Showing papers in "Vacuum in 1976"

TL;DR: Theoretical models suggested by various workers consider on the one hand electrons to penetrate homogeneously through the dielectric of the insulating layer, and on the other the passage of current by means of conductive filaments as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a capacitively coupled rf target was used with one rf terminal grounded to determine the conditions under which carbon specimens were subsequently etched, and the d.c. potentials developed with respect to ground and plasma were measured for target and floating specimen positions.

TL;DR: In this article, various types of flowmeter used for the measurement of gas throughput in the range 10 −4 to 10 −10 Pa m 3 s −1 are described and discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects produced when lubricant additives are used to reduce the wear between surfaces in relative motion were investigated using an Auger Electron Spectroscopy (ES) system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the problems encountered in using a hot cathode ionization gauge with particular reference to the tungsten cathode are discussed, and the theory of thermionic emission from metals and semiconductors is mentioned as is activation and poisoning of surfaces.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of O2, N2 and CO on W(100) and N2 on Nb(100), at room temperature were studied with LEED-AES techniques and by the measurement of work function changes using the retarding potential method and the Kelvin technique.

TL;DR: In this article, the quality of analysis does not markedly depend on various approximations and simplifications in the correction routines, and error distribution maps in T,ηe-space have been drawn which indicate that for an analysis using two internal standard elements certain ambiguities exist in the definition of an optimum constitutional analysis of a given sample.

TL;DR: In this article, the problems of cryopumping in the pressure region above that in which free molecular flow prevails are considered, and some of the results are reviewed; see Section 2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the etch rate of graphite in O2 rf plasmas was investigated with a negatively biased target made of colloidal graphite on a water-cooled electrode.

TL;DR: In this paper, secondary electron emission yield measurements at various primary energies and angles of incidence have been performed on bulk samples of glass used to construct channel plates, and from these measurements a value has been obtained for the escape depth of the secondary electrons.

TL;DR: In this paper, some of the practical problems of designing cryopumps are discussed, and possible solutions for them are proposed, including choice of cooling system, design of cryopanel, prediction of ultimate pressure and heat load on refrigerant.

TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetic spectrometer has been used to record electron energy loss spectra of atomic inner shell excitations in an electron microscope and the background intensity and angular distributions have been investigated for carbon, aluminium and copper specimens.

TL;DR: In this paper, the uses of cold cathode discharges in inert and active gases for improving the vacuum characteristics of systems and components are reviewed with the objective of analysing the processes which occur under the various complex conditions of treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, a dc magnetron system for cathode sputtering with a spool-shaped cathode is described, which increases the intensity of the discharge by one order of magnitude for gas pressures of 10 −2 to 10 −3 torr.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of carbon and sulphur on nickel faces on heating in a vacuum and in oxygen (10 −7 −10 −6 torr, 800 °C) was investigated by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).

TL;DR: In this paper, a circuit is described which overcomes most of the problems associated with stabilizing the electron current to the anode of a hot-filament device which is working under temperature limited conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, various applications of energy analysis in an energy-selecting electron microscope are briefly outlined, including image filtering, microanalysis by K-shell excitation, K-loss structure determination, plasmon dispersion relationships and local thickness measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, the properties of austenitic stainless steel for the construction of high vacuum equipment are reviewed. And the effect of cold working and cryogenic temperatures on the strength and magnetic properties of stainless steel is given.

TL;DR: In this paper, the surface evolution rate of gas from a semi-infinite solid when diffusing from an initial specific depth below the surface is examined when the solid is heated as a defined time function and where, during migration, gas atoms may be permanently captured at traps.

TL;DR: An Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API) source was built for a magnetic sector mass spectrometer in this paper, where the ionization reactions initiated by electrons from a Nickel-63 source were carried out in a flowing gas stream at atmospheric pressure.

TL;DR: The use of electron spectroscopic techniques for the study of metal and alloy oxidation is described in this article, where basic objectives are outlined and the present capabilities illustrated, and the application of these techniques to the solution of oxidation problems is illustrated with two examples from the oxidation of stainless steel.

TL;DR: A machinable glass-ceramic material with a combination of properties for vacuum applications not offered by materials such as alumina, boron nitride, lava, glass or glass-bonded mica has been developed by Corning Glass Works as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, an insulating (1011 Ω) bakeable (300 °C) BNC type coaxial (Z0 -50 Ω)-feedthrough is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described a quantitative theory which predicts the rate of evaporation from a finite surface into a vacuum in the absence of such a condenser or other nearby surfaces.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed review of the formation of stacking faults created during the layer growth process is given and a practical summary of revealing the traces of the stacking faults on the layer surface by chemical etching.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of electrons on solids can be put to use in fabricating semiconductor devices and the types of processes required in conventional semiconductor technology and the limitations of these processes are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, a high torque specimen manipulator for use in ultra-high vacuum is described, which allows the specimen to be rotated through 360 ° and translated 1 cm along the rotation axis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors described a laboratory centrifugal molecular distillation for the processing of an epoxy monomer/polymer mixture, and the optimum operating conditions were outlined for separation of pure monomer from polymer at low temperature and feed-rate.