Showing papers in "Springer US in 2012"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the relationship between student engagement and dropout in high school, and propose a framework to measure and measure student engagement in the context of a teacher-student relationship.
Abstract: Preface S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, and C. Wylie.- SECTION I: WHAT IS STUDENT ENGAGEMENT?.- Jingle, Jangle, and Conceptual Haziness: Evolution and Future Directions of the Engagement Construct A. L. Reschly and S. L. Christenson.- Developmental Dynamics of Student Engagement, Coping, and Everyday Resilience E. A. Skinner and J. R. Pitzer.- Engagement across Developmental Periods D. Mahatmya, B. J. Lohman, J. L. Matjasko, and A. Feldman Farb.- Ethnicity and Student Engagement G. E. Bingham and L. Okagaki.- Student Engagement: What is it? Why does it matter? J. D. Finn and K. Zimmer.- Section I Commentary: So What is Student Engagement Anyway: Commentary on Section I J. Eccles and M. Wang.- SECTION II: ENGAGEMENT AS LINKED TO MOTIVATIONAL VARIABLES.- A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Student Engagement J. Reeve.- Achievement Goal Theory, Conceptualization of ability/Intelligence, and Classroom Climate E. M. Anderman and H. Patrick.- School Identification K. E. Voelkl.- Self-Efficacy as an Engaged Learner D. H. Schunk and C. A. Mullen.- A Cyclical Self-Regulatory Account of Student Engagement: Theoretical Foundations and Applications T. J. Cleary and B. J. Zimmerman.- Academic Emotions and Student Engagement R. Pekrun and L. Linnenbrink-Garcia.- Students' Interest and Engagement in Classroom Activities M. Ainley.- Section II Commentary: Motivation and Engagement: Conceptual, Operational, and Empirical Clarity A. Martin.- SECTION III: ENGAGEMENT AND CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES.- Parental Influences on Achievement Motivation and Student Engagement J. Bempechat and D. J. Shernoff.- Families as Facilitators of Student Engagement: Toward a Home-School Partnership Model J. N. Raftery, W. S. Grolnick, and E. S. Flamm.- Teacher-Student Relationships and Engagement: Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Improving the Capacity of Classroom Interactions R. C. Pianta, B. K. Hamre, and J. P. Allen.- The Role of Peer Relationships in Student Academic and Extracurricular Engagement J. Juvonen, G. Espinoza, and C. Knifsend.- Understanding Student Engagement with a Contextual Model S. Lam, B. P. H. Wong, H. Yang, Y. Liu.- Allowing Choice and Nurturing an Inner Compass: Educational Practices Supporting Students' Need for Autonomy A. Assor.- The Engaging Nature of Teaching for Competency Development R. Hipkins.- Assessment as a Context for Student Engagement S. Nichols and H. Dawson.- Section III Commentary: Socio-Cultural Contexts, Social Competence, and Engagement at School K. Wentzel.- SECTION IV: ENGAGEMENT AND STUDENT OUTCOMES.- The Relationship between Engagement and High School Dropout R. W. Rumberger and S. Rotermund.- High School Reform and Student Engagement M. H. Davis and J. M. McPartland.- The Power of Mindsets: Nurturing Engagement, Motivation, and Resilience in Students R. Brooks, S. Brooks, and S. Goldstein.- The Relations of Adolescent Student Engagement with Troubling and High-Risk Behaviors A. Griffiths, E. Lilles, M. Furlong, and J. Sidwha.- Trajectories and Patterns of Student Engagement: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study C. Wylie and E. Hodgen.- Instructional Contexts for Engagement and Achievement in Reading J. T. Guthrie, A. Wigfield, and W. You.- A Self-regulated Learning Perspective on Student Engagement C. A. Wolters and D. J. Taylor.- Classroom Strategies to Enhance Academic Engaged Time M. Gettinger and M. J. Walter.- Deep Engagement as a Complex System: Identity, Learning Power and Authentic Enquiry R. Deakin Crick.- Section IV Commentary: Outcomes of Engagement and Engagement as an Outcome: Some consensus, divergences and unanswered questions M. Janosz.- SECTION V: MEASUREMENT ISSUES, INSTRUMENTS, AND APPROACHES.- Measuring Student Engagement: The Development of a Scale for Formative Use C. W. Darr.- Systems Consultation: Developing the Assessment-to-Intervention Link with the Student Engagement Instrument J. J. Appleton.- Finding the Humanity in the Data: Understanding, Measuring & Strengthening Student Engagement E. Yazzie-Mintz and K. McCormick.- The Measurement of Student Engagement: A Comparative Analysis of Various Methods and Student Self-Report Instruments J. A. Fredricks and W. McColskey.- Issues and Methods in the Measurement of Student Engagement: Advancing the Construct through Statistical Modeling J. Betts.- Section V Commentary: Possible New Directions in the Measurement of Student Engagement K. Samuelsen.- Epilogue S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly and C. Wylie.
1,360 citations
TL;DR: The model detected the enhanced segments with 91%/92% sensitivity/specificity which is better than the 81%/85% obtained by the voxel-independent approach and the clinical impact of the model in distinguishing between enhancing and nonenhancing ileum segments in 24 Crohn’s disease patients is demonstrated.
Abstract: Diffusion-weighted MRI of the body has the potential to provide important new insights into physiological and microstructural properties. The Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) model relates the observed DW-MRI signal decay to parameters that reflect perfusivity (D∗) and its volume fraction (f), and diffusivity (D). However, the commonly used voxel-wise fitting of the IVIM model leads to parameter estimates with poor precision, which has hampered their practical usage. In this work, we increase the estimates’ precision by introducing a model of spatial homogeneity, through which we obtain estimates of model parameters for all of the voxels at once, instead of solving for each voxel independently. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient iterative solver which utilizes a model-based bootstrap estimate of the distribution of residuals and a binary graph cut to generate optimal model parameter updates. Simulation experiments show that our approach reduces the relative root mean square error of the estimated parameters by 80% for the D∗ parameter and by 50% for the f and D parameters. We demonstrated the clinical impact of our model in distinguishing between enhancing and nonenhancing ileum segments in 24 Crohn’s disease patients. Our model detected the enhanced segments with 91%/92% sensitivity/specificity which is better than the 81%/85% obtained by the voxel-independent approach.
251 citations
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of web exceptionalism from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases up to and including the year in which descriptions of “Web 2.0” began to circulate.
Abstract: Description based on online resource; title from PDF t.p. (SpringerLink; viewed July 20, 2012)
93 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that critical aspects of the phenomena of interest that help to assess the likely usefulness of ABMs are the nature of the decisions which actors make, and how their decisions relate to the spatio-temporal grain and extent of the system.
Abstract: We address the question of when the relative complicatedness of spatial agent-based models (ABMs) compared to alternative modelling approaches can be justified. The spectrum of ABM types from simple, abstract models to complicated models aspiring to realism makes a single answer impossible. Therefore we focus on identifying circumstances where the advantages of ABMs outweigh the additional effort involved. We first recall the reasons for building any model: to simplify the phenomena at hand to improve understanding. Thus, the representational detail of ABMs may not always be desirable. We suggest that critical aspects of the phenomena of interest that help us to assess the likely usefulness of ABMs are the nature of the decisions which actors make, and how their decisions relate to the spatio-temporal grain and extent of the system. More specifically, the heterogeneity of the decision-making context of actors, the importance of interaction effects, and the overall size and organization of the system must be considered. We conclude by suggesting that there are good grounds based on our discussion for ABMs to become a widely used approach in understanding many spatial systems.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of preferred customer status, i.e., a buyer is awarded preferential treatment by its key suppliers when compared to the supplier's other customers.
Abstract: In the situation of an increase of the role of suppliers, for instance in innovation processes and a scarcity of suppliers, buying firms find themselves in competition for the benevolence of suppliers. In this conference contribution, we introduce the concept of preferred customer status, i.e. a buyer is awarded preferential treatment by its key suppliers when compared to the supplier’s other customers. As there is a lack of knowledge of what motivates suppliers to treat certain buyers better than others, our research focuses on the suppliers’ evaluation of customers and how it can be influenced by buyers. Based on social exchange theory, we propose a conceptual model that contains customer attractiveness, supplier satisfaction and knowledge of alternative customers as factors influencing suppliers to award preferred customer status to a certain customer. Besides, based on a novel World-Cafe method, we show what practices CPOs and consultants experience to be important in increasing attractiveness of customers and satisfaction of suppliers. We conclude by suggesting future research directions in this field.
42 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A review of the European literature on freight transport models that operate at the national or international level and have been developed since 2004 is provided in this paper, where the introduction of elements of logistics thinking is identified as a common theme in recently developed models, and ideas on what might be the next key developments in freight transport modelling are presented.
Abstract: The past decade has seen many new freight transport models for use in transport planning by public authorities. Some of these models have developed new concepts, such as logistics modules, inclusion of transshipments, storage and sourcing and the determination of shipment size. This paper provides a review of the European literature on freight transport models that operate at the national or international level and have been developed since 2004. The introduction of elements of logistics thinking is identified as a common theme in recently developed models, and further worked out. Furthermore, ideas on what might be the next key developments in freight transport modelling are presented.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the biological and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries in the United States were modeled for the coterminous U.S. using a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increased greenhouse gases (GHGs).
Abstract: We estimated the biological and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries in the United States (U.S.). Changes in stream temperatures, flows, and the spatial extent of suitable thermal habitats for fish guilds were modeled for the coterminous U.S. using a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increased greenhouse gases (GHGs). Based on modeled shifts in available thermal habitat for fish guilds, we estimated potential economic impacts associated with changes in freshwater recreational fishing using a national-scale economic model of recreational fishing behavior. In general, the spatial distribution of coldwater fisheries is projected to contract, being replaced by warm/cool water and high-thermally tolerant, lower recreational priority (i.e., “rough”) fisheries. Changes in thermal habitat suitability become more pronounced under higher emissions scenarios and at later time periods. Under the highest GHG emissions scenario, by year 2100 habitat for coldwater fisheries is projected to decline by roughly 50 % and be largely confined to mountainous areas in the western U.S. and very limited areas of New England and the Appalachians. The economic model projects a decline in coldwater fishing days ranging from 1.25 million in 2030 to 6.42 million by 2100 and that the total present value of national economic losses to freshwater recreational fishing from 2009 to 2100 could range from $81 million to $6.4 billion, depending on the emissions scenario and the choice of discount rate.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the diversity of the transition to adulthood and the significance of this variation for early adult well-being, the circumstances and consequences of parental support during this period, psychological vulnerability during the transition, and institutional changes to facilitate youth's transition from school to work.
Abstract: This chapter addresses the diversity of the transition to adulthood and the significance of this variation for early adult well-being; the circumstances and consequences of parental support during this period; psychological vulnerability during the transition to adulthood; and finally, institutional changes to facilitate youth’s transition from school to work. Recent findings are reported from the Youth Development Study, a longitudinal prospective study of a community sample of 9th graders, followed through their mid-thirties. These findings suggest that pathways of transition to adulthood that reflect the timing and sequencing of role configurations marking adult status influence both health and socioeconomic attainment; that parental financial and residential support provides critical scaffolds and safety nets as youth navigate the increasingly prolonged transition to adulthood; and that unemployment, and the ensuing financial dependence it brings, can threaten youth’s self-efficacy. The considerable work-related difficulties faced by young people who start, but do not finish, college indicates the need for both greater support to help students complete 4-year college degrees and the upgrading of community college and vocational certification programs to encourage more youth to enter these institutions and obtain these alternative credentials.
TL;DR: The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT as discussed by the authors, and they are subject to change without notice. All prices exclusive of carriage charges.
Abstract: The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. W.-Y. Chen, J. Seiner, T. Suzuki, M. Lackner (Eds.) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation
TL;DR: In this article, the main principles involved in the design of this range of models are articulated, providing an account of the current state of the art as well as future research challenges.
Abstract: In this book, the main principles involved in the design of this range of models are articulated, providing an account of the current state of the art as well as future research challenges.
TL;DR: It is possible that the same mechanisms, which enable human cells to sense and to cope with mechanical stress, are potentially dangerous in microgravity.
Abstract: Sensitivity of the human immune system to microgravity has been supposed since the first Apollo missions and was demonstrated during several space missions in the past. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cells of the immune system are exceptionally sensitive to microgravity. Therefore, serious concerns arose whether spaceflight-associated immune system weakening ultimately precludes the expansion of human presence beyond Earth’s orbit. In human cells, gravitational forces may be sensed by an individual cell in the context of altered extracellular matrix mechanics, cell shape, cytoskeletal organization, or internal prestress in the cell–tissue matrix. The development of cellular mechanosensitivity and signal transduction was probably an evolutionary requirement to enable our cells to sense their individual microenvironment. Therefore it is possible that the same mechanisms, which enable human cells to sense and to cope with mechanical stress, are potentially dangerous in microgravity.
TL;DR: The case studies in service innovation as mentioned in this paper provides the reader fresh insight into how innovation occurs in practice, and stimulates learning from one context to another, also addressing how success was measured, what success has been achieved to date and providing links to further information.
Abstract: Case Studies in Service Innovation provides the reader fresh insight into how innovation occurs in practice, and stimulates learning from one context to another. The volume brings together contributions from researchers and practitioners in a celebration of achievements with the intention of adding to the wider understanding of how service innovation develops. Each case presents a brief description of the context in which the innovation occurred, the opportunity that led to the innovation and an overview of the innovation itself, also addressing how success was measured, what success has been achieved to date and providing links to further information. The book is organized around five major themes, each reflecting recognized sources of service innovation: Business Model Innovation: new ways of creating, delivering or capturing economic, social, environmental and other types of value; The Organization in its Environment: an organization engaging beyond its own boundaries, with public private partnerships, sourcing knowledge externally, innovation networks, and open or distributed innovation; Innovation Management within an Organization: an organization actively encouraging innovation within its own boundaries using project teams, internal governance of innovation, and methods or tools that stimulate innovation; Process Innovation: changes in service design and delivery processes, such as consumer led innovation or consumers as part of the innovation process, service operations management, and educational processes; Technology Innovation: the use of technology, including ICT enabled innovation, ICTs that are themselves innovative and support the delivery of new services, new ICT services, new ways of delivering services associated with ICT products, and technology other than ICT. The final part of the book is given to four extended cases allowing for a more in-depth treatment of innovation within a complex service system. The extended cases also illustrate two important and growing trends, firstly the need for, and benefits of, a more customer centric approach to service innovation and secondly the need for better understanding of public services and the role of public-private partnerships in identifying and achieving innovation.
TL;DR: The adoption of PIAs in the UK is a recent development and can be seen as indicative of a disenchantment amongst some regulators, with the largely reactive approach to regulation adopted by the EU Data Protection Directive and the national legislation which implements it.
Abstract: The adoption of PIAs in the UK is a recent development. Both it, and related initiatives such as “privacy by design”, pioneered by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner, Ann Cavoukian1 (discussed further below), can be seen as indicative of a disenchantment amongst some regulators, including the UK’s national data protection regulator, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), with the largely reactive approach to regulation adopted by the EU Data Protection Directive and the national legislation which implements it.
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on culture as a parameter for successful agent interactions and starts with an attempt of grasping what is meant by this multiply defined notion and analyses in detail how culture influences the expression of multimodal behavior in agents.
Abstract: Agent based interaction in the form of Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) has matured over the last decade and agents have become more and more sophisticated in terms of their verbal and nonverbal behavior like facial expressions or gestures. Having such “natural” communication channels available for expressing not only task-relevant but also socially and psychologically relevant information makes it necessary to take influences into account that are not readily implemented like emotions or cultural heuristics. These influences have a huge impact on the success of an interaction but are often neither consciously generated nor consciously interpreted. In this chapter, we focus on culture as a parameter for successful agent interactions and start with an attempt of grasping what is meant by this multiply defined notion. For the remainder of the chapter, we analyze in detail how culture influences the expression of multimodal behavior in agents.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper analyzes lattice-based high-dimensional Gaussian filtering algorithms, and gives a rigorous exposition of the properties of the permutohedral lattice and argues that it is the optimal lattice forGaussian filtering.
Abstract: High-dimensional Gaussian filtering is a popular technique in image processing, geometry processing and computer graphics for smoothing data while preserving important features. For instance, the bilateral filter, cross bilateral filter and non-local means filter fall under the broad umbrella of high-dimensional Gaussian filters. Recent algorithmic advances therein have demonstrated that by relying on a sampled representation of the underlying space, one can obtain speed-ups of orders of magnitude over the naive approach. The simplest such sampled representation is a lattice, and it has been used successfully in the bilateral grid and the permutohedral lattice algorithms. In this paper, we analyze these lattice-based algorithms, developing a general theory of lattice-based high-dimensional Gaussian filtering. We consider the set of criteria for an optimal lattice for filtering, as it offers a good tradeoff of quality for computational efficiency, and evaluate the existing lattices under the criteria. In particular, we give a rigorous exposition of the properties of the permutohedral lattice and argue that it is the optimal lattice for Gaussian filtering. Lastly, we explore further uses of the permutohedral-lattice-based Gaussian filtering framework, showing that it can be easily adapted to perform mean shift filtering and yield improvement over the traditional approach based on a Cartesian grid.
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of time series analysis and prediction of multi-dimensional signals in geodesy and theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames.
Abstract: 1. Geodetic sensor systems and sensor networks.- 2. Estimation and filtering theory, inverse problems.- 3. Time series analysis and prediction of multi-dimensional signals in geodesy.- 4. Geodetic boundary value problems and cm-geoid computational methods.- 5. Satellite gravity theory.- 6. Earth oriented space techniques and their benefit for Earth system studies.- 7. Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames.- 8. Temporal variations of deformation and gravity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine Detroit techno music production by utilizing the lenses of Martin Luther King's Beloved Community and community-based proposals for rebuilding Detroit, which recognize that large-scale industrial production will not be coming back to the city.
Abstract: This chapter examine Detroit techno music production by utilizing the lenses of Martin Luther King’s Beloved Community and community-based proposals for rebuilding Detroit, which recognize that large-scale industrial production will not be coming back to the city. In light of the limited opportunities in the formal economy for city youth, the threat of illegal drugs and alcohol, and the defunding of arts programs in the public schools, Detroit’s techno community has been active in fostering the next generation of musicians while producing a critical alternative to mainstream urban music that glorifies violence and programs failure. To ensure the future for such young musicians by protecting the Detroit techno brand, Detroit’s techno community has also worked to emphasize Detroit both as the place where techno was born but also as a current creative force in the music. Detroit’s globally recognized techno musical production highlights a creative and mutually supportive community that has long been part of the city that has inspired its artists, even as Detroit and Michigan have largely overlooked them in favor of initiatives aimed at attracting footloose creative workers.
TL;DR: Emerging technologies are revolutionizing therapies for patients with end-stage heart disease, but continued efforts are needed to develop curative and preventive therapies for this pervasive disease.
Abstract: Emerging technologies are revolutionizing therapies for patients with end-stage heart disease. While these technologies improve the quality of life for our patients, continued efforts are needed to develop curative and preventive therapies for this pervasive disease. A frequently cited quote from C. Walton Lillehei, MD, provides hope for our future, “What mankind can dream, research and technology can achieve.”