. People do not only deal with the demands of work as individuals, but also as members of social groups. The resources of a collective structure are one important factor influencing the outcome of work related dem...
TL;DR: Overskeid et al. as discussed by the authors argue that education often fails to be an agent of change, and may even work against the goals it is intended to attain, and that certain educational settings may also motivate achievement too strongly.
Abstract: Overskeid, G. (1992). Learning at work: the role of motivation is underestimated. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 190–202. The vital role played by motivation is consistently underestimated when education is recommended as a remedy for various organizational ailments. This is an important reason why education often fails to be an agent of change, and may even work against the goals it is intended to attain. Beliefs in phenomena like intrinsic motivation and a universal need to learn at work seem to be involved when psychologists and others fail to see the need to motivate to achieve behaviour change. Certain educational settings may also motivate achievement too strongly. Both of these extremes could be avoided through a more meticulous analysis of motivation in organizational practice.
TL;DR: In this paper, Heimann et al. present and discuss some factors that are central to understanding why or why not learning takes place, within the framework of a theory called the rare event learning mechanism.
Abstract: Heimann, M. (1992). Learning—A rare event. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 203–211. Children tend do learn at different rates and they also differ as regards the amount of necessary input. The article presents and discusses some factors that are central to understanding why or why not learning takes place. This is done within the framework of a theory called the Rare Event Learning Mechanism (see: Nelson, 1991). Mechanisms in focus incorporate motivational, attentional, and cognitive aspects. These factors are presented in some detail as is some empirical evidence showing that limited but focused input can provide the child with enough exemplars to learn new language structures. These data are incorporated with the theory of Rare Events and some necessary and facilitating factors for language learning are listed. It is concluded that the theory might help us in organizing rewarding and motivational learning opportunities for children learning language, and also that it is essential to view the learning process wit...
TL;DR: A cognitive approach in the treatment of schizophrenia is outlined with reference to three areas which seem to represent central vulnerability factors; disturbances in information processing, hyperarousal, and reduced social copying.
Abstract: Rund, Bjorn Rishovd (1992). Use of a cognitive model in treatment and rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 46–57. A cognitive approach in the treatment of schizophrenia is outlined with reference to three areas which seem to represent central vulnerability factors; disturbances in information processing, hyperarousal, and reduced social copying. Cognitive test procedures and interventions used in a psycho-educational treatment program of young psychotic patients at the State Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic are described.
TL;DR: Hedelund et al. as mentioned in this paper argued that most beginner supervisees regard supervision as a personal matter, and supervisor must be aware of protecting the privacy of the supervision room.
Abstract: Hedelund, U. & Jorgensen, E. F. (1992). Protecting the supervisee. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 138–143. The debate in this article is about the necessity of the supervisor's contribution to protect or guard the particularly less experienced supervisee in order to provide his/her professional and personal development with the optimum conditions. The necessary connection between supervisee must support supervisee's self-understanding during his/her therapeutic contact with the client. Supervisor is not always attentive to the fact that he is contesting or exceeding the limits of supervisee's privacy. Most beginner supervisees regard supervision as a personal matter, and supervisor must be aware of protecting the privacy of the supervision room.
TL;DR: Rekve et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the logical foundations of research integration and proposed alternative approaches to meta-analysis within the context of the methodological issues which actualized their developments, and gave considerate promise for gaining information about causal moderators and causal efficacious treatment components.
Abstract: Rekve, M. (1992). The use of meta-analysis in psychotherapy outcome research. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 19–34. This paper examines the logical foundations of research integration. The qualitative review is found wanting. Meta-analytic procedures which emphasize effect size and decrease the overemphasis on single studies, are proposed as more appropriate alternatives. The now classic analyses by Glass and colleagues represent the introduction of meta-analysis to the field of psychotherapy evaluation. A critical evaluation of these studies exemplify fundamental issues within meta-analytic methodology. Alternative approaches to meta-analysis are presented within the context of the methodological issues which actualized their developments. Accumulating research is likely to be more complete, more explicit and quantitative with the use of meta-analysis. Recent developments give considerate promise for gaining information about causal moderators and causal efficacious treatment components.
TL;DR: Nissen et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed how different types of user perspectives research handle this predicament and proposed to connect this research closely with reforms in clinical practices, so that "user perspectives" herald profound changes in how psycho-social problems are socially constructed and managed.
Abstract: Nissen, M. (1992). User perspectives and concepts-in-practice on psycho-social health. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 256–270. The growing field of research in “user perspectives” seems to either contradict or copy traditions in clinical psychology. The paper reviews how different types of user perspectives research handle this predicament. It is proposed to connect this research closely with reforms in clinical practices, so that “user perspectives” herald profound changes in how psycho-social problems are socially constructed and managed. A sketch of underlying tendencies points to the gradual emergence of new forms of societal integration surrounding an increasingly autonomous individual with psychologistic ideology and/or societalization of privacy, and types of practical “user involvement” can be distinguished in this field.
TL;DR: Investigating the relationship between child day-care personnel's perceptions of the value of perceiving guidance in pedagogic matters and different conceptions of the nature of their work showed that the group that regarded their work principally in terms of care did not perceive pedagogueic guidance to be important; by contrast, thegroup that saw their work in instrumental terms had a positive attitude towards such supervision.
Abstract: Lantz, A. & Pingel, B. (1992). Pedagogie guidance and job supervision in Swedish child day-care. Nordisk Psykologi, 44, 81–96. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between child day-care personnel's perceptions of the value of perceiving guidance in pedagogic matters and different conceptions of the nature of their work. The study was undertaken in the light of earlier research on the organization of publicly-provided child day-care which showed that managers did not represent a resource which was utilized for skills development. Video recordings were made of work at day-care centres, with a focus on the activities of personnel who were later interviewed in conjunction with the showing of the video material. The results showed that the group that regarded their work principally in terms of care did not perceive pedagogic guidance to be important; by contrast, the group that saw their work in instrumental terms had a positive attitude towards such supervision. One conclusion is that org...