Showing papers in "Science & Justice in 1997"

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that it was very possible to obtain indications of a rapist's criminal antecedents from his offence behaviour, and the three most promising models were those that predicted whether or not the offender had convictions for burglary.

TL;DR: The construction of a database to hold information obtained from the laboratory analysis of items in cases of sexual assault, and the persistence of spermatozoa in relation to time since intercourse are described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the significance of textile fibres is extremely difficult to assess owing to the total lack of background information about the normal fibre population on outdoor surfaces, and the majority of the fibres were found to be cellulosic.

TL;DR: A permutation testing approach to the interpretation of evidence which consists of elemental composition measurements, with glass evidence as an example, is introduced, providing the reader with tools for evidence pre-screening that may aid in the direction of further analyses of the data.

TL;DR: A rapid method is described for the analysis of Cannabis products by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopic (APCI-MS) detection, which had a shorter analysis time than GC-MS methods, without the need for derivatization prior to analysis.

TL;DR: Organic and inorganic analyses performed on OC sprays produced by two manufacturers licensed for distribution within the state of California indicated that the differences could lead to considerable inconsistency in weapon effectiveness, and suggested that more comprehensive studies are warranted.

TL;DR: Hemp ITS2 varied very little among cultivars, but was consistently different from that of hops, which belongs to the only other genus of family Cannabinaceae.

TL;DR: The application of the likelihood ratio, derived in a Bayesian framework, to different case scenarios involving fibre evidence has permitted the authors to identify and evaluate the dominant parameters and their effect on the likelihood ratios.

TL;DR: The result showed that the chances of finding a 'collective' of target fibres on a piece of clothing selected at random can be said to be extremely remote.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the occurrence of background and crime-related fiber groups on car seats under controlled conditions, the usage of 22 selected car seats was recorded over a onemonth period before fibre transfer experiments were performed using a known donor garment to simulate the crimerelated contact, and the transferred fibres represented only a small percentage of the total number of fibres found on a seat.

TL;DR: Solid phase adsorption of headspace vapours was used to trap occluded solvent residues contained in 41 heroin and 54 cocaine samples, seized in Switzerland between 1994 and 1996, onto activated charcoal.

TL;DR: The paper describes a computer algorithm designed to compute likelihood ratios intended to assist in identification cases, largely based on ordering computations efficiently as well as splitting pedigrees, enabling handling of complex problems.

TL;DR: The CUSUM method is seen to be discredited and should not be accepted as providing reliable evidence of authorship of either the written or the spoken word.

TL;DR: Analysis of casework samples by the two methods demonstrated the advantages of CZE with diode array detection over conventional GC for amphetamine identification and quantification.

TL;DR: A new mat and flashcard tool is helping people with dementia get more involved in making decisions about their care.

TL;DR: Drug proficiency tests were surveyed in an attempt to determine the cause of false positive results, and it was demonstrated that it was not the methodology that resulted in the errors, but rather the lack of critical thought on the part of the analyst.

TL;DR: Stars from Wakefield theatre's production of Jack and the Beanstalk and Billy Blood Clot were handing out toys and sweets to children in a bid to highlight the National Blood Service's desperate need for donors.

TL;DR: It was found that fragment shape does not identify the method of acquisition and that a high proportion of fragments retaining the original outer surface shows that the glass was acquired by backward fragmentation.

TL;DR: The time taken to prepare the hair combing kits has been significantly reduced by using the comb loader described in this paper.

TL;DR: A CD-ROM multi-media package for integration into the undergraduate teaching programme in the analysis of drugs of abuse has been developed and the perceived need for the programme is described.