Showing papers in "Waste Management & Research in 2007"

TL;DR: There is no, one single driver for development in waste management: the balance between these six groups of drivers has varied over time, and will vary between countries depending on local circumstances, and between stakeholders depending on their perspective.

TL;DR: An overview of electrical and e-waste recycling is offered, including a description of how it is generated and classified, strategies and technologies for recovering materials, and new scientific developments related to these activities.

TL;DR: Effective management of e-waste in the developing countries demands the implementation of EPR, the establishment of product reuse through remanufacturing and the introduction of efficient recycling facilities.

TL;DR: Computer circuit board scrap was first treated with one part concentrated nitric acid and two parts water at 70°C for 1 h to dissolve the base metals, thereby liberating the chips from the boards, and gold was precipitated from the leachate with ferrous sulphate.

TL;DR: It was found that for regions spending 1—10 capita —1 year—1 for waste management, the `waste hierarchy' of prevention, recycling and disposal is not an appropriate strategy and the improvement of disposal systems is the most cost-effective method to reach the objectives of solid waste management.

TL;DR: Interpretation of results showed that waste management systems can be designed in an environmentally sustainable manner where energy recovery processes lead to substantial avoidance of emissions and savings of resources.

TL;DR: An overview of methods is provided and preliminary guidelines for the choice of methods are presented and it is shown that life-cycle analyses have been shown to provide policy-relevant and consistent results.

TL;DR: The Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm is used for the identification of optimal routes in the case of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and the results are compared with the empirical method currently used by the Municipality of Athens.

TL;DR: A theoretical model was proposed to describe the water transfer in the Rubcrete specimens and provided a possible mechanism for the efficacy of treating rubber particles with NaOH in improving the compressive strength.

TL;DR: The quality of bricks was assessed in terms of linear shrinkage, water absorption and compressive strength, and the cost analysis revealed that cement— tailings bricks would be uneconomical whereas the soil—tailings bricks will be very economical.

TL;DR: The study established waste multipliers that could be used in conjunction with the population figure of a city to estimate the quantity of solid waste generation in the developing world and found that income, household size, social status, occupation, education and season of the year explained 88.8% of wastegeneration in Oyo.

TL;DR: It was found that the aged refuse was quite stable after about a decade of decomposition in the warm, humid climate of southern China, and had the properties of black soil, a medium suitable for green construction, organic fertilizer, or as bio-reactor media for biological treatment of organic wastewaters.

TL;DR: The influence of three socio-economic factors; level of education, age, and type of residence, on the littering behaviour of individuals was studied and possible remedial actions have been suggested.

TL;DR: The results suggest that there is serious contamination hazard with Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soil profiles, and Mobility factors were calculated, indicating that these metals are relatively mobile in the surface horizons compared the subsurface except for chromium in the 15—30 cm depths.

TL;DR: The results indicate that coagulation and flocculation processes can be used effectively in integrated semi-aerobic leachate treatment systems, especially for removing suspended solids, colour and COD.

TL;DR: This paper summarizes developments made in the field of waste-to-energy technology between the 1980s and the present in the USA and Europe and suggests new strategies for improved energy recovery and ash melting or gasification to obtain improved ash quality.

TL;DR: The method described below recovers zinc, a valuable metal that is present in high concentrations in filter ash from the thermal treatment of waste, and returns the filter ash stripped of heavy metals to the combustion process in order to destroy organic substances, which supports the sustainable and economically viable reuse of filter ash.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that the urban poor and low-income communities are the main recyclers, re-users, and source-reducers of their household solid waste and policies should be formulated to focus on promoting knowledge, education, and the skills of the urbanPoor.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional visualization showed the overall consistency of the two-dimensional lines, and helped to generate a global view of the site, in spite of some ambiguities, cover and waste could be distinguished in most cases.

TL;DR: Experiments showed that co-digestion of grease sludge and WWTP sludge was a better way of making use of the methane potential in the grease trap sludge than single-substrate digestion.

TL;DR: It was concluded that the capacity of the Kemerburgaz-Odayeri incineration plant is enough to incinerate the health-care waste generated on the European side of Istanbul, and the construction of a new incineration plants or a stationary sterilization unit for the disposal of health-Care wastegenerated on the Asian side was the most effective alternative.

TL;DR: Today, over-consumption, pollution and resource depletion threaten sustainability, but waste policies are changing to focus on lifecycle impacts of products from the cradle to the grave by extending the responsibilities of stakeholders to post-consumer management.

TL;DR: On the basis of the results of the plant tolerance test, the MSWC could be employed directly as a soil improver, but would need to be diluted with other low-salt components such as peat or CPB before being used as a growing media.

TL;DR: The findings show that the fine sediment of Shin-Men Reservoir could be a suitable raw material for making expanded lightweight aggregate sintered at 1200 to 1300°C for 10 to 12 min by a programmable furnace and a diffusion process.

TL;DR: Recommendations are provided for further work required to achieve this at national government and European levels, and for priority areas where international co-ordination of waste and resources research could add most value to policy.

TL;DR: The urban solid waste of the city of Indaiatuba (pop. 175 000), located in the state of Sao Paulo, was characterized, focusing on the recycling potential.

TL;DR: Both pre-washing of the residues and longer equilibration times were shown to be simple yet useful methods to identify mineral phases that could control the release of constituents after the removal of readily soluble compounds in the initial stage of leaching.

TL;DR: Recommendations for improving the sustainability of NHS, employee waste management practices, with a specific focus on recycling are included in the paper.

TL;DR: This paper shows that certain key values of modelled systems can be calculated using an easy-to-use tool at the very early stages of a larger design process involving municipal and business partners.

TL;DR: It was observed that the log(ka) and log(ε) relationships for the garden waste compost all intercepted at the same location despite having very different slopes, suggesting that it is possible to predict the entire ka—ε relationship using only one measurement of corresponding (ka, ε) for garden waste.