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Showing papers in "Revista de Filosofía in 2010"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Part I. Sexual Selection (continued): Secondary sexual characters of fishes, amphibians and reptiles, and secondarySexual characters of birds.

6,894 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The early modern political philosopher Benedict de Spinoza is often viewed as the father of the historical critical method for studying the Bible, and as mentioned in this paper examines the political background of spinoza's biblical criticism.
Abstract: The early modern political philosopher Benedict de Spinoza is often viewed as the father of the historical critical method for studying the Bible. Building upon the work of contemporaries, Spinoza constructed the methodological foundation upon which later historical criticism would build. This paper examines the political background of Spinoza’s biblical criticism, thereby placing Spinoza’s work in its sociohistorical context. The Thirty Years’ War and the political turmoil in the Dutch Republic provide the proximate backdrop for Spinoza’s political theory, and upon his biblical criticism.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper present an enfoque procesual de los pensamientos sobre los que se ha construido la Modernidad, a la luz del contexto historico-cultural que los crea y crean.
Abstract: Presentamos un enfoque procesual de los pensamientos sobre los que se ha construido la Modernidad, a la luz del contexto historico-cultural que los crea y crean. Este proyecto, levantado sobre dos fuerzas de empuje en conflicto, tras siglos de desarrollo se ha colapsado. Se hace necesario, pues, que la modernidad despliegue su heroicidad y se auto-regenere. Para ello, debe partir de sus mejores cualidades: el discernimiento critico, la reflexion y el dialogo racional.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the concept of "practical law" as developed by Kant in his Critique of Practical Reason and found that this concept represents a shift from an "ethic of obligation" to an ethic of autonomy.
Abstract: In this article the author analyzes the concept of "practical law" as developed by Kant in his Critique of Practical Reason. The author notes the roots of this concept in the modern school of natural law and states that this concept represents a shift from an ethic of obligation to an ethic of autonomy. In addition, the author analyzes the essential features of the "practical law" concept; the philosophical problems that arise from it, and the place of this concept in the landscape of Kantian ethics and moral philosophy.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors underline the importance of Heidegger's thoughts and its acknowledgement by renowned thinkers and scientists and refer to the thesis "science does not think" from the book What Calls for Thinking? or What is Called Thinking? In order to clarify this sentence, they use his lecture "Science and Reflection".
Abstract: In a brief initial presentation, I underline the importance of Heidegger's thoughts and its acknowledgement by renowned thinkers and scientists. Then, I refer to Heidegger's thesis "science does not think" from the book What Calls for Thinking? or What is Called Thinking? In order to clarify this sentence, I use his lecture "Science and Reflection". Possible explanations of the phrase in question are put aside, and I postulate that is better to think in another direction in order to better understand the thesis. This new direction introduces the difference between calculative thinking and reflection (Besinnung, besinnliches Nachdenken: meditative thinking) and focuses on what Heidegger understands as: being, essence, sense, essence of modern technology (Ge-stell: enframing) and Fourfold (Geviert).

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that infinite regress and circularity are not the best alternatives of Agrippa's trilemma and that the best disjunct is a minimalist dogmatism, with the following conditional, as one of its dogmas: if our most basic methodological and axiological scientific presuppositions (as well as our observational statements) were the correct ones, then the scientific theories selected by these pre-positions would be the probably or the approximately true ones.
Abstract: The search of epistemic justification for the most basic methodological and axiological presuppositions of science has to deal with Agrippa's trilemma.It is argued that infinite regress - even if it is only a potential regress - and circularity are not the best alternatives of the trilemma and that the best disjunct is a minimalist dogmatism, with the following conditional, as one of its dogmas: If our most basic methodological and axiological scientific presuppositions (as well as our observational statements) were the correct ones, then the scientific theories selected by these presuppositions would be the probably, or the approximately, true ones.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The presente trabajo, pretende mostrar las criticas basicas de Levinas al concepto de conciencia representacional (en general), o intencional (in particular), no estara ligado netamente al establecimiento de la etica, por tanto, se trabajara con las obras Totalidad e Infinito, De otro modo que ser o mas alla de la esencia, De Dios que viene a la idea.
Abstract: El presente trabajo, pretende mostrar las criticas basicas de Levinas al concepto de conciencia representacional (en general), o intencional (en particular). No estara ligado netamente al establecimiento de la etica, por tanto, se trabajara con las obras Totalidad e Infinito, De otro modo que ser o mas alla de la esencia, De Dios que viene a la idea. Hay que senalar que para Levinas la critica a la conciencia intencional tiene como fin el establecimiento de la etica como filosofia primera y a este fin se supedita; sin embargo, consideramos que tal critica no tiene que estar ligada unica y exclusivamente a los propositos levinasianos; podria iluminar otros contextos en los que la propuesta de la conciencia no-intencional contribuiria a renovar los contenidos y las practicas; pensamos, en primera instancia, en las ciencias humanas, especificamente en sus procesos de investigacion.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors interprets the "entanglement" of Heidegger's philosophy with National Socialism from a perspective which differs from that of his critics and defenders, and recognizes the meta-political nature of his thinking from a standpoint that asks for the relationship between philosophy and myth.
Abstract: This paper interprets the "entanglement" of Heidegger's philosophy with National Socialism from a perspective which differs from that of his critics and defenders. Heidegger's "politics" is indeed connected with National Socialism, but it identifies itself neither with the Nazi ideology nor with traditional politics. His "politics" is the expression of a philosophical romantic project related to a particular reading of Holderlin and to a Platonic conception of philosophy. To recognize the meta-political nature of his thinking requires rethinking the "Heidegger affair" from a standpoint that asks for the relationship between philosophy and myth.

3 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors bring the philosophies of the first and second Wittgenstein closer together, concentrating on the concept of use, which was already implicit in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, as the last responsible element in the sense of the propositions.
Abstract: This article intends to bring the philosophies of the first and second Wittgenstein closer together, concentrating on the concept of "use". If this concept is considered the centre of philosophy of second Wittgenstein, this article shows it as already implicit in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, as the last responsible element in the sense of the propositions. As a general conclusion to the article, we learn that the point of view or the method used by the second Wittgenstein does not represent a great swerve from the Tractatus philosophy, for this change had already happened within it (without the positivist interpreters taking notice).

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the idea of a unique pluriverse instead of a plurality of possible worlds as an explanation of modal facts, and explain a main difficulty for the pluriverse universal as a metaphysical explanation of the modality: it seems to require a previous domain of actual and merely possible objects.
Abstract: This work presents the idea of a unique pluriverse instead of a plurality of possible worlds as an explanation of modal facts. First we state the idea and motivations of a pluriverse sentence in the context of a linguistic theory of modality. Then we defend a conception of modal facts dependent on universals in which possible worlds should be understood as maximal structural universals. Here the pluriverse universal is one single property determining the totality of the modal space. Each way the world might be is represented in the pluriverse universal as a disjunct in the universal. Finally, we explain a main difficulty for the pluriverse universal as a metaphysical explanation of modality: it seems to require a previous domain of actual and merely possible objects.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a texto traz apontamentos a respeito da filosofia da linguagem de Wittgenstein and de sua presenca na filosophia habermasiana por meio do conceito basico jogo de linguagems.
Abstract: Este texto traz apontamentos a respeito da filosofia da linguagem de Wittgenstein e de sua presenca na filosofia habermasiana por meio do conceito basico jogo de linguagem. A abordagem da linguagem do segundo Wittgenstein atinge uma abstracao um tanto culturalista, que, no entanto, o exime da pretensao de ser um teorico da linguagem, ja em Habermas, essa abordagem se coloca com uma intencao: a sistematizacao da pragmatica universal, que ele apresenta como uma teoria dos jogos de linguagem.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dialectica de fracaso y esperanza que se da en los oprimidos, que todo pensamiento utopico debe considerar, is presented.
Abstract: En el articulo resaltamos una dialectica de fracaso y esperanza que se da en los oprimidos, que todo pensamiento utopico debe considerar. Para justificarlo, partimos de las ideas sobre la historia de Walter Benjamin. Despues, y como punto principal, consideramos la perspectiva del oprimido en la literatura de Kafka, aunque en este la esperanza es solo una debil insinuacion en medio de la catastrofe. Por ultimo, mostramos esta dialectica como lugar especifico y explicito de la teologia de la liberacion.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors denunciar la coaccion politica de la que se sirve la democracia representativa, abstracta o nula, in su intento de minimizar and reducir the accion social del pueblo como destinatario de los poderes politicos.
Abstract: La democracia es un sistema de poderes que deberia estar al servicio del pueblo. El actor social de estos poderes es el sujeto politico en su condicion de persona, individuo, ciudadano. Ningun otro actor puede atribuirse el uso de los poderes politicos en beneficio personal o colectivo; menos todavia, en detrimento de los otros. Se crea un principio de exclusion que pone en contradiccion o nulidad publica el ejercicio del poder de la democracia como sistema de poderes populares. Es indispensable denunciar la coaccion politica de la que se sirve la democracia representativa, abstracta o nula, en su intento de minimizar y reducir la accion social del pueblo como destinatario de los poderes politicos. La respuesta a este sistema antidemocratico, coactivo de los poderes populares, es el desacato, la desobediencia civica, la disputa ideologica, las estrategias para la subversion publica y la recuperacion de los derechos de participacion en la transformacion de la democracia politica.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relation between ideas and images, in their different philosophical formulations since the Enlightenment, is one of the key elements of their definitions both in Epistemology and in Aesthetics.
Abstract: The relation between ideas and images, in their different philosophical formulations since the Enlightenment, is one of the key elements of their definitions both in Epistemology as well as in Aesthetics. This paper concentrates on Hume's theory of abstract ideas, based on his conception of ideas as images. I investigate first the roots of his theory in the works of Berkeley, to analyse further Hume's contention that his theory is completely nominalist. Here the idea of similarity, essential for the definition of a visual image, will show itself as the core of his theory.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gadamer's evolutionary and unitary interpretation of Plato's writings assumes a rather particular understanding of the "question-and-answer form" (characteristic of the Plato's dialogues) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Gadamer's evolutionary and unitary interpretation of Plato's writings assumes a rather particular understanding of the ‘question-and-answer form' (characteristic of Plato's dialogues). This work intends to show the radicalism of Gadamer's views about the Platonic dialectic, as well as the essential connection between that structure and the central phenomenon of hermeneutics, i.e. the phenomenon of comprehending (Verstehen). In this way, both elements are shown to depend on each other, as Hermeneutic philosophy recognizes itself through the realization of the Platonic dialogue.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From what scarce philosophical readings there are of Thomas Mann's Die vertauschten Kopfe, one can conclude that it is a novel about personal identity, even if it is hard to determine in what manner as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: From what scarce philosophical readings there are of Thomas Mann's Die vertauschten Kopfe, one can conclude that it is a novel about personal identity, even if it is hard to determine in what manner. It would appear that we are condemned to fall back on the Cartesian dualism that yields the cogito's self-referential identity or on the neuroscientific or philosophical reductionism in which personal identity becomes indiscernible. Our hypothesis is that Die vertauschten Kopfe is a novel about personal identity in the sense of "narrative identity" explored by Ricoeur mainly in Temps et recit III, "L'identite narrative" and Soi-meme comme un autre.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The obra de Charles Darwin trasciende los dominios de las ciencias biologicas, e.g., en las revoluciones cientificas, en la sociedad de su tiempo and la contemporanea.
Abstract: La obra de Charles Darwin trasciende los dominios de las ciencias biologicas. En el presente ensayo se valoran los impactos de su propuesta teorica –especialmente su incorporacion de la historia en la teoria– en las revoluciones cientificas, en la sociedad de su tiempo y la contemporanea. Se esbozan tres rasgos de sus aportaciones como cientifico profesional: la incorporacion de la etica y la responsabilidad social, el vinculo con el pensamiento ambientalista contemporaneo y su comprension del metodo cientifico.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a tesis de que el eurocentrismo no ha sido superado todavia by the filosofia in America Latina was subraya.
Abstract: En la introduccion del presente estudio se subraya la tesis de que el eurocentrismo no ha sido superado todavia Sobre todo en el campo de la filosofia se puede comprobar su persistencia y su vigencia Esto lleva, en el caso de America Latina, a que todavia hoy haya muchos prejuicios frente a una filosofia latinoamericana Sobre el telon de fondo de esta tesis este trabajo muestra en su parte central el esfuerzo que ha hecho la filosofia en America Latina por superar el eurocentrismo Y lo muestra de manera positiva, es decir, dando cuenta del proceso de contextualizacion que ha llevado a cabo la filosofia en America Latina en el pasado siglo XX y que la llevo a constituirse como una “filosofia latinoamericana”


Journal ArticleDOI
Oscar Horta1
TL;DR: In this article, an explanation of the connections between the asymmetry of our attitudes towards the future and the past and the question of our diachronic persistence is possible without asking the question in any way.
Abstract: The relation between the problem of the temporality of value and the problem of our diachronic persistence has virtually not been explored so far. However, the analysis of these questions can shed light on each other in an interesting way. This paper argues that an explanation of the connections between the asymmetry of our attitudes towards the future and the past and the question of our diachronic persistence is possible without begging the question in any way.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the role of philosophy in the idea of filosofia in Ortega and Gasser's Metaphilosophy and conclude that it is inseparable from the ideas of Spanish philosophy and postmodernity.
Abstract: El presente trabajo es una investigacion sobre la filosofia de la filosofia o metafilosofia de Ortega y Gasset, tema no suficientemente estudiado, a pesar de su enorme importancia. Porque la idea de filosofia es la mas importante de su sistema, por ser la tesis primera de la que se deducen todas las demas y por su intima relacion con las ideas de Espana y Europa. Una vez europeizada Espana con la filosofia, Ortega se entrega a lo que podria llamarse "reeuropeizacion" de la misma Europa, para sacarla de la crisis. Pero pretende hacerlo -como consecuencia de una reforma de la idea de filosofia- con una filosofia netamente espanola. La idea de filosofia en Ortega y Gasset es un producto de la "crisis de fin de siglo" e inseparable de las ideas de filosofia espanola y de posmodernidad. Utilizando como metodo de investigacion la razon vital, que, como la tesis demuestra, es el modo de pensar comun en la vida cotidiana, solo que de un modo riguroso en la ciencia y consciente en la filosofia, el trabajo expone sistematicamente la idea de filosofia en Ortega, progresando de los temas mas superficiales a los mas medulares. Asi, despues de revelarsenos como una conquista especificamente europea, la filosofia se presenta como pensamiento, razon o ciencia y filosofia en si misma, para terminar destacandose como sociedad y lenguaje. La tesis concluye que la idea de filosofia de Ortega y Gasset es la idea tradicional de filosofia, solo que actualizada, esto es vitalizada : relativizada como un menester humano, circunstancializada y puesta a rodar en la historia. La idea de integracion la presidio, lo que no podia ser de otra manera tratandose de Ortega, autor que, sin renunciar a ella, supera la modernidad, actitud que le situa en la corriente integradora de la posmodernidad.[ABSTRACT] The present work is an investigation about Ortega y Gasset’s Metaphilosophy, a topic which has not been sufficiently studied despite its enormous importance. The idea of Philosophy is the most important idea in his system, because it is the first thesis which all the others are deduced from, and because it has an intimate connection with the ideas of Spain and Europe. Once Spain europeanised by Philosophy, Ortega devotes himself to ‘re-europenise’ Europe in order to get it out of the crisis. Nevertheless, he tries accomplishing this –consequence of a reform of the idea of philosophy- with a Spanish Philosophy. The idea of Philosophy in Ortega y Gasser is the reult of the end-of-the-century crisis and it is inseparable from the ideas of Spanish Philosophy and Postmodernity. As this Thesis demonstrates, using the Vital Reason is the common way of thinking in every day life, although rigorously in Science and consciously in Philosophy, this work presents systematically the idea of Philosophy in Ortega, progressing from the most superficial topics to the most core ones. After showing itself as a specifically European conquest, Philosophy is revealed as Pensamiento, Reason or Science, and Philosophy in its self, to end up standing out as Society and Language. The Thesis concludes that Ortega y Gasset`s idea of Pilosophy is the traditional idea of Philosophy, just updated and vitalized: relativized as human need, circunstancializada and put in motion. The idea of integration presides the Thesis, which is logical in Ortega’s case, author who goes beyond Modernity without resigning from it. Therefore, he is in the integrating current of Postmodernity

Journal Article
TL;DR: The Educación del principe cristiano as mentioned in this paper was escrita en 1516 by Erasmo de Rotterdam and dedicada al joven princepe Carlos V. El presente trabajo analiza las ideas politicas contenidas en dicha obra, el impacto de las mismas in el contexto del Renacimiento europeo, su trascendencia y la vigencia que tienen en nuestros tiempos.
Abstract: La Educacion del principe cristiano fue escrita en 1516 por Erasmo de Rotterdam y dedicada al joven principe Carlos V. El presente trabajo analiza las ideas politicas contenidas en dicha obra, el impacto de las mismas en el contexto del Renacimiento europeo, su trascendencia y la vigencia que tienen en nuestros tiempos. Ademas, se aborda los argumentos a favor de la paz, concepto central de la obra y proposito principal, segun el autor, de todo gobernante cristiano.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defend the forma de igualitarism and apunto algunos de sus corolarios, arguing that esta posicion objeta a the concepciones antropocentricas del valor.
Abstract: El igualitarismo axiologico defiende que una situacion mejora al menos en algun respecto si el valor que contiene es distribuido mas igualitariamente. En este articulo defiendo esta forma de igualitarismo y apunto algunos de sus corolarios. Tras considerar y rechazar la objecion de la igualacion a la baja, sostengo que del igualitarismo se sigue un cuestionamiento de la consideracion meramente maximizadota del valor de la vida. Argumento, asimismo, que esta posicion objeta a la concepciones antropocentricas del valor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The texto que nos ocupa narra una serie de historias clinicas que hunden sus raices in tiempos del Renacimiento, comparadas with las historias del periodo romantico aleman conocemos como sus redactores, medicos magnetizadores, abordan el fenomeno de la curacion de ciertas enfermedades nerviosas por via psiquica as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: El texto que nos ocupa narra una serie de historias clinicas que hunden sus raices en tiempos del Renacimiento, comparadas con las historias del periodo romantico aleman conocemos como sus redactores, medicos magnetizadores, abordan el fenomeno de la curacion de ciertas enfermedades nerviosas por via psiquica. Daemoniaca reescribe "dolorosas experiencias humanas narradas a menudo por testigos presenciales, y en ocasiones de la manera mas pormenorizada" (p. 10). Son testimonios sorprendentes, antologias de vidas complicadas por el fenomeno morboso que conduce al deterioro del cuerpo y de la mente. Un compendio de historias de demonios en el que se pretende mostrar una antropologia integral, mucho mas que medicina, magnetismo animal, folclore y religion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors put forward Heidegger's criticism of Rousseau's idea of the Social-Contract and showed how it leads the German thinker to affirm prevalence of facticity over universalism.
Abstract: This article puts forward Heidegger's criticism of Rousseau's idea of the Social Contract and shows how it leads the German thinker to affirm prevalence of facticity over universalism. This drift helps to explain why Heidegger fell into nationalism and why he sympathised with Nazi politics, moving away from the universalist purposes entailed by every philosophy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the primeros cursos y escritos de Heidegger intentando aclarar las razones de su progresivo alejamiento del ambito neokantiano hacia la asuncion del metodo fenomenologico.
Abstract: En este articulo queremos analizar los primeros cursos y escritos de Heidegger intentando aclarar las razones de su progresivo alejamiento del ambito neokantiano hacia la asuncion del metodo fenomenologico. Dedicaremos especial importancia a la comparacion con la obra de Emil Lask, pensador fundamental para la genesis de la filosofia heideggeriana. El punto de llegada de nuestro recorrido sera el esbozo del porque Heidegger considera necesario un planteamiento hermeneutico de la fenomenologia.