Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1990"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the hypothesis that happiness is due to the greater participation of extraverts in social activities and found that about half of the greater happiness of the extraverts can be explained by their greater participation in social activity.

TL;DR: The relationship between extraversion and happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) is one of the most consistently replicated and robust findings in the SWB literature as mentioned in this paper, and the results are supportive of the substantive nature of the relationship.

TL;DR: A short scale for the measurement of two aspects of schizotypy for use in general population studies is described in this paper, which are concerned with cognitive/perceptual/attentional function and social dysfunction and anhedonia.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that when pausing to process punishment feedback required interruption of a dominant response set for reward, psychopaths paused less and displayed poorer passive avoidance learning than controls.

TL;DR: In this article, structural equation models were used to investigate the validity of the 5-factor model of personality ratings. But, the results showed that the five factors that were obtained matched conventional measures of the Big Five very well.

TL;DR: The authors found that assertiveness correlated with happiness and predicted it in longitudinal regression analyses, but this could mostly be explained by the mediating effect of assertiveness, and self-consciousness scales correlated with but failed to predict happiness.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the major causal factor is improvements in nutrition, which have led to parallel increases in height, head circumference and brain size, and to improved neurological development and functioning of the brain.

TL;DR: Those who had drove while drunk were significantly less likely to expect that drunk driving would result in an automobile accident or an arrest for driving while under the influence of alcohol, compared to boys who had not driven while drunk.

TL;DR: Over 100 subjects completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the results provided confirmatory evidence of previous research as well as validation for the happiness inventory.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the relationship between personality and appraisal of stressful events as threats or as challenges, and find that high neurotic individuals' resources are taxed by negative cognitions, leading to a positive relationship between Neuroticism (N) and threat.

TL;DR: The adult version of the Psychoticism scale has recently been revised in an attempt to rectify three major psychometric deficiencies as mentioned in this paper, and the reliability and range of scoring on the revised P scale is now higher than on the original scale Results of item factor analyses are reported and a revised short form of the junior EPQ is also presented

TL;DR: Sixty-one men and 50 women measured their own skin conductance hourly throughout one working day as well as recording drug intake and activities; they also completed the EPQ, I7 and Morningness-Eveningness questionnaires.

TL;DR: In this article, an empirical study was attempted of the relationship for 71 university-level students between different kinds of risk-taking measures and between these measures and certain personality traits, and the results strengthen the above mentioned doubts about previous research and indicate that for the analyzed decision problems, there is a general inclination to take risks when decisions can be assumed to be made in a non-impulsive manner and that this inclination is affected by the individual's way of coping with conflicts.

TL;DR: This paper examined the interrelations among a multidimensional self-report measure of social skills/competence, the Social Skills Inventory, and measures of self-esteem, social anxiety, locus of control, loneliness, and well-being.

TL;DR: The relationship between the SSS and EPQ personality dimensions and reinforcement sensitivity was examined in 140 undergraduates using a non-reversal shift concept formation task as mentioned in this paper, finding that introverts and low psychoticism (P) subjects were more inhibited by punishment than extraverts and high P subjects.

TL;DR: The Spheres of Control Scale comprises three scales: Personal, Interpersonal, and Socio-Political Control as mentioned in this paper, which has been used in a wide variety of studies to assist researchers using this instrument.

TL;DR: This article examined the stability of various aspects of the self concept as advocated by Harter [Carmichael's manual of child psychology (Vol. 4, No. 4), 1983] over an 18 month period.

TL;DR: In this article, an adaptation and standardization of Horne and Ostberg's questionnaire for the Spanish population is presented, where the variables age (17-50) and work hours were studied in subjects from the student community and in workers with different work schedules.

TL;DR: The principal components analysis of the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire revealed six fairly independent factors that bore only a partial resemblance to the six animal behaviour paradigms that the test was devised to measure as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, three studies find that creativity correlates with psychoticism and intelligence, with 52 university professors, publication and citation counts correlated 0.26 (P) with creativity.

TL;DR: The authors assesses the relationship between trait anxiety and the way people categorize natural objects and find that as trait anxiety increases, more nonprototype members are rejected from membership in a category, the width of mental categories is narrowed, and the perceived relatedness of members of a same and different categories is reduced.

TL;DR: The underlying experiential base for belief in the paranormal is the focus of the present three studies, employing students (N = 72), schoolchildren ( N = 20) and a select group of subjects interested in the occult.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism on mood were examined in a statistical review, and it was found that the combination of high Neuroticism and low Extraversion was associated with more negative and less positive average mood and some greater mood variation, whereas low NeuroTicism and high Extraversion made for better and more stable mood.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship of intellectual skills to three psychological constructs used in forensic assessment, suggestibility, acquiescence and compliance, was examined and the theoretical and forensic implications of the findings are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a measure of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity as well as measures of sensitivity of conscience (guilt and shame), personality (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire), and of altruism (giving help, receiving help, rated importance of helping) was found to be positively correlated with one another, while responses were not substantially associated with lie scale (social conformity) scores and were differentially associated with other measures.

TL;DR: In this paper, baseline activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as measured by plasma cortisol, was selected to test for the relationship between impulsivity and HPA-axis arousal.

TL;DR: The relationship between serum and saliva to personality was examined among 401 college students in four laboratory studies and 5,236 military veterans in one archival study as mentioned in this paper, and correlations were higher among veterans who were lower in socioeconomic status.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the effect of coping resources and life events on psychological and physical symptoms in a sample of adolescents, and found that negative life events and coping resources are meaningful predictors of self-reported mental health.