Showing papers in "Sensor Review in 2010"
TL;DR: In this article, the sensing mechanism, design issues, performance evaluation and applications for planar capacitive sensors are presented in the context of characterisation and imaging of a dielectric material under test (MUT), a systematic study of sensor modelling, features and design issues is needed.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the sensing mechanism, design issues, performance evaluation and applications for planar capacitive sensors. In the context of characterisation and imaging of a dielectric material under test (MUT), a systematic study of sensor modelling, features and design issues is needed. In addition, the influencing factors on sensitivity distribution, and the effect of conductivity on sensor performance need to be further studied for planar capacitive sensors.Design/methodology/approach – While analytical methods can provide accurate solutions to sensors of simple geometries, numerical modelling is preferred to obtain sensor response to different design parameters and properties of MUT, and to derive the sensitivity distributions of various electrode designs. Several important parameters have been used to evaluate the response of the sensors in different sensing modes. The designs of different planar capacitive sensor arrays are presented and experimentally evaluated...
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effect on completion of mobile-robot tasks depending on how a human teleoperator interacts with a sensor system and a mobile robot, and conclude that human operators used a joystick and either watched the robot while operating it, or sat at a computer and viewed scenes remotely on a screen.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect on completion of mobile‐robot tasks depending on how a human tele‐operator interacts with a sensor system and a mobile‐robot.Design/methodology/approach – Interaction is investigated using two mobile‐robot systems, three different ways of interacting with the robots and several different environments of increasing complexity. In each case, the operation is investigated with and without sensor systems to assist an operator to move a robot through narrower and narrower gaps and in completing progressively more complicated driving tasks. Tele‐operators used a joystick and either watched the robot while operating it, or sat at a computer and viewed scenes remotely on a screen. Cameras are either mounted on the robot to view the space ahead of the robot or mounted remotely so that they viewed both the environment and robot. Every test is compared with sensor systems engaged and with them disconnected.Findings – A main conclusion is that human tel...
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low-cost measuring system based on binocular vision sensor is developed to detect both the weld pool geometry and root gap simultaneously for robot welding process. But the results show that the results are limited.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a kind of low cost measuring system based on binocular vision sensor to detect both the weld pool geometry and root gap simultaneously for robot welding process.Design/methodology/approach – Two normal charge coupled device cameras are used for capturing clear images from two directions; one of them is used to measure the root gap and another one is used to measure the geometric parameters of the weld pool. Efforts are made from both hardware and software aspects to decrease the strong interferences in pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process, so that clear and steady images can be obtained. The grey level distribution characteristics of root gap edge and weld pool edge in images are analyzed and utilized for developing the image processing algorithms.Findings – A solid foundation for seam tracking and penetration control of robot welding process can be established based on the binocular vision sensor.Practical implications – The results show that the algor...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a kind of piezoresistive micro-pressure sensor with a cross-beam membrane (CBM) structure is designed based on the silicon substrate and analyzed the stress distribution of the new structure by finite element method, the model of structure is established and compared with traditional structures.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the disadvantages of traditional sensors and establish a new structure for pressure measurement.Design/methodology/approach – A kind of novel piezoresistive micro‐pressure sensor with a cross‐beam membrane (CBM) structure is designed based on the silicon substrate. Through analyzing the stress distribution of the new structure by finite element method, the model of structure is established and compared with traditional structures. The fabrication is operated on silicon wafer, which applies the technology of anisotropy chemical etching and inductively coupled plasma.Findings – Compared to the traditional C‐ and E‐type structures, this new CBM structure has the advantages of low nonlinearity and high sensitivities by the cross‐beam on the membrane, which cause the stress is more concentrated in sensitive area and the deflections that relate to the linearity are decreased.Originality/value – The paper provides the first empirical reports on the new piezor...
32 citations
TL;DR: Printed strain gauges, thermopiles and gas sensitive films are successfully fabricated with maskless deposition technologies, offering advantages for continuous non‐destructive measurement compared to conventional sensors.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight INKtelligent printed sensor structures using maskless depositition technologies.Design/methodology/approach – This paper begins with a general introduction to INKtelligent printing®. Starting with layout and ink development, the fabrication of printed sensors is described in detail.Findings – Printed strain gauges, thermopiles and gas sensitive films are successfully fabricated with maskless deposition technologies, offering advantages for continuous non‐destructive measurement compared to conventional sensors.Originality/value – This paper shows a new approach for customized sensor structures. The application of a resource efficient and flexible printing technique for sensor fabrication is demonstrated.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a technical review of new and emerging power sources and their application to sensors, including battery, betavoltaic and supercapacitor technologies.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to provide a technical review of new and emerging power sources and their application to sensors.Design/methodology/approach – This paper comprises two parts. Following an introduction, this first part considers research and recent developments in battery, betavoltaic and supercapacitor technologies.Findings – It is shown that these technologies are the topic of a major research effort. This aims to improve many operational features, including faster recharge times, increased power and energy densities and enhanced cycling performance. Supercapacitors offer prospects to replace rechargeable batteries in certain applications.Originality/value – This paper provides a technical insight into the latest power source developments with relevance to sensors.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new set of image processing algorithms is adopted to extract feature points by using the pattern of rough location and subtle extraction, so as to restructure three-dimensional information to guide robot move to IWP in the practical welding environment.
Abstract: Purpose – Recognition and guidance of initial welding position (IWP) is one of the most important steps of automatic welding process, also a key technology of autonomous welding process. The purpose of this paper is to advance an improved Harris Algorithm and grey scale scanning method (GSCM) to raise the precision of image processing.Design/methodology/approach – Through the configuration of “single camera and double positions,” a new set of image processing algorithms is adopted to extract feature points by using the pattern of rough location and subtle extraction, so as to restructure three‐dimensional information to guide robot move to IWP in the practical welding environment.Findings – Experiments showed that mean square errors (MSEs) in X, Y, Z‐directions for both flat butt joint and flat flange are 0.4491, 0.8178, 1.4797, and 0.5398, 0.4861, 1.1071 mm, respectively.Research limitations/implications – It has a limitation in providing guidance for only one step, and would be more accurate if fraction...
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fast convergence Kalman filter algorithm based on covariance matrix computation for rapid sensor fault detection is proposed for nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of a spacecraft and the effects of the sensor failures using a bank of Kalman filters is investigated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to present an approach to detect and isolate the sensor failures, using a bank of extended Kalman filters (EKF) using an innovative initialization of covariance matrix using system dynamics.Design/methodology/approach – The EKF is developed for nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of a spacecraft and the effects of the sensor failures using a bank of Kalman filters is investigated. The approach is to develop a fast convergence Kalman filter algorithm based on covariance matrix computation for rapid sensor fault detection. The proposed nonlinear filter has been tested and compared with the classical Kalman filter schemes via simulations performed on the model of a space vehicle; this simulation activity has shown the benefits of the novel approach.Findings – In the simulations, the rotational dynamics of a spacecraft dynamic model are considered, and the sensor failures are detected and isolated.Research limitations/implications – A novel fast convergence Kalman filter ...
21 citations
TL;DR: The basic principles of inductive position sensors are outlined, and it is shown that concentrating on high volume applications in market sectors such as automotive, user interfaces, and utility metering, where the low cost of these sensors and their moderate accuracy offers an attractive price/performance ratio.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the basic principles of inductive position sensors.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explains one company's advances in inductive position technology in detail, together with some of the applications for which they are now suitable.Findings – It is shown that concentrating on high volume applications in market sectors such as automotive, user interfaces, and utility metering, where the low cost of these sensors and their moderate accuracy (typically<1 percent of full scale) offers an attractive price/performance ratio.Originality/value – An original and useful contribution direct from an international technology consulting, product development, and intellectual property [IP] licensing organisation with a reputation for successfully commercialising emerging science and technology. Which, for more than a decade, has made innovations in inductive position sensors and developed application‐specific sensor systems.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of 3D measurement technologies and their applications is presented, which includes both active and passive techniques to conduct 3D measurements, such as time of flight, triangulation and phase measurements.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of three‐dimensional (3D) measurement technologies and their applications.Design/methodology/approach – This paper first describes 3D measuring techniques and then considers a selection of key applications, citing a number of specific examples. Reference is also made to certain new developments and research activities.Findings – It is shown that both active and passive techniques are used to conduct 3D measurements. The former includes various forms of laser scanning such as time of flight, triangulation and phase measurements and photogrammetry is the main passive method. Laser‐based Doppler shift techniques are used to monitor dynamic phenomena, notably vibration, in three dimensions. These methods are used across a diversity of industries and disciplines in a wide and varied range of applications.Originality/value – The paper provides a technical review of the leading 3D measurement technologies and their uses.
20 citations
TL;DR: A generic framework based on the colour and the texture features for colour‐textured image segmentation that can be applied to any real‐world applications for appropriate interpretation is proposed.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a generic framework based on the colour and the texture features for colour‐textured image segmentation. The framework can be applied to any real‐world applications for appropriate interpretation.Design/methodology/approach – The framework derives the contributions of colour and texture in image segmentation. Local binary pattern and an unsupervised k‐means clustering are used to cluster pixels in the chrominance plane. An unsupervised segmentation method is adopted. A quantitative estimation of colour and texture performance in segmentation is presented. The proposed method is tested using different mosaic and natural images and other image database used in computer vision. The framework is applied to three different applications namely, Irish script on screen images, skin cancer images and sediment profile imagery to demonstrate the robustness of the framework.Findings – The inclusion of colour and texture as distributions of regions provided a good disc...
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent developments in wireless sensing technologies, products and applications is presented, where the authors discuss the research efforts aimed at yielding battery-free devices and consider a range of products, developments and applications.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in wireless‐sensing technologies, products and applications.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes wireless sensor technologies, discusses the research efforts aimed at yielding battery‐free devices and considers a range of products, developments and applications.Findings – The paper shows that emerging families of wireless sensors are being used in a wide range of applications in many industries. These include process control, condition and structural monitoring, energy management, automotive safety, healthcare and security. Major efforts are underway to develop battery‐free devices based on energy‐harvesting and other techniques.Originality/value – The paper provides a technical review of the rapidly developing field of wireless‐sensing technology.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method was used to obtain better response, selectivity and fast response and recovery from nanocrystalline ZnO-based gas sensors as compared to conventional materials.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how to obtain better response, selectivity and fast response and recovery from nanocrystalline ZnO‐based gas sensors as compared to conventional materials.Design/methodology/approach – Nanocrystalline ZnO powders were prepared from the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Aqueous solution of zinc acetate was atomized using ultrasonic atomizer. The aerosol generated was fed to the reaction furnace for pyrolysis. Nanocrystalline ZnO crystallites were collected using simple but novel trapping system. Thick film resistors of this powder were fabricated using screen printing technique.Findings – As‐prepared powder was studied using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to know structure, size of nanocrystallites and microtopography, respectively. Absorption spectroscopy is used to determine the band gap energy. The gas‐sensing performance of this film was tested.Originality/value – The sensor was found to be the most se...
TL;DR: The design, analysis, fabrication, and assembly of four tooth annular microfabricated tactile sensors integrated with the upper and lower jaws of an endoscopic surgical grasper tool are presented in order to determine the properties and particularly the compliance of the biological tissues during minimally invasive surgery.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the design, analysis, fabrication, and assembly of four tooth annular microfabricated tactile sensors integrated with the upper and lower jaws of an endoscopic surgical grasper tool, in order to determine the properties and particularly the compliance of the biological tissues during minimally invasive surgery.Design/methodology/approach – A viscoelastic Kelvin model is employed for tissue characterization. A comprehensive closed form and finite element analysis has been carried out to express the relationship between the force ratio, compliance, and the equivalent viscous damping of the tissue. The designed sensor uses a polyvinyledene fluoride film as its sensing element. The sensor consists of arrays of rigid and compliant elements which are mounted on the tip of an endoscopic surgical grasper tool. Relative force between adjacent parts of the contact object is used to measure the viscoelastic properties.Findings – The tactile sensor is able to characte...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed multisensory integration for train positioning application, to support recent automatic train control systems and also moving block signaling systems, and evaluated two different algorithms of Kalman filtering (KF) and particle filtering (PF) on a set of low cost positioning systems, as tachometers, Doppler radar and balises.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose multisensory integration for train positioning application, to support recent automatic train control systems and also moving block signaling systems.Design/methodology/approach – Reducing the cost and at the same time improving the reliability and accuracy of the overall positioning system, are primary goals of the researches going on in this field.Findings – This paper designs and evaluates two different algorithms of Kalman filtering (KF) and particle filtering (PF), on a set of low cost positioning systems, as tachometers, Doppler radar and balises.Originality/value – This paper's research outcomes introduce considerable improvements upon the results when compared to the current utilization of the stand‐alone tachometer and Doppler radar sensors, and slight improvements in comparison with the KF algorithm, and also upon results in recent publications on the subject.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a program based on three-dimensional finite element analysis to model different patterns of capacitive proximity sensors, which can be used as a development tool to optimize the structure and size of a sensor for a desired or for a given sensitivity and linearity range.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a program based on three‐dimensional finite element analysis to model different patterns of capacitive proximity sensors. This program can be used as a development tool to optimize the structure and size of a sensor for a desired or for a given sensitivity and linearity range and as a consequence to save sensor design time. A set of experiments have been conducted to test the tool capabilities for designing different sensor structures.Design/methodology/approach – Finite element analysis in ANSYS software was used to perform electrostatic field simulations and to calculate the capacitance between electrodes of a capacitive proximity sensor when a conducting target is placed in some distance from the sensor plate.Findings – Several capacitive proximity sensor structures have been designed, analyzed and tested to illustrate the accuracy of the simulated results obtained from the design tool. After design and implementation of a sensor and comparing the extra...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present electrical charge tomography, which is one of the most efficient, robust, cost-effective, and non-invasive tomographic methods of monitoring solid particles flow in a pipeline.
Abstract: Purpose – Solid particles flowing in a pipeline is a common mode of transport in industries. This is because pipeline transportation can avoid waste through spillage and minimizes the risk of handling of hazardous materials. Pharmaceutical industries, food stuff manufacturing industries, cement, and chemical industries are a few industries to exploit this transportation technique. For such industries, monitoring and controlling material flow through the pipe is an essential element to ensure efficiency and safety of the system. The purpose of this paper is to present electrical charge tomography, which is one of the most efficient, robust, cost‐effective, and non‐invasive tomographic methods of monitoring solid particles flow in a pipeline.Design/methodology/approach – Process flow data are captured by fitting an array of 16 discrete electrodynamic sensors about the circumference of the flow pipe. The captured data are processed using two tomographic algorithms to obtain tomographic images of the flow. Th...
TL;DR: A new algorithm for cluster forming in WSN based on the node energy required to transmit to the base station and the simulation results show that this algorithm allows network stability extension compared to the most known clustering algorithm.
Abstract: Purpose – Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a crucial challenge for which the goal is maximizing the system lifetime. Since the sensor nodes are with limited capabilities, these routing protocols should be simple, scalable, energy‐efficient, and robust to deal with a very large number of nodes, and also self‐configurable to node failures and changes of the network topology dynamically. The purpose of this paper is to present a new algorithm for cluster forming in WSN based on the node energy required to transmit to the base station.Design/methodology/approach – Rotation selection of cluster‐head considering the remoteness of the nodes to the sink, and the network node residual energy.Findings – The simulation results show that this algorithm allows network stability extension compared to the most known clustering algorithm.Originality/value – Giving a probability to become cluster‐head based on the remoteness of the node to the sink.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) deployment at an airport baggage handling system (BHS) and study the read-rate issues realistically.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) deployment at an airport baggage‐handling system (BHS).Design/methodology/approach – The impact of number of RFID readers at different power levels with varying conveyor (i.e. baggage‐handling conveyors) speeds on timely delivery of baggage is studied via simulation. The layout of the BHS at the Hong Kong International Airport and data pertinent to its RFID deployment in 2005 are used to build the simulation model. The RFID read logic is based on the equations defined as a function of the number of tags and the time the tags spend in the interrogation zone for each reader in order to capture possible read‐rate issues realistically.Findings – The identification capability of the BHS studied in this paper is a result of its combined ability to identify tags via RFID technology on straight and circulating conveyors, as well as at the manual recovery station for unidentified bags on circulating conveyors....
TL;DR: A new approach that resolves occlusion problems in augmented reality (AR) that can automatically obtain the proper spatial relationship between virtual and real objects in real time is proposed.
Abstract: Purpose – To make an augmented image realistic, the virtual objects should be correctly occluded by foreground objects. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach that resolves occlusion problems in augmented reality (AR). The main interest is that it can automatically obtain the proper spatial relationship between virtual and real objects in real time.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is divided into two steps: off‐line disparity map constructing and on‐line occlusion handling. In the off‐line stage, the disparity map of the real scene is constructed using the global stereo matching method prior and then the disparities are refined by means of the fast mean shift method. Since the depth values of objects in different positions are different, the real object that occludes the virtual object can be specified according to the depth value. In the on‐line stage, the contour of the specified object is tracked using the real time object tracking method with the combination of feature tracki...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a technical review of new and emerging power sources and their application to sensors, including fuel cell, energy harvesting, microgenerator and wireless power transmission technologies.
Abstract: Purpose – The paper aims to provide a technical review of new and emerging power sources and their application to sensors.Design/methodology/approach – This is the second part of a two‐part paper. Following a brief introduction, recent developments and research into fuel cell, energy harvesting, microgenerator and wireless power transmission technologies are considered.Findings – All of these technologies are the topic of a major research effort and offer prospects to power future generations of sensors. Several pose strong competition to rechargeable batteties.Originality/value – The paper provides a detailed insight into new and improved sensor power sources.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the dependence of capacitive sensing of organic vapours by porous silicon on its molecular structure for the realization of a organic vapour sensor, compatible with existing silicon technology, with desired miniaturization and selectivity.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the dependence of capacitive sensing of organic vapours by porous silicon (PS) on its molecular structure for the realization of a organic vapour sensor, compatible with existing silicon technology, with desired miniaturization and selectivity.Design/methodology/approach – The method introduces large surface area of PS obtained by electrochemically etching of silicon wafer for characterization of organic vapours through capacitive sensing.Findings – The method provides a comparative study of sensor response for organic vapour molecules of different structures and leads to an insight into the sensing mechanism.Research limitations/implications – The surface of PS has been stabilized by thermal oxidation process.Practical implications – The method is useful for the development of a simple, cost‐effective sensor for selective gas analysis.Originality/value – The result is an outcome of regular experimental work carried out to observe the capacitive sensing be...
TL;DR: In this paper, a fast convergence Kalman filter algorithm based on covariance matrix computation for rapid sensor fault detection was proposed for nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of a spacecraft and the effects of the sensor failures using a bank of Kalman filters in investigated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to present an approach to detect and isolate the sensor failures, using a bank of extended Kalman filters (EKFs) using an innovative initialization of covariance matrix using system dynamics.Design/methodology/approach – The EKF is developed for nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of a spacecraft and the effects of the sensor failures using a bank of Kalman filters in investigated. The approach is to develop fast convergence Kalman filter algorithm based on covariance matrix computation for rapid sensor fault detection. The proposed nonlinear filter has been tested and compared with the classical Kalman filter schemes via simulations performed on the model of a space vehicle; this simulation activity has shown the benefits of the novel approach.Findings – In the simulations, the rotational dynamics of a spacecraft dynamic model are considered, and the sensor failures are detected and isolated.Research limitations/implications – A novel fast convergence Kalman filter f...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a technical review of the application of quantum dot (QD) technology to sensors, following a brief introduction to QD technology, and consider recent research on QD-based physical, chemical and gas sensors.
Abstract: Purpose – The paper aims to provide a technical review of the application of quantum dot (QD) technology to sensorsDesign/methodology/approach – Following a brief introduction to QD technology, this paper considers recent research on QD‐based physical, chemical and gas sensorsFindings – This shows that QDs are being exploited in a range of experimental sensors for detecting physical variables, notably radiant/electromagnetic quantities and temperature; chemical compounds, such as metals and many species of clinical interest; and a variety of gases and vapours Prospects also exist to develop improved sources and detectors for use in optical gas sensorsResearch limitations/implications – The paper does not consider biomedical uses of QDs such as cellular imaging, bioassays and biosensorsOriginality/value – This provides a detailed insight into recent research on physical, chemical and gas sensors based on QD technology
TL;DR: The results show that spatial‐moment outperforms chain code as an edge detector and the Gaussian filter should be used to smooth curvature curve instead of smoot...
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an effective and reliable corner detection algorithm so as to extract all the desired corners successfully. In addition, the influences of edge detection method as well as smoothing technique on the overall performance of corner detection techniques are investigated.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, an effective corner detection algorithm based on subpixel edge detector and Gaussian filter is presented. First, a subpixel accuracy edge detector is used rather than a pixel accuracy edge detector to detect edges. Second, B‐splines approximation technique is used to eliminate the staircase effect of a digital curve. Third, curvature curve derived from the edges is smoothed by a Gaussian filter. Finally, statistical process control technique is applied to detect vertices.Findings – The results show that spatial‐moment outperforms chain code as an edge detector. Furthermore, the Gaussian filter should be used to smooth curvature curve instead of smoot...
TL;DR: In this article, a novel automatic identification method based on trigonometric function and polygon vector (TFPV) was proposed to identify the common shaft orbit moving direction (MD) of hydroelectric generating set.
Abstract: Purpose – Shaft orbit is an important characteristic for vibration monitoring and diagnosing system of hydroelectric generating set. Because of the low accuracy and poor reliability of traditional methods in identifying the shaft orbit moving direction (MD), the purpose of this paper is to present a novel automatic identification method based on trigonometric function and polygon vector (TFPV).Design/methodology/approach – First, some points on shaft orbit were selected with inter‐period acquisition method and joined together orderly to form a complex plane polygon. Second, by using the coordinate transformation and rotation theory, TFPV were applied comprehensively to judge the concavity or convexity of the polygon vertices. Finally, the shaft orbit MD is identified.Findings – The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the method proposed can effectively identify the common shaft orbit MD.Originality/value – In order to identity the shaft orbit MD effectively, a novel automatic identification method ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a high speed, low-cost microprocessor and ethernet controller-based DAQ in optical tomography system is presented, where the data transfer rate will be up to megabytes per seconds.
Abstract: Purpose – Owing to the high cost of data acquisition (DAQ) card in the market, the purpose of this paper is to develop a high speed, low‐cost microprocessor and ethernet controller‐based DAQ in optical tomography system.Design/methodology/approach – Microprocessor is the main core to control the sensor circuitry while ethernet controller has the responsibility of transmitting data to PC and thus insuring the reliability of data.Findings – The data transfer rate will be up to megabytes per seconds. In this optical tomography system, projection geometry combining two orthogonal and two rectilinear in one layer is modeled.Originality/value – This paper presents a new application in optical tomography.
TL;DR: This paper shows how an apparently routine engineering tool takes many different forms and tackles exciting applications in data acquisition systems.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the design and capabilities of data acquisition systems, and review various interesting applications.Design/methodology/approach – After a technical and market overview, a series of different applications is presented along with appropriate hardware and software.Findings – Data logging over an extended period helps diagnose intermittent faults. Connectivity to PCs or remote networks is now an important feature of data loggers, and sophisticated logging stations gather data automatically and control floods and fires. Some tiny devices are available for in situ food and pharmaceuticals monitoring.Originality/value – This paper shows how an apparently routine engineering tool takes many different forms and tackles exciting applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a unique X-ray source, based on field emission from a carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode and discuss its application to computer tomography (CT).
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel, nanomaterial‐based X‐ray imaging technology, developed at the University of North CarolinaDesign/methodology/approach – The paper describes a unique X‐ray source, based on field emission from a carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode and discusses its application to computer tomography (CT)Findings – CNT‐based X‐ray sources are shown to offer improved performance over conventional thermionic devices and allow the design of gantry‐free, stationary CT systems with faster scanning speeds and better image quality The field emission technology has been commercialised by Xintek and a joint venture with Siemens, XinRay Systems, aims to commercialise CT imagers based on the technologyOriginality/value – The paper describes a novel approach to the generation of X‐rays and its use in medical CT imaging systems
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze and show how to avoid the interference in infrared (IR) temperature field measurement during welding.Design/methodology/approach – First, the hardware used in this experiment is described. In this paper, these interferences are first classified into diffuse and specular reflection based on reflection model, and are restrained, respectively. Finally, IR temperature is calibrated by thermocouple.Findings – The specular reflection is the primary interference which causes high light zone. And it can be transferred out of welding seam when the IR thermography is placed perpendicularly to welding seam.Originality/value – The paper provides a new IR measure method and detailed analysis about the interferences in applying IR temperature sensing.