Showing papers in "The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences in 2022"
TL;DR: According to morphological, cultural and biochemical properties, the studied strains are related to typical members of the Comamonadaceae family, they are motile gram-negative rods, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic and resistant to high hexachlorobenzene concentrations.
Abstract: Based on the analysing phenotypic and genotypic properties, the taxonomic position of isolates # 46 and # 47 was established and assigned to the species Comamonas testosteronі UCM B-400 and UCM B-401. Isolates were selected from the soil with organochlorine wastes landfill of chemical enterprises in Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine. The strains are resistant to high hexachlorobenzene concentrations. According to morphological, cultural and biochemical properties, the studied strains are related to typical members of the Comamonadaceae family, they are motile gram-negative rods, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with a carbon chain length from C10 to C18 were found in composition of cellular lipids. The qualitative and quantitative composition of marker hydroxy acids, namely: 2 hydroxyhexadecane (C16: 0 2OH) and 3 hydroxydecane (C10: 0 3OH) in the lipids of the strains ranged from 2-5%, which corresponded to their content in the representatives of the Comamonas genus. Phylogenetic analysing the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the affinity of isolates # 46 (97.77%) and # 47 (98.05%) with a similar nucleotide sequence of a typical strain of Comamonas testosteroni LMG 1800. The 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences of Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400 and UCM B-401 were placed in GenBank under the numbers SUB9376895 Comamonas_testosteroni_46 MW861636 and SUB9376895 Comamonas_testosteroni_47 MW861637.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a starch-based coatings with and without the addition of ethanolic propolis extract (MS) and uncoated samples, used as control (MC), were used to prolong the shelf life of strawberries.
Abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is a non-climacteric fruit, widely consumed in several countries, but is extremely sensitive and susceptible to mechanical damage during harvest, transport, and storage, reducing the shelf life. In order to prolong the shelf life of this product, edible starch-based coatings were developed, with propolis extract (MSP) and without the addition of ethanolic propolis extract (MS) and uncoated samples, used as control (MC). All samples were stored under isothermal conditions (4 °C ± 0.5 °C), for 10 days. Physicochemical analyzes (pH, mass variation, vitamin C, color, and phenolic compounds) were carried out to characterize and identify the coating efficiency in the conservation of strawberries. The formulations of the coatings with and without the addition of propolis had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the variation of fruit weight. The propolis coating showed greater stability in the vitamin C content and pH levels, up to the 10th day of cold storage, in comparison to the samples with starch coating and the control. The treatments (MS, MSP, and MC) did not significantly influence (p > 0.05) the color and the content of total polyphenols.
4 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the fermented rice gruel an indigenous food which can be developed as functional food in future.
Abstract: Fermented foods prepared traditionally involves natural fermentation by numerous beneficial bacteria. The scientific evidence for the presence of specific probiotic strains in fermented rice gruel is lacking. The objective of our study is to identify the lactic acid bacteria involved in the fermentation of rice gruel and to evaluate their probiotic characteristics. From the fermented rice gruel, Pediococcus pentosaceus strain PRK1 (MT019527) and Lactobacillus plantarum strain PRK7 (MT022517) and Lactobacillus plantarum strain PRK11 (MT022576) were identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and their sequence was submitted to NCBI. The invitro probiotic characterization methods like autoaggregation, co-aggregation, tolerance to acidic pH, bile, Nacl, antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and safety assessment were analyzed in this study. The evaluated invitro probiotic properties of the isolates were tolerance to pH 2; autoaggregation is 91%, 83 %, and 89%; co-aggregation is 36.1%, 37.1%, and 42.5%; the percentage of suppression at 0.3% of bile is 88%, 86.5%, and 81.3% and tolerance to 4% of NaCl. The isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against the clinical pathogens E. coli, P. aeroginosa, Proteus sp., K. pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., S. aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium, and S. epidermidis. The safety assessment of the isolates exhibits no hemolytic activity and it is also sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics. Further, nutrition profiling of fermented rice gruel shows increase in micronutrients and the presence of vitamin B9 and B12. Hence, this study provides evidence for the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the fermented rice gruel an indigenous food which can be developed as functional food in future.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide a brief overview of available data about artisanal dairy products preparation, and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of these traditional fermented dairy products, including Lben, Rayeb, Zebda beldiya, Smen, and Jben.
Abstract: Milk is an important source of energy and a wide range of vital nutrients, but can also harbor a variety of microorganisms that can be important sources of foodborne diseases. Storage conditions and poor processing of raw milk can lead to spoilage and reduced food safety. Indeed, the role of milk fermentation is to mitigate the impact of these conditions by enhancing shelf life and food safety.
Traditional fermented dairy products are widely distributed in Morocco and rely on product specific microbiota responsible for texture, aroma and flavor. Therefore, the knowledge of indigenous microbiota of Moroccan raw milk and fermented dairy products can be of great interest in preservation of Moroccan traditional dairy products. The traditional dairy products included in this review are Lben (a fermented milk), Rayeb (a coagulated fermented milk), Zebda beldiya (a raw fresh butter), Smen (a fermented butter), and Jben (a fresh cheese). Other products were referred as Lfrik (a fermented camel milk) and Klila (a hard cheese).
Little information is available on the general characteristics and processing practices of these traditional fermented dairy products. Therefore, this review will provide a brief overview of available data about artisanal dairy products preparation, and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the antimutagenic effect of honey and its correlation with the concentration of the total polyphenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the antimutagenic effect of honey and its correlation with the concentration of the total polyphenolic content. Seven honey samples were collected from different regions of Algeria. The total polyphenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. The antimutagenic effect was carried out by the AMES Salmonella/ microsome mutagenicity assay against three known mutagenic substances (4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, and mitomycin C), using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains.
The results obtained revealed that Algerian honey contains high polyphenol content, which varied significantly between 38.04 and 286.28 µg of GAE/100 mg of honey. This variation is due to their different botanical and regional origins. In addition, all tested honey exhibited an antimutagenic effect against mutagenic substances; honey is effective to inhibit between 29.18±11.11 % and 73.14±11.14 % of mutagenic activity of chemical substances. There is a strong positive correlation between the total polyphenolic content and the antimutagenic proprieties of honey against the mutagenic substances.
The results obtained suggest that honey is effective as an antimutagenic agent; it can play an important role in the protection of the mutagenic effect of DNA caused by chemical substances.
3 citations
TL;DR: The detected polymorphism of GnRHR gene exon-2 may be useful in marker-assisted selection for growth traits in Awassi and Karakul breeds, which confirm the potential usefulness of this gene in marker -assisted selection in sheep.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the association of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) gene with growth traits in Awassi (n= 123) and Karakul (n= 78) sheep. Starting from the birth-day to 12 months of age, several growth traits were investigated, namely body weight and length, wither and rump height, chest, and abdominal circumferences. Four fragments were designed to amplify three exons of GnRHR gene, P1 and P2 for exon 1, P3 for exon 2, and P4 for exon 3. The polymorphisms in these amplicons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method. Genotypic and allele frequency of GnRHR gene were computed after sequence alignment. The results detected two different SSCP banding patterns GG and GA for both P2 and P3 amplicons, and two novel mutations were observed in GA genotype of P2 and P3 amplicons respectively, p.N87= and p.L242F. The identified p.N87= exhibited no relationship with all measured growth traits, while p.L242F showed significant association with the body weight, length, and abdominal circumference in month-6 and month-9. This association was increasingly observed in month-12 with all growth traits, in which individuals with GA genotype exhibited higher growth traits measurements than individuals with GG genotype (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the detected polymorphism of GnRHR gene exon-2 may be useful in marker-assisted selection for growth traits in Awassi and Karakul breeds. This study is the first one to describe the effect of GnRHR polymorphisms on growth traits, which confirm the potential usefulness of this gene in marker-assisted selection in sheep.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the antioxidant, antibacterial properties and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) of Lavandula multifida (LM) at the flowering stage collected in northwestern Morocco were determined by GC-MS-FID.
Abstract: This work aims to determine the antioxidant, antibacterial properties and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) of Lavandula multifida (LM) at the flowering stage collected in northwestern Morocco. So far, information on essential oils of L. multifida remains limited. The extraction yield of the essential oil was 0.46%. The composition was determined by GC-MS-FID. Twenty compounds were identified and the major phytochemicals were carvacrol, ß-bisabolene, and careophyllene oxide (44.3%, 31.9%, and 5.8% respectively). In addition, information on the essential oil of L. multifida collected in the Rabat region is reported for the first time in this study. DPPH and FRAP tests were used to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activities were also studied. Indeed, the essential oil of L. multifida exhibited inhibition effects on the growth of various microorganisms, including S. aureus where the MIC and MBC were equal to 0.5 and 2μg/ml, respectively. Therefore, the use of Lavandula multifida essential oil shows great promise in various fields.
3 citations
TL;DR: Activity of the NPs-bound antimicrobial compounds was more evident against bacteria than fungi, Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and against B. cereus than S. aureus.
Abstract: The present study aims to search for a nano-delivery system that enables access of antimicrobial compounds to the targeting site of the microbial pathogens. To achieve this objective, the antimicrobial compounds extracted from the local isolate Streptomyces rimosus were loaded on chitosan (CS) and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs) to facilitate drug delivery to some species of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC6633) and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231. The best incubation period for the production of antifungal and antibacterial compounds, pH, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources were around the third day, 7.0, 30°C, starch and potassium nitrate, respectively. The extracted compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which revealed to the identification of nine antimicrobial organic acids. The prepared NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta potential analyser. Results showed those chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were spherical shaped NPs with an average size ≈22 ± 2 nm. The CSNPs loaded with the antimicrobial molecule’s diameter was ranged from 55 upto 100 nm. Calcium phosphates nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were also spherical shaped NPs with diameter range from 70 to 95 nm. Loading of antimicrobial compounds onto CaPNPs made them appeared in rod shape with width varying from 14 to 27 nm and length from 274 to 397 nm. The synthesized NPs showed negative values confirming their high dispersity and long-term stability. The tested strains were resistant to solo NPs; but the loaded NPs with the extracted antimicrobial compounds, particularly the CaPNPs, augmented the potency of the isolated antimicrobial compounds, with emergence of differential antimicrobial activity. The activity of the NPs-bound antimicrobial compounds was more evident against bacteria than fungi, Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and against B. cereus than S. aureus.
3 citations
TL;DR: The results varied according to raw material, ingredients, starter culture types, and process as mentioned in this paper , and the effects of these variables and provided an assessment of the types of BAs measurement methods and the advantages and disadvantages in accordance with the latest published articles.
Abstract: Biogenic amines (BAs) importance in food safety and nutrition is generally recognized. Many efforts have been made to control or reduce them to legally permitted levels. The results varied according to raw material, ingredients, starter culture types, and process. So different methods have been developed for biogenic amines detection are varied from advanced device methods such as chromatographic based methods to electrophoretic based and simplified sensor methods. This article aims to review the effects of these variables and provides an assessment of the types of BAs measurement methods and the advantages and disadvantages in accordance with the latest published articles.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors prepared the camel milk yogurt with stabilizers and stored for 21 days at refrigeration temperature to evaluate the effect on physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, total solids, fat, solids not fat, crude protein, ash, minerals, fatty acids, insulin, organic acids), rheological (viscosity, syneresis, color, body & texture, flavor, appearance, mouth feel, overall acceptability).
Abstract: The current study was planned to prepare the camel milk yogurt (CMY) collected from different ecological zones of Punjab province (Pakistan).CMY was prepared with the addition of stabilizers and stored for 21 days at refrigeration temperature to evaluate the effect on physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, total solids, fat, solids not fat, crude protein, ash, minerals, fatty acids, insulin, organic acids), rheological (viscosity, syneresis, color, textural, water holding capacity) and organoleptic characteristics (color, body & texture, flavor, appearance, mouth feel, overall acceptability). The overall comparison of CMY composition for 21 days storage exhibited that all the parameters, except acidity, had maximum components at the start of storage study and decreased gradually throughout the storage span. The data regarding rheological properties of CMY showed that viscosity, water holding capacity and texture was high on the start of storage period that gradually decreased during storage in comparison to syneresis that increased throughout the storage span. A significant effect of the source of camel milk was also observed on the insulin content of yogurt. The mean values of the sensory parameters depicted highly significant (P<0.01) effect for the sources of camel milk yogurt and storage days.
2 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the benefits of tailored-made production of IBs and their emerging use as self-immobilized catalysts used in the synthesis of several industrially interesting products, as well as on their utilization in different areas.
Abstract: The demand for large-scale production of pure and functional proteins via cost-effective and simple methods is highly emerging at present. In biotechnology, proteins are synthesized in heterologous systems, since natural sources do not always allow satisfactory yields and purity of desired proteins. Heterologous systems are focused to produce a high amount of an expressed protein, often leading to translation mechanism overload. As a result, insoluble aggregates of the protein called inclusion bodies (IBs) are formed. Since the beginning of recombinant protein production, the formation of IBs has been seen as an obstacle and great afford has been made to prevent their presence. On the contrary, many independent studies in the recent decade challenged this wide-accepted opinion and proved the huge potential of IBs. This review focuses on the benefits of tailored-made production of IBs and their emerging use as self-immobilized catalysts used in the synthesis of several industrially interesting products, as well as on their utilization in different areas.
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of storage temperature (5 and 10 °C ± 1 °C) and whey concentration (edible coating) on functional, physical-chemical, and microbiological characteristics of acerola stored for 12 days was investigated.
Abstract: Refrigeration and coating of active biopolymers are two potential approaches to extending the shelf life of fresh fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the influence of storage temperature (5 and 10 °C ± 1 °C) and whey concentration (edible coating), on functional, physical-chemical, and microbiological characteristics of acerola stored for 12 days. Edible coatings were produced using whey (30% and 60%) and glycerol. Samples were compared to a control (no coating), during storage at both temperatures. Storage at 10 °C improved the maintenance of the acerola color, while storage at 5 °C increased the stability of vitamin C and decreased microbial growth (p ≤0.05). The application of edible coating reduced the total color variation and degradation (a*) at both temperatures. The concentration of whey influenced significantly (p≤0.05) on the vitamin C content (A10-60), and on the mesophilic (A5-60 and A10-60) and psychrotrophic bacteria (A10-60) counts.
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of seed treatment with two preparations of fungicidal action, differing in the active substances composition, on the formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiosis in interaction with the photosynthetic apparatus of soybean plants was investigated.
Abstract: The aim of work was to investigate the influence of seed treatment with two preparations of fungicidal action, differing in the active substances composition, on the formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiosis in interaction with the photosynthetic apparatus of soybean plants. It was established that in plants treated with preparation Fever, the nitrogen-fixing activity (NFA) difference with the control was insignificant, but under the impact of the preparation Standak Top NFA was by 63% less at the stage of three true leaves, by 48% – at the stage of budding, and by 34% – at the stage of budding–flowering. The net photosynthetic rate, calculated per leaf area unit, was lower than control at all investigated stages of soybean plants development in the variants with the seed protectants applying. A fairly close positive correlations (R2 = 0.79) were observed between the average weight of one nodule and its NFA, and between the last and total NFA of the whole plant (R2 = 0.78). Close correlations between plant NFA, chlorophyll content in leaves, and net photosynthetic rate were revealed. It was concluded that seed protectants significantly influenced on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis.
The strength of manifestation, and the sign of this influence in comparison with the relevant parameters of the control plants depended on the preparation, the stage of plant development, as well as on the index (nodules formation, nitrogen-fixing activity, photosynthetic, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll index, biological productivity of soybean plants) under consideration.
TL;DR:
Abstract: Bacillus sp. ASX42 isolated from soil samples of Lake Van shores, Turkey, and the strain producing cellulose-free xylanase enzyme with an optimum pH 9.0, at 60ºC. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 66 kDa on SDS PAGE analysis. Thermal stability of enzyme was detected average 68.7% at 4-60ºC and 60% at 65-95ºC while pH stability was observed about 90% between pH 3.5-13.0 for 15 min. As HgCl2 presented a strong inhibitor activity, Cobalt (132%) and Manganese (130%) showed a stimulatory effect on xylanase activity. The remaining activity was found to be 77%, 89%, and 92% in the presence of EDTA, 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate and β- mercaptoethanol, respectively. In this study, some known purification materials were compared for effectiveness. According to the results, cellulase-free xylanase ASX42 has shown a stimulatory effect on germination of Anagyris foedita and Ceratonia siliqua seeds. It has also produced a whitening effect on wastepaper pulp.
TL;DR: Usnea longissima secondary metabolites extracted in acetone, methanol, and 70% hydroalcoholic solvents were evaluated against fungus (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans) and six bacterial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escheria coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) strains as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Usnea longissima, fruticose lichen growing in the temperate region, is well known traditional medicinal herb and a reservoir of some unique secondary metabolites. Traditionally it has been commonly used as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of ailments like tuberculosis, ulcers and skin diseases, etc. In our study, we evaluate antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing (QS) and antioxidant activity of Usnea longissima secondary metabolites extracted in acetone, methanol, and 70% hydroalcoholic solvents. Antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated against fungus (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans) and six bacterial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) strains. Whereas anti-QS activity was tested against biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum (CV) MCC 2290 and antibiofilm activity was checked in two gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli), two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungus (Candida albicans). Results of experimental data indicated that methanolic extract exhibited maximum activity against A. tumefaciens (24±0.2 mm) and C. albicans (30±0.3 mm) with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 300µg/mL and 200µg/mL respectively. Interestingly, we also observed that all extracts effectively inhibited quorum sensing in C. violaceum and biofilm formation in Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, at the concentration (100-300 µg/mL), for Candida albicans (50-150 µg/mL). Usnea longissima extract showed strong reducing power and hydroxyl radical activity and low DPPH scavenging activity. The present study suggested that U. longissima possesses potential antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing activity. These biological properties could be attributed to its significant antioxidant potential which validates its traditional use as an antimicrobial herbal source.
TL;DR: In this article , the antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of eleven medicinal plants at fives concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 10%; w/v) were tested against Alternaria alplateternata.
Abstract: Post-harvest pathogenic fungi of fruits cause huge losses. Apples fruits are important for consumers. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of eleven medicinal plants at fives concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 10%; w/v) were tested against Alternaria alplateternata. Inhibition of fungal growth, along with the lower D50 values of the ethanolic extract of the tested plants compared to those of the aqueous extract exhibited more efficient antifungal activity.
The ultrastructure of the fungal hyphae without treatment (control) showed normal hyphae enclosed by a wall composed of three layers in which the middle layer is more electron- denser than the outer and inner layers. An intact plasma membrane was also observed. In addition, an electron-dense material was observed at the tip of the hyphae. The cytoplasm contained several organelles. On the other hand, the treated hyphae with the ethanolic extracts of the mixture of E. citriodora and T. capitatus exhibited many changes as noted in both T.S and L.S such as the increase of the electron density of the outer layer of the hyphal wall more than the control, also numerous big lipid bodies were almost occupied the cytoplasm. Eucalyptus citridora and Thymus capitatus had a potential as antifungal agent for biocontrol of post-harvest pathogenic fungi of tested apple fruits.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the effect of processing and storage on sage honey and found that processing at higher temperature for shorter period had a greater impact on enzyme activity decrease and increase of color than heating at lower temperature for longer time.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing (45 °C/48 h and 65 °C/6 h) and two years’ storage on sage (Salvia officinalis L.) honey and to determine the period in which the compliance to the regulations is fulfilled and degradation of nutritive components are minimal. The results showed that processing at higher temperature for shorter period had a greater impact on enzyme activity decrease and increase of color than heating at lower temperature for longer time. Processing had no significant effect on HMF increase, while during storage HMF content increased above maximum prescribed value. Although processing and storage increased phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, at the same time, quality was significantly degraded regarding enzyme activity and HMF content. Therefore, it is recommended to store sage honey for less than two years and if processing is necessary to heat it at as low temperature as possible.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss about functional properties of the yolk of the egg, including interfacial properties, gelation properties, and phase separation behavior of yolk and its constituents (plasma and granules).
Abstract: The various bakery products like cake, cookies, and bread includes egg as an ingredient, which plays significant role in the product development. The egg yolk is the dense yellow part of the egg and is considered nutritionally more beneficial when compared to the other portion of the (egg whites). The egg yolk is considered a rich source of essential fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and few water-soluble vitamins (B6, B12). It is also rich in calcium, magnesium, iron, and selenium. This review discusses about functional characterization like interfacial properties, gelation, and phase separation behavior of egg yolk and its constituents (plasma and granules). This reviews briefly discuss about constituent characterization like xanthophylls, color stability, fatty composition with using newer analysis techniques. Besides, its applications in different industries like bakery, snacks, meat industry and production of nanogels have also been documented.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the use of lipases in industrial applications such as detergent formulations, oleochemical, nutrition, textile, agrochemical industry, food technology, pharmaceutical field and fine chemical processing.
Abstract: Lipases (3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous, biogenic enzymes which hydrolyses the triacylglycerols at the water-oil interface. Many species of animals, plants, and microbes produces lipases. The organisms able to produce lipases which could tolerate organic solvents, high temperature, is of industrial interest. Apart from its natural aqueous catalysis it also performs synthetic reactions in non-aqueous conditions, which have undergone tremendous development in last decade and have become a part of growing biotechnological applications. Immobilization of lipases on the particulate carriers have also been widely used for the enzyme’s efficient use. Vast industrial applications have been established such as detergent formulations, oleochemical, nutrition, textile, agrochemical industry, food technology, pharmaceutical field and fine chemical processing. Except latter three, most commercial applications do not requisite excessive purification or high degree of purity.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used a ½MS nutrient medium with the addition of 3.0 mg l-1 of BAP, В1, ǫ6 vitamins and 12 mg l -1 of iron sulfate Fe2(SO4)3.9
Abstract: The methods of microclonal propagation of Actinidia arguta (Siebold et. Zucc.) Planch ex Mix. (cv. ′Oryginalna′ and cv. ′Don-Juan′) plants by leaf tissues morphogenesis has been proposed. Leaves of aseptic actinidia plants from in vitro culture and leaves of plants grown in the garden were used as explants. When introduced into aseptic culture, the optimal period for the isolation of stem explants was the phase of active growth of actinidia shoots, and the medium - ½MS + 2 mg l-1 IBA and 0.5 mg l-1 BAP. The best culture medium for the morphogenesis of shoots from leaf explants of actinidia was a ½MS nutrient medium with the addition of 3.0 mg l-1 of BAP, В1, В6 vitamins and 12 mg l-1 of iron sulfate Fe2(SO4)3х9Н2О. It was set that the frequency of shoot regeneration depends on the cultivar, plant sex, condition of their cultivation and the part of leaf from which the explant was taken. The maximum regeneration efficiency was 83% with the formation of an average of 4–6 shoots and was achieved for leaf explants of actinidia from aseptic culture. Perlite-based substrate was used for the adaptation of the obtained plants and the efficiency of plant adaptation was 65–80%.
TL;DR: The use of modern antimicrobial technologies to inactivate the foodborne pathogens is not infallible, as proven by the ceaseless increase in the food-borne illnesses as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Within the context of food safety, the use of modern antimicrobial technologies to inactivate the food-borne pathogens is not infallible, as proven by the ceaseless increase in the food-borne illnesses. The extensive use of antibiotics to minimize the microbial contamination further results in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Moreover, some of the decontamination methods frequently used in the food industry cannot be directly applied to fresh fruits and vegetables, and RTE meals. Therefore, efforts are being made by researchers in developing a new approach so as to control the bacterial contamination. Consequently, bacteriophages have evolved as the safe, green, effective and natural alternative for treatment and complete destruction of pathogens in food industry. The review provides a general description about bacteriophages and has mainly focused on their potential use as antimicrobials during the postharvest processing of foods. Numerous research papers, review papers, book chapters and other relevant literature was used for writing this review paper.
TL;DR: In this article , a co-extrusion technique was used to microencapsulate Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using the coextrinusion technique.
Abstract: Probiotics play an important role in human gut health. However, it remains a challenge to maintain the viability of probiotics throughout the gastrointestinal transit. Hence, this study aimed to microencapsulate Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using the co-extrusion technique. Optimization of calcium chloride (1.0% w/v to 3.0% w/v) and GOS concentration (1.0% w/v to 5.0% w/v) were performed in the encapsulation of B. lactis Bi-07 based on bead size and microencapsulation efficiency. The study found that microbead prepared with 1.5% (w/v) sodium alginate, 2.0% (w/v) calcium chloride and 3.0% (w/v) GOS showed the highest microencapsulation efficiency. The size of the bead produced was 735.69 μm with the highest microencapsulation efficiency of more than 94%. Besides, the microencapsulation efficiency and bead size were compared between B. lactis Bi-07 beads with or without GOS. Results showed that the encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 with GOS was had a larger bead size and lower microencapsulation efficiency than encapsulated probiotic cells without GOS. Furthermore, the encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 and free cells were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal treatment where the cell viability was evaluated. Encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 with GOS showed higher cell viability than encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 without GOS and free cells after the simulated gastrointestinal treatment. The viable cell count of encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 with GOS remained more than 107 CFU/mL. This showed that the optimized encapsulated B. lactis Bi-07 with GOS could survive the human gastrointestinal to confer health benefits and the potential to be incorporated into functional foods.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used principal component analysis (PCA) as a tool to assess the influence of analytical parameters to characterize industrial or craft beers and found that the levels of bitterness, color, ethanol, propanol and iso-amyl alcohol are statistically different in craft and industrial beers, regardless of whether it is craft or industrial.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the influence of some analytical parameters in craft and industrial beers characterization and to search for possible correlations between these parameters by use of chemometrics. For this purpose, the levels of color and bitterness were quantified by spectrophotometry and the concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-butanol and iso-amyl alcohol by gas chromatography with detection by flame ionization with a headspace sampler (HS - GC-FID). The results were evaluated by the student analysis for the means, at a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied as a tool to assess the influence of analytical parameters to characterize industrial or craft beers. The results showed that, the levels of bitterness, color, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, methanol and propanol are statistically different in craft and industrial beers. On the other hand, considering the PCA results, it is possible to attribute the parameters bitterness, color, acetaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-butanol and iso-amyl alcohol as the better ones to characterize as craft beers, while the industrial beers were better characterized by the presence of ethyl acetate. Regarding the correlation matrix, it revealed that the parameters color, propanol and iso-amyl alcohol are correlated with the alcoholic content of beer, regardless of whether it is craft or industrial.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the effect of the addition of vegetable oils (pumpkin, rapeseed and sunflower oil) on the technological quality of wheat dough and subsequently wheat bread.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition (0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 %) of vegetable oils (pumpkin, rapeseed and sunflower oil) on the technological quality (rheological properties of dough, bakery indicators and bakery experiment) of wheat dough and subsequently wheat bread. The wheat flour type T 650 was used as a base and also control. In this type was determined a dry matter of 86.65 %. By determining the bakery indicators (crude protein content, falling number, starch content, ash content, titratable acidity and Zeleny index) it is possible to summarize that this type of four was strong. The gluten properties of T 650 flour were optimal and suitable for bakery use. The specific volume, volume yield, bulk productivity, bread yield, loss during baking and shape were determined by a baking experiment. The highest specific volume was determined in a bread loaf with the addition of 1.5 % pumpkin oil – 424.2 cm3.100 g-1. The volume of prepared breads increased with oil addition – the highest value was determined in sample with the addition of 1.5 % sunflower oil (volume increase of 24 % with compared to the control variant without addition. The shape of prepared breads was optimal; the bulk productivity increased in direct proportion to the addition of individual oils. The addition of vegetable oils had a beneficial effect on the rheological properties of the dough. The farinograph properties were good, but in the wheat dough with the addition of rapeseed oil, the development time of the dough gradually decreased. After the addition of pumpkin oil, it was determined development time of the dough (the difference between the maximum and minimum) higher by 55 % with compared to the control variant without addition. It was also recorded positive results for the evaluation by the extenzograph properties. By a comprehensive evaluation, it can be stated that the addition of vegetable oils had positive effects on wheat dough and prepared bread.
TL;DR: In this paper , a green microalga, Chlorococcum infusionum (EAU-10), was used for biodiesel production by evaluating the growth characteristics, lipid yield and fatty acid profile of the micro alga.
Abstract: Microalgae are organisms effective of accumulating high quantity of industrially important lipids with promising characteristics as an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production. This study assess the possibility of using a green microalga, Chlorococcum infusionum (EAU-10) for biodiesel production by evaluating the growth characteristic, lipid yield and fatty acid profile of the microalga cultivated at varying concentrations of nitrogen source (0.375 - 1.50 g L-1 NaNO3). High lipid accumulation was observed in nitrogen-starved cultivation condition (0.375 g L-1 NaNO3) after 23 days of growth. Maximum biomass concentration of Chlorococcum infusionum (EAU-10) under nitrogen starved condition is 0.577 ± 0.003 g L−1 with 21.26% oil content per dry weight of algal biomass and lipid productivity of 22.08 mg L−1 day−1. Nitrogen starvation caused an increase in the total oil content and a decrease in biomass production of the microalga. Profiling of fatty acids of the obtained algal biodiesel shows methyl palmitate (C16:0) and methyl nonadecanoate (C19:0) contribute to almost 70% of Chlorococcum infusionum (EAU-10) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profile. Overall, a total of 74.58% of saturated fatty acid (SAFA) methyl ester content is present in the algal lipid, which is exceedingly high in contrast to other similar studies. Analysis of C. infusionum FAME profile in relation to some important fuel properties showed that the algal oil has the potential to produce biodiesel with excellent fuel qualities.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the antibacterial effects of Punica granatum fruit extracts that were grown in Algeria against environmental and clinical isolates of MRSA and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae by using agar diffusion methods and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-determination.
Abstract: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is known popularly by its nutritional values and healthy benefits. The current study is aimed the evaluation of antibacterial effects of Punica granatum fruit extracts that cultivated in Algeria against environmental and clinical isolates of β-lactamase producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae by using agar diffusion methods and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-determination. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for their phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The quantitative assays of total polyphenols revealed a richness of the different pomegranate extract in polyphenols, peel and seed ethanol extracts contain the highest values (880.06 ± 11.2 mg GAE/100 g and 1160.1 ± 45.20 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). Flavonoid contents were high in both of acetone, ethanol extracts of peel, followed by ethanol, and acetone extracts of juice. According to the disc diffusion data, all phenolic extracts had a bacterial inhibitory effect against all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae with a strong inhibitor with MIC 512 g/mL strength. The pericarp extract is particularly effective against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebseilla pneumoniae. However, the extract Punica granatum (pericarp and juice) revealed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with an inhibitory diameter zone size of 11 0.9 mm to 29 1.12 mm against β-lactamase generating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) species.These results were similar in both of agar diffusion and MIC methods. From the above study, it can be concluded that Algerian pomegranate extracts possess remarkable antibacterial activity. This result could be related to the presence of bioactive metabolites in this fruit. Therefore, intensive future studies should be performed to characterize the antibacterial components that are behind for this biological property.
TL;DR: In this paper , the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactibacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PTCC 1737 and Streptococcus thermophilus PTCC1738 in removing Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Benz(a)-anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), and Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF) from contaminated aqueous solution with respect to strain types, time and temperature of incubation was studied.
Abstract: The ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PTCC 1737 and Streptococcus thermophilus PTCC 1738 in removing Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Benz(a)anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr) and Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) from contaminated aqueous solution with respect to strain types, time and temperature of incubation was studied. The results showed that BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP could be significantly removed from the phosphate buffer saline by the tested bacteria and this reduction significantly depends on strain types and incubation temperature and time. The reduction of four PAHs varied in the range from 50.94% to 74.51%, 54.48% to 77.98%, 47.35% to 68.84%, and 61.96% to 81.22% for BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP, respectively. The results illustrated that by increasing time and temperature of incubation, binding ratio increased and the highest binding ratio of four PAHs was achieved by L. acidophilus LA-5 at 37 °C. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis was performed for identifying the different functional groups that might participate in the binding of PAHs to bacterial cell wall. The FTIR revealed that cell wall has an important role in removal of BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP from phosphate buffer saline.
TL;DR: In this paper , the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 expression patterns in various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using different public databases on cancer were analyzed.
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to liver injury and promotes other viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) in COVID-19 patients. Obesity is involved with an increased risk of mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In the current study, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 expression patterns in various HCC patients using different public databases on cancer. We found that the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expressions are significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with the healthy population. Interestingly, high ACE2 expression is positively associated with HCC patient’s obesity and age of 61 to 80 years old. A significantly lower survivability rate is revealed in extremely obese and obese HCC patients with high expression of ACE2. In addition, the expression of important innate immune-related genes such as IKBKB, MAVS, IRF3, and RELA are found to be significantly increased in HCC patients. Therefore, it might be suggested that obesity and age of the HCC patient along with the involvement of innate immune genes, might be the important triggers for COVID-19 pathogenesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of three selected doses of epicatechin (EPI; 25, 50 or 100 μmol/L) on the motion and oxidative profile of bovine spermatozoa subjected to the process of cryopreservation were investigated.
Abstract: This study served to elucidate the effects of three selected doses of epicatechin (EPI; 25, 50 or 100 μmol/L) on the motion and oxidative profile of bovine spermatozoa subjected to the process of cryopreservation. Furthermore, we focused on the impact of EPI on the expression patterns of heat shock proteins 90 and 70 as well as the BAX and Bcl-2 proteins involved in the process of apoptosis. The experimental samples were compared with a native control as well as specimens cryopreserved in the absence of any supplement. Our dada indicates that particularly 50 and 100 μmol/L EPI assured a higher preservation of the sperm motility (p<0.001) in comparison with the cryopreserved control. The best protection of the sperm DNA (p<0.05), lipids (p<0.05) and proteins (p<0.01) were observed in the samples exposed to 100 μmol/L EPI in comparison to untreated frozen samples. The presence of higher EPI concentrations in the cryopreservation medium led to significant stabilization of the heat shock protein 90 (p<0.01 in case of 50 μmol/L EPI; p<0.001 with respect to 100 μmol/L EPI) as well as a higher maintenance of the BAX:Bcl-2 ratio (p<0.001) when compared to the untreated frozen control. In summary, we may assume that EPI exhibits antioxidant properties which enable the molecule to prevent excessive damage to biomolecules essential for the cell survival and offer an additional layer of protection to spermatozoa exposed to low temperatures, all of which may be translated into a higher post-thaw sperm motility and activity.
TL;DR: A review of the probiotic potential of different yeast strains is presented in this article , where the authors explore the updated information on the efficacy of various yeast strains as probiotics for human welfare.
Abstract: Due to the enormous benefits for human health, probiotics have gained popularity in the current era of science and have received a lot of public interest recently. Many bacterial strains have been used as probiotics for commercial applications. For a long time, the only yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, was referred to be a probiotic. Interest in the probiotic potential of different yeast strains has grown in recent years. The purpose of the present review is to explore the updated information on the efficacy of various yeast strains as probiotics for human welfare.