Showing papers in "Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics in 1995"

TL;DR: It is concluded that there is overwhelming evidence against the Hess-Gullstrand theory and that it is unlikely that changes in the ciliary muscle contractility contribute significantly to the development of presbyopia.

TL;DR: Differences between the results of the Tearscope and HIRCAL grid are attributed to differences in the techniques of tear stability measurement.

TL;DR: Finite element modelling of tree shrew eyes using the material properties implies that simple elastic stretching of the sclera accounts for less than 20% of the observed difference in axial length between myopic and contralateral control eyes.

TL;DR: Fourier series analysis was found superior to conventional keratometry in predicting spherical and regular astigmatic changes in subjective refraction and seems to be a powerful tool to decompose the information of complex topographic corneal images into rational optical components.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to determine the dehydration time course of 38% water content non-ionic Medalist, 58% ionic Acuvue, and 74% nonionic Permaflex lenses, and the relationship between dehydration and in vivo diameter, movement and symptoms of dryness.

TL;DR: It is concluded that UVR‐blocking hydrogel contact lenses and spectacles are two equally effective preventive measures in minimizing unnecessary suffering and health costs, especially for people who spend a significant time outdoors and for those who live in more UV intense environments.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that pattern glare may be involved in the mechanism of Meares–Irlen Syndrome is supported and certain ocular motor factors are correlated with the primary underlying cause of the symptoms.

TL;DR: Pirenzepine was effective in preventing the axial elongation associated with experimental myopia in a dose dependent manner and via a functional not toxic mechanism.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that the pathophysiology of presbyopia is likely to result from deterioration in structure and function of a number of inter-related tissues and changed crystalline lens dimensions with age, the associated change in geometry of zonular attachments, and changes in viscoelastic properties of the lens capsule and lens matrix.

TL;DR: It is argued that there is now a strong case for the introduction of vehicle‐licensing sight re‐testing at regular intervals in the UK, and the feasibility of introducing sight tests under night‐time driving conditions is suggested.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in the normal standing condition, the kinesthetic and vestibular systems compensated for the lack of useful information from the visual system in ARM subjects, and balance control of the ARM group was significantly poorer than the control.

TL;DR: New transverse clinical data are presented which confirm and extend earlier results to be found in the literature describing the time course of presbyopia-as indicated by the magnitude of the binocular spectacle add--in normally sighted male and and female Caucasian subjects.

TL;DR: Measurements of pupil diameter as a function of luminance for a variety of field subtenses indicate a consistent trend for smaller subtenses to produce less pupil constriction.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the smallest initial values of TA and the largest inward shifts in TA are found during the period of acquisition and progression of myopia, regardless of age.

TL;DR: The results show at the 95% statistical level of confidence, that the pre-myopes have particular characteristics, such as a loss of physiological hyperopia, a more positive near retinoscopy and near cross-cylinders and tendency to esophoria.

TL;DR: This article investigated the effect of age on minimum displacement thresholds using computer-generated random dot stimuli in 91 healthy, visually normal subjects (age range 21-82 years) and found that minimum displacement threshold increased significantly at a rate of 0.07 log min arc per decade (approximately 17%).

TL;DR: Binocular enhancement of letter recognition occurs in both size and contrast domains, however, the effect is 4x greater when small letters are varied in contrast rather than size.

TL;DR: Central visual fields were investigated by automated static perimetry, using programs 30-2 and 30-1 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer, in a group of healthy myopic individuals with peripapillary crescents and tigroid fundus changes only, and linear regression results are presented.

TL;DR: Reductions in both amplitude and speed of accommodation with age are well known, and the decline in magnitude of the fluctuations found here is consistent with a general diminution in accommodation dynamics as the accommodation mechanism ages.

TL;DR: Reports have been subject to critical review and analysis, new techniques specifically to stimulate the magnocellular pathway are described, and the relevance of this research to tinted lens therapies and clinical reading problems is discussed.

TL;DR: A new parameter, the accommodative error index, which is effectively the mean of the magnitude of the response error divided by the correlation coefficient is proposed to achieve this.

TL;DR: The different corneal response in type I diabetic patients may be the result of physical determinants such as initial oedema and IOP and notThe result of a disease of the cornea itself.

TL;DR: Age-related changes in the output of the oculomotor crosslinks provide further evidence of the continual oculumotor adaptation that occurs concurrent with the loss of accommodative responsivity.

TL;DR: A method is described in which retinal contour is derived from measurements of peripheral refraction, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, and it is found that computedretinal contours are little affected by inherent errors arising from the computing scheme's methods of compensating for human ocular complexities.

TL;DR: In general, visual acuity was found to be dependent on stimulus distance, being significantly reduced for most observers for the closest targets, and there was no significant relationship between tonic accommodation and the distance where Acuity was best for the third category observers.

TL;DR: The pattern of eye movements during the recovery phase was more complex than is often assumed, in many cases consisting of a variety of saccadic and vergence movements involving both the covered and 'fixing' eye.

TL;DR: The wettability of soft contact lenses significantly increased after 15 min of wearing and stabilised at a maximum level after 30 min in vivo and contact lens hydrophilicity was found to decrease as the lens was worn.

TL;DR: The importance of differentiating between changes in 'sensitivity' and changes in decision criteria especially where mood or motivation may be confounded with the independent variable is demonstrated when evaluating the effects of exercise on visual function or evaluating the efficacy of vision training.

TL;DR: In vivo experiments confirm in vivo experiments that saline (and also buffered saline solutions) are rather toxic to the corneal epithelium and thus should not be used as epithelial incubation solutions.