Showing papers in "Revista do Direito Público in 2014"

Da precarização do trabalho docente no Brasil e o processo de reestruturação produtiva

Abstract: Na historia do constitucionalismo Brasileiro nao havia indicios de valorizacao do profissional docente. Porem, com o advento da Constituicao Federal de 1998, bem como na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educacao, em 1996, foi contemplado nos seus textos os principios e as normas para a valorizacao dos professores. Em um Estado Democratico de Direito, o fundamento da preservacao e promocao da dignidade da pessoa humana possui carater absoluto, sendo que desta forma deve abranger o ambiente laboral como forma de consolidar a dignidade da pessoa quando do exercicio do seu trabalho. O cenario educacional brasileiro, diferentemente do que propugna a legislacao de protecao ao trabalhador docente, esta impregnado pela desvalorizacao social do trabalho dos profissionais da educacao. Concluiu-se que a atividade docente tambem passa por um processo de reestruturacao produtiva, intensificado por uma ideologia de mercado que corrobora na desvalorizacao da funcao docente. Buscou-se de acordo com os principios constitucionais gerais e especificos apresentar proposicoes que tenham como objetivo garantir o valor social educacao, corroborando com a geracao de um ambiente de trabalho digno para o desenvolvimento da atividade docente.

A proteção de dados pessoais na sociedade informacional brasileira: o direito fundamental a privacidade entre a autorregulação das empresas e a regulação protetiva do internauta

Abstract: Este artigo expoe a tematica da protecao de dados pessoais no atual contexto brasileiro, que em sua Constituicao preve a privacidade como direito fundamental a ser protegido, entretanto, no que se refere aos dados pessoais inseridos na Internet, o pais ainda apresenta-se pautado na autorregulacao, pois no presente ha um Anteprojeto de Lei para tanto. Em decorrencia dessa situacao da sociedade informacional brasileira, que se discute o nivel de protecao do internauta, que oscila entre autorregulacao – empresas – e perspectiva de regulacao – Lei. Utilizando-se dos metodos dialetico e comparativo, observaram-se ambos os contextos referidos, quanto a consideracao da informacao do internauta, ora tratada como insumo do lucrativo mercado digital, ora como elementar do direito fundamental a privacidade, devendo, em ambos os casos, ser protegido.

A democratização do sistema representativo por meio dos partidos políticos

Abstract: It is demonstrated that the political parties are indispensable to the exercise of political rights in Brazil, mainly because they are the exclusive holders of applications. Thus, the multiplication of parties is seen as a positive factor in the electoral process, as it extends the channels of participation. Under representative government, we present the different conceptions about political representation and its impact on French, American and Brazilian jurisprudence. We conclude that the political party has the potential to democratize the representative regime, because it is responsible for intercommunication between politics and civil society actor, as it gives voice to the plurality and influence. This relationship goes beyond the aggregation of individual will and widen representation beyond the traditional mechanisms.

Judicialização, ativismo e direitos fundamentais: a garantia dos pressupostos essenciais ao processo democrático pelas cortes constitucionais

Abstract: The work performed by judicial activism in preserving the dignity of the human person and for guarantee the conditions to exercising the democratic in a context of political and social judicialization and deficit of legitimacy and representativeness of democratic institutions is the subject of much debate. Investigates to what extent, how the achievement of goods and services by the Judiciary necessary for the enjoyment of a minimum core of fundamental rights is able to contribute to the protection of the general clause of the dignity of the human person and the achievement assumptions materials required to democratic debate.

Sistemas regionais de proteção aos Direito Humanos: aspectos fundamentais

Abstract: O presente ensaio apresenta como objeto de pesquisa o processo historico da internacionalizacao dos direitos humanos com enfoque nos sistemas regionais. O proposito do trabalho tambem compreende a busca de subsidios para a construcao de um novo conceito de protecao dos direitos humanos a partir das violacoes contidas nos casos contenciosos. O desenvolvimento da investigacao e capitaneado pelos elementos historicos dos direitos humanos, fundados na evolucao particular de cada sistema regional, compreendendo, deste modo, as funcoes desempenhadas por seus orgaos.

Política pública de fomento, desoneração tributária e contribuição previdenciária incidente sobre a folha de pagamento

Abstract: This paper investigates the extent to which public policy for economic development, adopted by the payroll tax relief, is able to achieve institutional goals that legitimized its creation. The aim undertake the analysis of the substituted social contributions levied on the payroll, the new regime of social security contributions replacement on gross revenue of the company and its normative design, in particular, as regards the clearance the tax relief brought by the regime, considering the existing institutional mechanism to ensure the effectiveness of this compensation, in addition to the evolution of tax breaks over time and of employment level in the economic sectors covered by the tax “benefit”.

A Constituição do Estado e da sociedade: uma análise da força normativa da Constituição brasileira de 1988

Abstract: The brazilian Constitution had its role within the amended law. Longer a Constitution which organizes State to be a constitution that regulates the life of society. Became the document that sets out the roadmap for the exercise of political power and not just limiting the exercise of that power, as in the model of liberal rule of law. However, this fact brings -fact/real- questioning the ability of the Constitution to order the life of the state, or, the ability - and even the legitimacy of the Constitution - a rule the life of future generations while guiding through normative choices that must be made by the political powers programs. This clash is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Constitution, or , the ability of the Constitution is to link policy choices and judgments through its standards . This analysis requires the recognition of historical time in which the Brazilian Constitution was designed, and what the legal and social effects arising from the option of making a Construction Manager.

A proteção da água potável enquanto bem comum da humanidade: uma leitura a partir de Vandana Shiva

Abstract: Resumo: o presente artigo trata da questao da agua, considerada esta como bem comum da humanidade e, essencialmente, como direito fundamental Para tanto, parte do que se costuma denominar como “crise da agua doce”, evidenciada a partir dos anos 90, com inumeros debates promovidos por instituicoes de ordem civis e governamentais, quer na esfera interna dos Estados, quer na sua otica mundial. Os inumeros foruns criados acerca do tema tem por intuito a busca de diretrizes, projetos e objetivos de melhoria real para a populacao, no campo do acesso a agua e ao saneamento basico. Nos ultimos anos, o debate sobre a agua tem incluido em sua pauta a possibilidade de privatizacao do recurso como uma possivel solucao para a sua crise. Para tratar do tema, sera utilizado o pensamento de Vandana Shiva com relacao a agua potavel, os conflitos regionais e internacionais gerados por sua disputa e o debate cerca da sua privatizacao.

Direito ao território: reconhecimento de direitos sociais às populações que ocupam tradicionalmente territórios de conservação da natureza

Abstract: The research part of the reflection on the Law no 9.985/2000 that established the National System of Conservation Units and regulating article 225, §1°, subsections I, II, III and VII of the Federal Constitution of 1988. In this framework, identified the set conservation units whose creation takes place by act of the Government, among which, those that do not allow the human presence, because of the preservation of nature, which implies the expropriation process that populations traditionally occupy those territories. In a literal interpretation of this device, there was a prevalence of environmental policies at the expense of traditional peoples, althought the guarantee of social rights has been established by Federal Constitution of 1988 and reinforced by Federal Decree n° 6.040/2007, which provide for rights of residence on the territory traditionally occupied. This article also included studies of concrete cases, national and international, and judicial decisions. At the end of this study it is stated that the creation of conservation units by Government based on socio-environmental conditions, other constitutional rights must be observed, recognizing that the rule is the maintenance of traditional populations over the territories they occupy.

A improbidade administrativa frente os princípios constitucionais da administração pública e sua efetividade perante a esfera eleitoral

Abstract: Based on the analysis of constitutional law , and therefore the principles of public administration against improper conduct, this article aims to analyze the applicability of the sanctions provided for in this law , as well as featuring only with its subjective element of intent , and the guilt of an exclusionary illegality on the part of the administrative act that violates the principles of legality , impersonality , morality, publicity and efficiency . To do so, the employee, methodological criteria to make this reflection lies in the hypothetical- deductive method, starting with a literature and document analysis based on specialized readings involving constitutional principles, as opposed to administrative law, and the principles of management public. Thus, after seeing that the blame should be included as a subject for a good administrative and social progress element, aims to demonstrate that this is one of the requirements for the control of misuse of administrative purpose.

Pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) e agroecologia: uma abordagem crítica à agricultura moderna

Abstract: Brazil’s rural economy has been intrinsically dependent of imported supplies, from the chemical and biotech industries In the context of corporate farming and monoculture, this research analyzes, critically, how the Brazilian government subsidizes rural practices intensely related to the use of chemical substances, under the modernization pretext After the perverse effects of the chemicals have been underlined, this article discusses the policies adopted by government in these matters, and if these policies are, indeed, protecting the environment, in light of the precaution principle, as inscribed in the Brazilian Constitution In another light, the role of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is also studied, mainly as a mechanism of development of agro-ecological practices in farming The article maintains that a systemic approach to PES is necessary for attaining environmental rationality The methodology used in this study is the bibliographic review of Law, sociology and ecology literature, and review of public documents