Showing papers in "Occupational Therapy in Health Care in 2008"
TL;DR: The authors have discussed in some detail the issues and concerns facing children, families, and caregivers while charting childhood development, health and wellness, and facilitating engagement in participation across contexts.
Abstract: The book is a discussion of all children's occupations and their engagement and participation in home, school, and community. The intended audience is occupational therapists, occupational therapy ...
62 citations
TL;DR: The Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System as mentioned in this paper is a book that integrates principles of anatomy with clinical concepts relating to various disciplines, such as neuroscience, medicine, and physics.
Abstract: The general purpose of Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System is to provide a book that integrates principles of anatomy with clinical concepts relating to various disciplines...
37 citations
TL;DR: The national AOTA office has identified driving evaluation and driving rehabilitation as an emerging and critical practice area for occupational therapists, and the authors address this national focus with this well-written book, providing an excellent consolidation of expert material for the more experienced therapist.
Abstract: The national AOTA office has identified driving evaluation and driving rehabilitation as an emerging and critical practice area for occupational therapists. The authors address this national focus with their well-written book. This text meets the needs of both the novice occupational therapist (OT) looking to enter the field, as well as providing an excellent consolidation of expert material for the more experienced therapist. There are 48 contributing authors who expertly present a broad range of content in a thorough and understandable manner. The text reads well and allows the reader to gain insight and knowledge into the complex venues of driving rehabilitation with ease. The chapters cover almost every topic that the OT seeking to specialize in driving evaluation and rehabilitation would need. These range from looking at driving from a historical perspective, evaluating and determining driving performance, rehabilitation and improving driving skills, and environmental factors that impact the driver and other community mobility issues. The progression of the chapters follows a very practical and clinically based approach, providing a logical building of the reader’s knowledge base. The text is complete and up to date in its content and methods discussed. The appendices provide a wealth of information that is a must to have, particularly if one is developing a driving evaluation program. A full complement of materials on the laws that the OT must be aware of are covered, as well as CPT codes and an introduction to the values of connecting with the Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists (ADED).
25 citations
TL;DR: Applications are organized around enhancement of occupational performance, utilizing three distinct methods: (1) Music-assisted occupation, (2) Music as occupation, and (3) Music in preparation for occupation.
Abstract: Music is a modality present in occupational therapy, yet little educational material about music exists within the field. This paper presents a myriad of possibilities for practitioners considering using music, providing a resource of research within and outside the field. Applications are organized around enhancement of occupational performance, utilizing three distinct methods: (1) Music-assisted occupation, (2) Music as occupation, and (3) Music in preparation for occupation. The potential effects of music in the areas of pain/discomfort, movement, emotion, cognition, self-expression/communication, relationships/groups, culture/society and community, and personal meaning/motivation, are discussed in terms of enhancing occupation.
24 citations
TL;DR: A case study and discussions with the occupational therapists are incorporated to explore how the assessment influences practice from initial assessment to final outcome measure and how single observation forms and prototype self-assessment forms based on the MOHOST have contributed to the assessment process.
Abstract: The Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) plays a key role in the occupational therapy assessment protocol at an acute psychiatric unit in Britain. This paper incorporates a case study and discussions with the occupational therapists to explore how the assessment influences practice from initial assessment to final outcome measure and how single observation forms and prototype self-assessment forms based on the MOHOST have contributed to the assessment process.
23 citations
TL;DR: It is contended that the model may be used to guide occupational therapy practice with marginalized individuals and families in a number of community environments.
Abstract: Globally there are individuals who are marginalized from mainstream society due to problems such as physical or psychological impairment, poor socio-economic circumstances, and occupational deprivation. Many develop learned helplessness syndrome, rendering them unable to control their lives and their destinies. This paper proposes a Model of Occupational Empowerment for providing services to these community populations. The model, a grounded theory, emerged from our work at a homeless shelter for women and children. Disempowering environments in the past had caused learned helplessness in the women at the shelter. Occupational engagement was used to empower them. We contend that the model may be used to guide occupational therapy practice with marginalized individuals and families in a number of community environments.
21 citations
TL;DR: Occupational therapy students in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, participated in a 9-week journal club experience within an evidence-based practice course, and review of the reflexive journals indicated substantive changes in the students' professional development, commitment to evidence- based practice, and perceived responsibility to demonstrate leadership in this area.
Abstract: Occupational therapy students in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, participated in a 9-week journal club experience within an evidence-based practice course. Working in groups of seven, students were provided with an overall framework to develop and conduct weekly journal club sessions. They determined the focus and direction for their journal club section, decided on the number, type, and focus of research articles that were discussed each week, created methods for evaluating individual and group performance, and determined the effect of the journal club experience on their knowledge and professional behavior. Students completed a weekly reflective journal and at the conclusion of the course, results were uniformly positive. Review of the reflexive journals indicated substantive changes in the students' professional development, commitment to evidence-based practice, and perceived responsibility to demonstrate leadership in this area.
16 citations
TL;DR: There are over 3600 definitions and 60 appendices, which offer the reader a quick summary of common terms used by occupational therapists and essential AOTA references.
Abstract: Though there are more comprehensive and expensive medical dictionaries on the market, occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants, and students will find this reference book as an essential text for his or her library since, it is designed specifically for the occupational therapy practitioner and occupational therapy student. The small size of this reference book is user friendly and easy to carry throughout the day compared to larger and heavier medical dictionaries, and it is reasonably priced. Occupational therapy students find this book particularly beneficial when completing their fieldworks. There are over 3600 definitions and 60 appendices, which offer the reader a quick summary of common terms used by occupational therapists and essential AOTA references. Examples of pertinent AOTA information include: the Code of Ethics, Core Values, and Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Practice, and AOTA’s Vision and Mission Statements. However, it is unclear why the authors included an appendix on AOTA’s past presidents. Unfortunately, the AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Practice (2002) is not included in the text or appendices. The terms and associated definitions are in alphabetical order and are easy to understand, though there are no illustrations or diagrams to accompany the definitions. Occupational therapy practitioners and students will need to use the table of contents to find specific information in the appendices since there is no index provided. The appendices will assist the reader in refreshing his or her memory on various scales (i.e., Rancho Los
14 citations
TL;DR: During the five-step process the MOHO concepts and assessments provide opportunities for therapists to develop occupation-focused clinical reasoning and deepen their knowledge of the theory and its application in practice.
Abstract: Best ooccupational therapy practice requires a commitment to ongoing learning to enhance clinical reasoning. This paper describes a five-step cooperative learning process to advance clinical reasoning based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). During the five-step process the MOHO concepts and assessments provide opportunities for therapists to develop occupation-focused clinical reasoning and deepen their knowledge of the theory and its application in practice.
13 citations
TL;DR: The paper concentrates on explaining how MOHO has helped to guide program redesign and develop an Occupational Therapy Care Pathway to support occupation-focused services.
Abstract: This paper discusses the current context of the UK mental health service system and the resulting need for program change within acute-care inpatient hospitals. The primary focus is to illustrate through practice example what can be done to support the delivery of client treatment packages by using the concepts described by the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). The paper concentrates on explaining how MOHO has helped to guide program redesign and develop an Occupational Therapy Care Pathway to support occupation-focused services. The example given is of a hospital service in Gloucestershire, England, which provides inpatient care for people experiencing acute mental illness.
13 citations
TL;DR: The CFA indicated that the hypothesized second-order model could explain the relationship of the OSA items to the latent variables of occupational competence and value for occupations, however, RSM item hierarchies did not replicate those found in previous international studies.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate construct validity and factor structure of the Persian Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA; Baron, Kielhofner, Iyenger, Goldhammer, & Wolenski, 2003 ) based on the model of human occupation (MOHO). Three hundred and thirty-six (179 male and 157 female) Iranian junior high students were measured using the OSA. The data were analyzed using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM). In combination, the CFA and RSM results provided strong evidence for the construct validity of the Persian version. The CFA indicated that the hypothesized second-order model could explain the relationship of the OSA items to the latent variables of occupational competence and value for occupations. However, RSM item hierarchies did not replicate those found in previous international studies.
TL;DR: Overall, MOHO-based variables offered an effective explanation of factors that influence subjective well-being in Jordanian university students.
Abstract: The occupational role of a university student can create challenges that negatively affect subjective well-being. Cultural factors can make these problems particularly acute for students from Arab backgrounds. This study examined the relationship between variables derived from the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) and Jordanian university students' subjective well-being. Using cluster sampling, a total of 670 participants were recruited from the undergraduate student body at the University of Jordan. Data were collected from these students using the Role checklist, the Occupational Self-Assessment, the Affectometer 2, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. As hypothesized, reported roles, valuation of roles, perceived competence in volition, habituation, performance capacity/skills, and the environment were significantly correlated with subjective well-being. A discriminant analysis using the most strongly correlated items significantly classified students into known groups of high and low subjective well-being. Overall, MOHO-based variables offered an effective explanation of factors that influence subjective well-being in Jordanian university students.
TL;DR: Results indicated that traditional students favored collaborating while nontraditional students preferred competing and avoiding, and the management strategies used by the two groups differed based on the outcome focus and the power relationship between disputants.
Abstract: As occupational therapists prepare to fulfill the vision of the profession and face the challenges of this century, asserting themselves professionally and effectively collaborating with others is of critical importance. The conflict resolution behaviors used to manage current and future practice environments have significant implications for job retention, work climate, patient care and the development of professional relationships. The literature suggests that occupational therapy students tend to use unassertive forms of conflict management. In an effort to identify potential inconsistencies between students' tendencies and professional demands, this study examined the conflict resolution behaviors that graduate, traditional, and nontraditional occupational therapy students, are likely to use (n = 145). The design of the study was descriptive and correlational. The Thomas Kilmann's MODE instrument and a Conflict Case questionnaire were used as measures of the conflict resolution styles. Results indicated that traditional students favored collaborating while nontraditional students preferred competing and avoiding. The management strategies used by the two groups differed based on the outcome focus and the power relationship between disputants. Findings are relevant for occupational therapy education and continuing professional development. Training in conflict management strategies that would strengthen students' assertiveness and interpersonal skills would be helpful in fostering the leadership needed for fulfilling the profession's vision.
TL;DR: The findings support the conclusion that the ACIS-C is a valid and sensitive tool when used with Chinese clients and supports the generalizability of the Model of Human Occupation concept of communication and interaction skills to an Eastern context.
Abstract: This study examined the dependability of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills—Chinese version (ACIS-C) with psychiatric participants in Taiwan. A convenience sample of 101 participants diagnosed with psychiatric illness were recruited from four day-care wards in northern and eastern Taiwan. The results of the Rasch analysis showed that the ACIS-C items coalesced to form a measure of communication/interaction and the 4-point rating scale functioned as intended. The ACIS-C differentiated participants into six levels of communication and interaction skills. The findings support the conclusion that the ACIS-C is a valid and sensitive tool when used with Chinese clients. Moreover the study supports the generalizability of the Model of Human Occupation concept of communication and interaction skills to an Eastern context.
TL;DR: Two case studies are used to illustrate that MOHO provides useful insights to how Chinese culture influences participation of persons with disabilities in Hong Kong.
Abstract: Questions have been raised about the applicability of Western theory in an Eastern context. Two case studies are used to illustrate how the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is useful in problem identification and intervention planning in Hong Kong. The cases illustrate that MOHO provides useful insights to how Chinese culture influences participation of persons with disabilities.
TL;DR: Enhancing Human Occupation Through Hippotherapy explores the role hippotherapy plays in promoting purposeful, meaningful activity and rehabilitation, and includes using hippotherapy interventions to improve sensory modulation, attention, cognition, and daily living skills.
Abstract: Enhancing Human Occupation Through Hippotherapy as the title implies, explores the role hippotherapy plays in promoting purposeful, meaningful activity and rehabilitation. It is written with five a...
TL;DR: This exploratory, pilot study involved interviewing three older adults to address issues of individual perceptions of spirituality, integration of spirituality in daily life, and utilization of spirituality to address individual needs.
Abstract: Spirituality is multifaceted as it is a nonphysical meaning placed upon existence and is unique to each individual. This exclusivity makes it difficult to measure or analyze, but the need remains to discover answers to questions regarding spirituality, human life, and its factors. This exploratory, pilot study involved interviewing three older adults to address issues of individual perceptions of spirituality, integration of spirituality in daily life, and utilization of spirituality to address individual needs. Thematic results indicate spirituality is a principle-based and intrinsic factor integrated into daily life. It involves motivation and meaning as spirituality addresses personal needs by providing strength and inspiration. Finally, spirituality affects chosen occupations by providing a sense of purpose.
TL;DR: This textbook offers an excellent insight for the occupational therapy practitioner, including occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants, and students who are now recognizing the importance of addressing the challenges and obstacles the authors' clients face every day in his or her own environment rather than in the sterile occupational therapy clinic.
Abstract: Kathryn M. Loukas (2007) indicated that the future of occupational therapy “lies in the community” (www.aota.org). However, there are numerous unknowns for the development of a community-based prac...
TL;DR: It is suggested that discourse analysis and the examination of personal and professional worldviews will contribute to theorizing of the concept of spirituality within the discipline of occupational therapy and that it is preferable to represent spirituality as a flexible framework rather than a fixed definition.
Abstract: Occupational therapy and nursing literature share a common theoretical journey of the concept, spirituality. This paper draws on the nursing literature's theoretical progress in the area of spirituality in order to propose a theoretical framework for occupational therapy models. It is suggested that discourse analysis and the examination of personal and professional worldviews will contribute to theorizing of the concept of spirituality within the discipline of occupational therapy and that it is preferable to represent spirituality as a flexible framework rather than a fixed definition.
TL;DR: The research protocol evaluating the effect of the Remotivation Process on the recovery process of people with depression is presented and the positive changes this intervention approach had on clients and on occupational therapy practice are highlighted.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted in Quebec, Canada, with occupational therapists working in mental health. Data were gathered through self-reported narratives of fou...
TL;DR: There are efforts in Canada, France, Finland, Germany, Hispanoamerica, Israel, Japan, The Netherlands, and Taiwan to disseminate the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO).
Abstract: This paper documents efforts in Canada, France, Finland, Germany, Hispanoamerica, Israel, Japan, The Netherlands, and Taiwan to disseminate the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). We aim to characterize the challenges involved, the strategies used, and the impact of these efforts in diverse cultural and social conditions.
TL;DR: This study investigated use of the Japanese Interest Checklist for the Elderly (JICE).
Abstract: This study investigated use of the Japanese Interest Checklist for the Elderly (JICE). An interview that followed administration of the checklist illuminated the reasons for interests among 65 participants. Examining the reasons behind levels of interest is a potential avenue of research that may add to our understanding of the nature of interests.
TL;DR: The meaning of suffering from the spiritual perspective of Anthroposophy, which considers suffering as a powerful force in achieving the inner knowledge necessary for change and transformation, is explored.
Abstract: This paper explores the meaning of suffering from the spiritual perspective of Anthroposophy, which considers suffering as a powerful force in achieving the inner knowledge necessary for change and transformation. Representing the philosophy of recovery-oriented models, which emphasize healing through empowerment, self-help, and transformation, Anthroposophy can be used as an effective strategy in treating people whose suffering cannot be prevented. The relationships between suffering and inner knowledge, as well as different aspects of the meaning of suffering, are described. Finally, the relevance of this inquiry to occupational therapy philosophy and practice is discussed, and examples of clinical interventions are presented.
TL;DR: Based on follow-up data for 28 participants, improvements in the areas targeted by the intervention were found at both time periods.
Abstract: The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is frequently used to guide mental health psychosocial programs. However, the benefits of these programs are not fully understood. This study explores the impact of a program that addresses the volition, habituation, and skill challenges reported by those with mental health problems. Follow-up data were collected 32 weeks and 1 year after initial assessment. Based on follow-up data for 28 participants, improvements in the areas targeted by the intervention were found at both time periods.
TL;DR: Kinesiology for Occupational Therapy provides a detailed explanation of normal movement, measurements of movement, and theory-based interventions used by occupational therapists in the treatment of patients exhibiting a number and variety of diagnoses.
Abstract: This book is a beneficial educational reference for those in the field of occupational therapy, as well as for occupational therapy students, in describing and explaining how movement occurs in the...
TL;DR: The aim of the study was to validate the Danish translation of The Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS) and The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA) and make them available for Danish occupational therapy practice, education, and research.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to validate the Danish translation of The Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS) and The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA). The validation process followed four research steps where pilot versions were tested by occupational therapists in practice, peer-reviewed, and back-translated. The result of the study was two validated assessment tools based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) available for Danish occupational therapy practice, education, and research. Future studies should enlighten how to maintain the validity and reliability of assessments when translations are made into other languages.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the VQ-S has clinical relevance and potential for implementation with adults with intellectual impairments and also support the content validity of the V Q-S.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the utility and content validity of the Swedish version of the Volitional Questionnaire (VQ-S). The participants in this study were thirteen occupational therapists selected because they worked with clients for whom the VQ-S is appropriate (in this case, adults with intellectual impairments) and because they had knowledge of the Model of Human Occupation. These participants completed a demographic questionnaire at the beginning of the study. Each therapist then used the VQ-S a total of six times and after each time they completed a questionnaire concerning the utility and content validity of the instrument. After having administered the instrument six times they completed a third questionnaire that assessed their perceptions of the VQ-S based on their total experience. Data from these questionnaires and the six assessment forms with the actual client ratings were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative procedures. The findings indicate that the VQ-S has clinical relevance and potential for implementation with adults with intellectual impairments. They also support the content validity of the VQ-S.
TL;DR: A community-based group intervention for elderly women in Israel, based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), addresses problems of aging clients whose lives have been compounded by traumatic histories.
Abstract: This paper presents a community-based group intervention for elderly women in Israel. The intervention, based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), addresses problems of aging clients whose lives have been compounded by traumatic histories. The unique contribution of MOHO concepts to this population is illustrated and discussed.
TL;DR: The Model of Human Occupation provided a conceptual framework to inform the development of a work-related program for Bulgarian youths with intellectual impairments who are also socially disadvantaged.
Abstract: This paper illustrates how the Model of Human Occupation provided a conceptual framework to inform the development of a work-related program for Bulgarian youths with intellectual impairments who are also socially disadvantaged. The paper describes the process of conducting a needs assessment guided by this model. Information was gathered on participants from the target group to create a holistic profile of their strengths and challenges/barriers. This information, in turn, was used to identify key needs which will guide next steps in program development.
TL;DR: This paper illustrates how the Model of Human Occupation was used as a guiding framework for an innovative program for unemployed blind adults and illustrates how factors related to South Africa's cultural, economic, and social conditions influence the use of MOHO in occupational therapy practice.
Abstract: The diversity within South African society encourages innovative occupational therapy practice. This paper illustrates how the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) was used as a guiding framework for an innovative program for unemployed blind adults. The program allowed these clients to participate in income-generating projects and illustrates how factors related to South Africa's cultural, economic, and social conditions influence the use of MOHO in occupational therapy practice.